Abstract: The conduction of rural residential consolidation in a scientific and rational way was particularly important for the realistic potential calculation of land consolidation in rural residential. Ten towns in Chibi City were taken as objects in this paper, and natural and socio-economic correction index system were built based on engineering and technical factors, which concentrated on the factor correction on the theoretical potential of the standards method of construction land per capita. The realistic consolidation potential, which was much closer to engineering standards, was obtained. The results showed that: the total rural residential realistic consolidation potential of the 10 towns in Chibi was 283.03 hectares, and the comprehensive potential coefficient was 0.061. There was huge difference between the theoretical potential and realistic potential. The study showed that the consideration of engineering and technical factors into account in rural residential consolidation and the correction of the theoretical potential with natural and socio- economic restrictions were important references in calculating the potential of land consolidation in rural residential.