Abstract: In order to investigate the fertilizer supplying potential and provide the theoretical basis of rational fertilization of Hunan main tobacco-growing area, this experiment studied the characteristics of phosphorus adsorption and desorption on long-term tobacco-planted soil samples derived from 5 different parent materials in Hunan Province by simulating Langmuir equation. The results showed: soil derived from limestone possessed the maximum phosphorus capacity and the maximum buffering capacity, and soil derived from quaternary red clay possessed the maximum adsorption binding energy, meanwhile soil derived from purple slate shale got the highest degree of phosphorus sorption saturation. The difference of the P adsorption amount was: limestone>slate shale >quaternary red clay>purple sandy shale>purple slate shale. The standard required phosphorus of soil derived from limestone, quaternary red clay, slate, purple sandy shale, purple slate shale were 209.50 kg/hm2, 188.76 kg/hm2, 146.58 kg/hm2, 122.28 kg/hm2, 77.21 kg/hm2. Soils had strong fixation effect on phosphorus. Among of them, soil derived from quaternary red clay ranked the highest fixation capability and lowest desorption rate toward phosphorus, while soils from purple slate shale had the maximum desorption capability and the highest desorption rate.