Abstract: This paper build a system analysis framework., we consider that the low farmer consumption on the common constraints from the imbalance institutional environment, rural economic structure and urban-rural duals structure. Then this paper analyzes the mechanism on Constructing the long-acting mechanism of expanding rural residents' consumption.Finally, we give the path as follows: Deepening coordinate urban and rural development to public service and income redistribution system reform; Build a farmer to consume demand the long-acting mechanism of coordinated development of a number of policy of macroscopical system environment;The innovation of rural circulation system supply mode;The innovation of rural land system to actively and steadily promote urbanization ;Energetically develop agricultural services; The innovation of rural financial system, accelerate rural consumption infrastructure normative market order as path choice of constructing the long-acting mechanism of expanding rural residents' consumption