Abstract: In order to speed up the cold-tolerance breeding of walnut in Shanxi Province, excavation of walnuts’ cold-tolerance resources, provide a theoretical basis for breeding of the walnut, With the ‘No.l Gift’, ‘No.2 Gift’, ‘No.l Zhonglin’, ‘No.5 Zhonglin’, ‘No.l Liaohe’, ‘No.3 Liaohe’, ‘No.l Jinlong 7’ varieties branches of low temperature stress as test materials, this experiment analyzed and compared the different annual temperature conditions of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and so part of the cold hardiness physiology and biochemistry. The results showed that: with the reducing of the processing temperature index of the content of soluble sugar and POD enzyme activity appeared ‘drop-rise-drop’ changes. Soluble protein, proline content, SOD enzyme activity was not the extent of change. The content of soluble sugar, proline in ‘No.l Gift’ and ‘No.2 Gift’ changed to a larger extent. Comprehensive analysis of various varieties of hardiness physiological and biochemical indexes, it was assumed that the cold hardiness order ‘Gift 2’ was the strongest strength gifts, ‘No.l Gift’ second and ‘No.3 Liaohe’ and ‘No.5 Liaohe’, ‘No.l Jinlong’, ‘No.l Zhonglin’, ‘No.l Liaohe’ were in turn decrease.