Horticulturae
To study the climate suitability of pomegranate planting, make full use of climate resources, and find suitable areas for pomegranate cultivation in Xianyang, based on the latest meteorological observed data of 12 stations in Xianyang from 1988 to 2017, GIS technology was used to carry out climatic suitability regionalization of Xianyang pomegranate cultivation, aiming to provide a basis for pomegranate production and agricultural structure adjustment. There were 8 indices of climatic division for pomegranate, namely, ≥10℃ active accumulate temperature from bud emergence to fruit maturity, ≥10℃ active accumulate temperature during the annual growth period, sunshine hours of the year, sunshine hours on September, precipitation from July to September, the average temperature difference between day and night at 18-21℃, extreme minimum temperature of the year, extreme minimum temperature of ten days. The results showed that: the quality area of pomegranate cultivation accounted for 14.9%, mainly distributed in Sanyuan, most of Jingyang, northwest of Weicheng District, eastern Liquan, and northern Qianxian; the suitable area accounted for 21.3%, distributed in Xingping City, Qindu District, Weicheng District, the southern part of Liquan County, the southern part of Qianxian County and the Taiyuan District of Wugong north; the inferior area accounted for 16.6%, and the unsuitable area accounted for 47.2%. Except Wugong, the south of Xianyang dry belt is a suitable area for pomegranate planting, the light, heat and water climate resources in this area meet all the meteorological factors needed for high-quality production of pomegranate, and the cultivation of pomegranate can be developed in this region vigorously.
To clarify the resistance level of Chinese cabbage varieties against clubroot in Chengdu plain, a total of 45 main cultivars of Chinese cabbage were screened for resistance in three counties, Longxing in Chongzhou, Mengyang in Pengzhou and Taixing in Xindu in 2018. The identification was carried out under field condition by using the method of natural infection, and the resistance level analysis was conducted by investigating the symptom on plant roots. The results showed that the resistance level of the tested Chinese cabbage cultivars to clubroot disease was variable. Four cultivars showed immune to clubroot (disease index=0) in the Chongzhou natural disease nursery, and the ratio was 8.9%, and the other cultivars showed susceptibility (35<disease index≤55) or high susceptibility (55<disease index≤100), accounting for 91.1%. The evaluation of resistance identification in Pengzhou showed that six cultivars were immune to clubroot, eleven cultivars were tolerant to clubroot disease (15<disease index≤35), and the remaining twenty eight cultivars were susceptibility or highly susceptibility. But in Xindu, only two cultivars showed immune resistance, sixteen tolerant cultivars were screened out and twenty six cultivars showed susceptibility or high susceptibility. The resistance of most of the cultivars was susceptible to clubroot, and the resistance of some cultivars showed instability in different areas. Only cultivar Meichun and Shangpin exhibited stable immune to clubroot in the three regions, which were suitable for planting in the epidemic areas of clubroot disease, and could be used for further study on resistance breeding.
To evaluate the nutritional quality of onion (Allium cepa) varieties from different sources and screen germplasms rich in nutrients, four nutritional quality parameters including compactness, dry matter content, soluble solid content and pyruvic acid content of 30 onion varieties were determined. A comprehensive evaluation on nutritional quality of onion was conducted with membership function from the fuzzy math and correlation analysis. The results showed that there were some differences of compactness, dry matter content, soluble solid content and pyruvic acid content in the 30 onion materials. The variation coefficient of compactness was the smallest, while that of pyruvic acid content was the largest. In addition, this study found that the dry matter content was extremely significantly correlated with soluble solids content, and significantly correlated with pyruvic acid content. Among the 30 onion materials, ‘Sterile line A1’ has the best comprehensive nutritional quality, which can provide the material foundation for onion quality breeding.
To comprehensively assess and recommend the optimum seeding date of no-till rapeseed in low altitude mountain areas, comparisons of no-till rapeseed agronomic traits and yield of 10 seeding dates in 4 altitude areas were carried out from 2011 to 2015 in Yuxi by using grey relation analysis and fuzzy clustering analysis. The results indicated that: (1) there was significant difference of main agronomic traits among different seeding dates, the main agronomic traits of rapeseed of earlier seeding date were better than that of conventional seeding date (October 10); (2) the correlation between yield and main agronomic traits varied in different degrees; (3) the yield of different seeding dates varied in different degrees; (4) the optimum seeding date of no-till rapeseed depended on climate, the best seeding date in warm year was around August 10 -September 10, whereas in cold year it was around August 30 - September 30. Therefore, according to the comprehensive evaluation of the yielding ability and stability of rapeseed of 10 seeding dates during 5 years, the optimum seeding date of August 30 - September 10 is recommended for no-till rapeseed in low altitude mountain areas.
To explore the phenological characters of common ligneous species in Wuhan urban forest, based on the phenological observation data of 18 tree species for 3 consecutive years, the main phonological characters of tree species were studied, the phenological spectrum was drawn and the correlation between phonological phenomena was analyzed. The relationship between tree phenological phase and environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation was studied using principal component analysis. The major environmental impact factors for sprouting period, leaf-expansion period, flowering period and fruit maturation period were ≥5℃ temperature accumulation, average temperature and cumulative rainfall, and those for defoliation period were average temperature, average rainfall and ≥5℃ temperature accumulation. In addition, different environmental factors had different positive and negative effects in different phenological periods. Phenotypic cluster analysis was carried out on sprouting period, leaf-expansion period, flowering period and fruit maturation period, 3 types of sprouting period, 2 types of leaf-expansion period, 3 types of flowering period and 3 types of fruit maturation period were determined preliminarily. Moreover, different phenological types were connected and combined according to “sprouting type+ leaf-expansion type+ flowering type+ fruit maturation type”, 18 tree species were classified into 9 phonological types. The study is helpful to understand the phenological change characters of common tree species in Wuhan, and provides a scientific basis for the species selection, tree cultivation management and benefit evaluation of urban forest.
In this study, ‘Qiangsang No.1’ mulberry tree was used as a test material, and five different concentrations of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts treatment (A-E: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 g/L) and one blank control treatment CK were set up by field foliar fertilization test. The effects of different treatments on physiological and biochemical indexes of mulberry leaves were analyzed. Further, the processed mulberry leaves were used to feed the silkworm, and the effect of the treated mulberry leaves on the quality of the silkworm pupa was analyzed. The results showed that the branch length, leaf length, net photosynthetic rate, mulberry leaf yield, total carbon content, total phosphorus content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of mulberry trees reached the maximum at treatment C. Compared with the control, they increased by 20.12%, 24.71%, 18.37%, 32.99%, 20.69%, 21.00%, 24.88% and 42.82%, respectively. The leaf width, leaf area and total nitrogen content of mulberry leaves reach the maximum at treatment D. Compared with the control, they increased by 19.87%, 45.06% and 19.55%, respectively. The cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell rate reached the maximum at treatment C, which increased by 11.64%, 25.64% and 11.42%, respectively. The processing order based on the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function was C>D>E>B>A>CK, among them, treatment C (10 g/L) had the best effect on the growth of mulberry branches, the yield and quality of mulberry leaves, and the quality and quality of silkworm cocoons. In summary, appropriate concentration of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts treatment can significantly promote the growth of mulberry branches, improve mulberry yield and quality, and the yield and quality of silkworm cocoons obtained by feeding with treated mulberry leaves are also increased accordingly.
To explore the cultivation methods of quinoa vegetables in greenhouse, quinoa seeds harvested in Beijing were used as experimental materials. The dynamic monitoring of quinoa vegetable growth, the comparison of sowing amount and sowing method, the influence of fertilizer on quinoa, the optimal suitable mechanical sowing amount of quinoa, and the comparison of quinoa leaves and grains and other vegetables in nutritional composition were reported to provide a technical reference for the cultivation of quinoa vegetables. The results show that quinoa is a healthy vegetable which is rich in protein, dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium, and low in sodium. From sowing to harvesting, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is 933.24℃. To facilitate mechanized production and ensure the neat of the group, it is better to choose drill sowing. When the sowing amount was 22.5-24 kg/hm 2, the yield could reach 15143.55-15442.95 kg/hm 2. Compared with the application of chicken dung and non-fertilization, the yield of quinoa under sheep dung is better, and the yield of edible part is 15722.10 kg/hm 2.
12-year-old Longanyou was used in this experiment as the material, the effects of different fertilization treatments on fruit yield and quality and the correlation between fruit color and luster and inherent quality were analyzed by measuring fruit yield, single fruit weight, fruit color and luster, fruit firmness and inherent quality. The results showed that (1) in 2017, the per plant yield of T1, T2 and T3 increased by 60.10%, 19.11% and 46.17%, respectively, compared with that of 2016, while the per plant yield of T4 decreased by 30.38%, and T2 had the highest per plant yield in both 2016 and 2017 (95.40 kg/plant and 113.63 kg/plant), indicating that fertilization had obvious effect on per plant yield; (2) the effect of fertilization on the color luster of pericarp was not significant, but the color of pulp was significantly affected, the pulp color of each fertilization treatment was orange red, and the color of T2 was darker than that of other treatments, while the color of CK was yellowish green; (3) fertilization significantly affected the pericarp, cysts and flesh firmness of Longanyou, especially on the fruit firmness of upper and lower layers of T2; (4) the content of invert sugar, total sugar, sugar acid ratio and vitamin C all reached the highest in the upper layer fruits of T2, the total soluble solids (13.07% and 13.07%) and solid acid ratio of T3 were the highest, and the content of titratable acidity in both T2 and T3 was relatively low, showing that T2 and T3 were beneficial to improve the inherent quality of fruit; (5) according to the analysis of the correlation between fruit color and fruit quality, it was found that each index of fruit color was closely related with the content of fructose. In conclusion, the amount of sugar may affect the fruit color of Longanyou.
Establishing a feasible disinfection system for obtaining the germfree mature lotus (Nelumbo) embryos as explants and understanding the differences of in vitro growth of lotus from different provenances is the basis for material selection and evaluation method to construct an efficient in vitro culture and genetic transformation system. Plant preservative mixture (PPM) at different concentrations was used in the pre-culture stage to develop a suitable disinfection system of lotus seeds and a method of acquiring the germ-free lotus embryos. Through this sterilization approach, the in vitro cultured seedlings of lotus from 9 worldwide provenances were successfully obtained. Based on the morphological indexes at different culture periods, the membership function method was used to evaluate the growth differences under the in vitro culture conditions. The results showed that the ideal disinfection system for lotus seeds was 75% alcohol 30 s + 2% PPM 2 h + 0.05% PPM 3-5 d soaking during germination. The in vitro growth differences of the seedlings from the tested lotuses of 8 provenances were mainly observed in the later culture stage, such as the number of leaves, the length and thickness of rhizomes, the number of roots and lateral shoots. The seedlings of lotus from Vietnam and Thailand had the highest growth potential and higher reproduction rate under the same culture conditions. The pre-culture method by soaking lotus seeds with PPM to successfully obtain germ-free lotus embryos has solved the technique problem in disinfecting lotus seeds in the past. The in vitro clones of lotus embryos from the tropical or subtropical regions in both Vietnam and Thailand have stronger growth capacity and therefore are the materials more ideal for establishing regeneration and genetic transformation system of Nelumbo.
The paper aims to explore the quality and expand the planting area of the Phellodendron chinense introduced into Beijing Medical Plant Garden. The water, total ash, extract, berberine and phellodendron content of the bark of P. chinense introduced into Beijing Medical Plant Garden were determined and compared with the cultivated P. chinense bark in the main producing area and the commercial Phellodendri chinensis cortex, and the quality of the introduced phellodendron bark in Beijing Medical Plant Garden was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the moisture content, total ash content, extract content, berberine content and phellodendron content of the dry bark of P. chinense introduced in Beijing Medical Plant Garden was (5.63±0.12)%, (7.30±0.12)%, (23.83±1.68)%, (7.02±0.25)% and (0.44±0.01)%, respectively, which met the requirements of Phellodendri chinensis cortex of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2015, PartⅠ). Compared with the cultivated and commercial Phellodendri chinensis cortex in the main production area, the index components’ content of Phellodendri chinensis cortex from Beijing Medicinal Plant Garden belonged to the middle level. The results show that the quality of the P. chinense introduced into Beijing Medical Plant Garden is good and it could be used as Phellodendri chinensis cortex, which could provide a scientific basis for the northward migration of the cultivation area of Phellodendri chinensis cortex.
Horticulturae
