Abstract: As the consumption of fossil fuels, looking for a form of ecological, sustainable and renewable energy source is nowadays a hot spot. Jatropha curcas L., a newly developed energy plant, has gained much attention for its high oil content in seed and can be used as biodiesel. Stresses not only have great restriction on the region distribution of J.curcas, but also have important influence to the formation of J.curcas output and quality. This paper mainly reviewed the physiological and biochemical mechanism of stress resistance from cold, drought, salt, high temperature and heavy metals. In the end, the author gave a summary on cloning of resistance-related functional genes and transgenic techniques, in order to promote the improvement of J.curcas molecular mechanism of resistance and the breeding of new varieties.