Horticulturae
Based on the observation of the apricot tree phenology and the daily average temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours of the corresponding period in Kashi City, and Yecheng, Shache, Bachu and Maigaiti County of Kashi Prefecture of Xinjiang, the relationship between the beginning of apricot flowering and meteorological factors was analyzed using correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that among the various meteorological factors, the lowest temperature has the greatest impact on flowering, followed by the average temperature and sunlight, and the precipitation and other meteorological factors have less influence. The temperature in the study area is positively correlated to the flowering period of the apricot tree. From 1984 to 2019, the minimum temperature and average temperature increase in Kashi from late February to late March was 0.2-1.7℃/10 years. The apricot flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering was ahead of time by 5.3 to 8.7, 3.1 to 5.6, and 2.2 to 3.6 d/10 a, respectively. In apricot flowering period forecasting service, the daily average temperature of north, south and east of Kashi passed through ≥0℃ from day 1 to 34, day 39 to 41, day 37 to 39, or the accumulated temperature passed ≥0℃ before flowering reaching 250, 270-280, and 250-270℃, respectively, or the sliding average temperature of 5 days before the beginning of flowering passed≥12℃ could be used as the basis for predicting the beginning of apricot tree flowering.
In order to research the forest landscape pattern and its influence on the diversity of shrubs in the west of Dongting Lake, based on the forest distribution, the author divided the landscape into 12 types and constituted landscape plaques by amalgamating adjacent sub-compartment. What’s more, combined with Shannon-wiener index, the author deduced the edge effects of shrubs as the edge weights to establish the model and coupling network. The results showed that the coupling network had both scale-free and small-world characteristics, for it had a power-law distribution of node degrees. The node degree and betweenness had a positive correlating high order curve, which indicated that the higher node degree, the more importance it was in the net’s connection. What’s more, the older the trees, the higher density and clustering coefficients, so that the stronger stability the network was. It could be learned from Changde forest station that the node strength had a positive value in a total, although some of them had either positive or negative value and this type of landscape pattern distribution would promote the diversity of shrubs.
In order to select the best soil water content and study the tolerance of materials, 1-year Feijoa seedlings were treated with different soil moisture content (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) and normal management was taken as contrast. The author studied the characteristics of morphology and physiological and biochemical (POD and SOD), the option content of soil moisture on seedling growth was screening. The results showed that: all seedlings were grown in different soil water content. When the water content attained more than 80% ,seedlings appeared flooding stress and grown more fast, SOD and POD activities increased gradually with the stress time extending; When Lower than 20%, seedlings appeared drought stress, and their growth were retarded, meanwhile SOD and POD activities showed the trend of declining first and then increasing. The conclusion indicated that 40%-50% soil water content was the best for seedlings grown in this range. And the texting materials had the tolerance for different water content in a long time (within 50 days).
Based on the definite rape varieties in the project area, according to the higherseedrate, the high cost of field management and low utilization of fertilizer and pesticide of the traditional rape in the production. After many years of accumulated experience, Agricultural Technique Extension Station, Long Yang District has a set of synthesized technology integration of high-efficiency production which includes minimum tillage and no-tillage cultivation，the ditching with machine, suitable sowing time, a one-off thinning and ascertaining quantities seedling, simplifying efficient fertilizer treatments, by unifying management to breeding strong seedlings, machinery prevent aphids ,and so on, and screened two early maturity, high quality, high yield and with stronger drought rape varieties-cloud oil hybrid 2, cloud attar 9, which were extended in the rape production areas and similar climate surrounding earlier maturity rape areas in Yunnan, and have lifted expanding of rape planting area. The project established the high-yielding sample rape area of 680 hectares, the average yield was 3478.5kg/hm2, which increased by 18.6% with compared non-demonstration zone, the average yield increased 545.1kg/hm2, the new total output was 370,500kg, the value was 185.33 million yuan，and reduced expenses of 825yuan/ hm2, rape area of 680 hectares may reduce 56.1 million yuan , by the widespread radiation and driving, the average yield increasing of rapeseed was 150-225kg/hm2, which brought very significant economic benefits and social benefits.
Tea polyphenol is one of the characteristic ingredients in tea, which is about 20%-30% of the total quantity of dry matter. Because of tea polyphenol contains multiple active hydroxyl, which makes it has multiple health care functions such as: antioxidation, anti-aging, sterilize, prevent old cardio-cerebral diseases, which had become the hot spot in medicine, food, the development of animal husbandry etc, and had developed hot tea polyphenols tablet, capsule, weight loss products, beauty products, etc. The antioxidant, sterilizing and anti-aging of activity tea polyphenol so strong that could act as antioxidants in cereals, oils and foodstuffs, aquatic products, meat products, the convenient food had good application aspects. And it also could rise to fight bacterium diminish inflammation, reduce weight, step-down, such as effectiveness could in medicine, hairdressing, etc widely applied. At the same time, it also could use in chemical industry, animal husbandry, etc.
In order to explore some causes why pine needles turned yellow and many Chinese pine trees gradually died at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China in spring 2010, a field investigation was conducted on the external morphology and the root characteristics of Chinese pine, and meanwhile soil physical and chemical properties and site conditions were also investigated and analyzed. It is found that for most of Chinese pines trees, the pine needles of their whole plants turned yellow, their fine roots withered and shriveled, and mycorhiza were rotten and died. The high salt content was found in surface soils, and the roots absorbed the large amounts of salts and lost the function of absorbing water and nutrients, which led to the emergence of yellow pine needles and the death of the whole plant. Some factors (such as small growth space, high soil density, poor soil ventilation and heat radiation) were not in favour of normal growth of Chinese pine. Moreover, a great amount of snow-melting agent was applied around Chinese pine at the Tiananmen Square after snow in winter 2009, which was a direct cause leading to the death of Chinese pine. In order to protect the achievement in afforestation and visual effects, the corresponding technical measures and suggestions were presented to prevent the hazards of snow-melting agent and to overcome the current status of adverse site conditions.
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of different additives on fresh or wilted red clover silage. The red clover during full flowering stage was moved and ensilaged in bags. Three additive treatments were designed. They were control without additive, formic acid (6 mL/kg silage) and sucrose (2%). The silage was sampled and analyzed after 360 days of storage. The fermentation quality of silage was improved in the formic acid or the sucrose treatment. The pH of red clover silage was extremely significantly improved under wilt conditions (P<0.01), but lactic acid was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01). The pH and the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in the red clover silage were extremely significantly decreased in the formic acid or the sucrose treatment (P<0.01), but the lactic acid was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). The dry matter recovery of silage was significantly increased in the formic acid treatment (P<0.05). The nitrate content of red clover was reduced after being ensilaged.
To study the homology and evolutionary relations among CHS (chalcone synthase) genes, CHS gene in Petunia hybrida, Vilm. was took as explants material, base distribution, amino acids composition, prediction of hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and multiple alignments with other 10 species were analyzed by the software and bioinformatics web site. The results showed that the mRNA single sequence contained 1170 bp base, the number of amino acids encoding protein was 389 and its relative molecular mass was 42580.02, Leucine achieved the highest content of 10.80%, hydrophobic maximum value was 2.038, hydrophobic minimum value was -2.208, and no obvious hydrophilic or hydrophobic area. The homology of multiple alignment of the amino acid sequence for CHS genes in 11 species achieved 80.55%. The results showed that the genes were in a stable state, encoded proteins were hydrophilic protein, and the evolutionary process was conservative. The conservative sequence information achieved in these CHS genes laid a foundation for other new CHS gene cloning.
Besides the wetland reserves, the wetland park is an important component of wetland conservation system, and it is a management approach that is adopted to protect the natural or artificial wetland which is affected by human beings but still has its conservation value. In order to make healthy and orderly progress of wetland parks in China, some ideas are presented and discussed in this paper using the Chang Guangxi Wetland Park in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China as the study field. They are function zoning and general layout of the wetland Park, wetland park landscape construction, publicity and education engineering construction, scientific research monitoring, tourism infrastructure construction, health and safety engineering construction, park’s staging construction, construction management, etc.
To accurately master the biological characteristics of Begoniaceae Begonia fimbristipulata Hance., and to better protect the unique local plant resources, further research and additional revise have been made on this species' six features, such as generic names, botany forms, environmental growing distribution, growing habits, collecting process and medicinal functions, through years of field investigation, domestication, cultivation of Begonia fimbristipulata Hance. in Dinghushan Mountain. The biological data of Begonia fimbristipulata Hance. has been systematically perfected in order to provide scientific evidence for this species' protection and correct use.
Abstract: Nanguo pear is the special local product of Anshan, Liaoning. General production and main research development of Nanguo pear was introduced in this article. Multiplication of superior cultivars，standardized planting, further processing , supportive policy and so on were suggested to promote the sustainable development of Nanguo pear industry.
In this study, different fruit-setting methods such as girdling, tying wire and spraying GA3 were used in the florescence period of Dongzao (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao). The effects of those methods on both the endohormone contents (IAA、ABA、GA、ZR) in leaves, blooming flowers, young fruits, flower-buds, shatters and the fruit-setting rate were analysised in order to discuss the function of different fruit-setting methods. The result showed that, girdling and spraying GA3 could effectively improve the balance of endohormone contents in Dongzao trees, integrating the two methods could improve the fruit-setting rate of Dongzao evidently. The effect of tying wire on improving the fruit-setting rate was not as good as girdling and the effect on the endohormone contents had not obvious difference with control. At the same time, there were some shortcomings in the method of tying wire, so that this method could not be used on Dongzao.
This paper aims to study the optimum dosage and control effect of 3 insecticides, spinetoram suspension concentrate, Empedobacter brevis suspension concentrate and emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule against cherry drosophila, and to provide a scientific basis for the production and application. The field trial was conducted by routine spraying. 60 g/L of spinetoram suspension concentrate (24, 30 and 40 mg/L), 5% of emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule (5.00, 6.25 and 8.33 mg/L) and 10 billion spores/mL of Empedobacter brevis suspension concentrate (1.00×10 7, 1.11×107 and 1.25×107 spores/mL) could effectively control cherry drosophila, the field efficacy was 89.02%-95.53%, 86.99%-91.87% and 87.40%-92.28%, respectively. Based on the experiment results and the ecological safety, the 3 insecticides are ideal agents to control cherry drosophila, it is recommended that 60 g/L of spinetoram SC at 30-40 mg/L, 5% of emamectin benzoate WG at 6.25-8.33 mg/L and 10 billion spores/mL of empedobacter brevis SC at 1.11×107-1.25×107spores/mL are sprayed alternately in the period of cherry fruit expansion and fruit color change to delay the onset of resistance.
For the Volvariella volvacea V37 under the liquid culture industrialization production provides the concrete reference formula to the straw mushroom, and plants each kind of environmental condition request in the production process. The Volvariella volvacea V37 under the liquid culture conditions was studied, the different culture medium formula, the raise temperature, liquid volume in the bottled, the inoculation rate, pH and the culture time to its mycelium biomass were influenced. The results showed that: the optimal fermentation medium was formula B. Medium capacity 80 mL, inoculation rate 10%, pH was 6 to 9, the optimal culture conditions were temperature 30-32℃ and the culture time was from 6 days to 8 days.
By investigating and analyzing medicinal flowering plants of Hohhot Xiaojinggou ecological park, the results appeared in the wild flower plants with medicinal value of 53 families, 143 genera, 253 species, of which most species of composite, a total of 19 genera, 36 species 14.22% of the total number of species, followed by 12 genera and 28 species of Leguminosae, 11.06% of the total number of species; which antipyretic plant contained the largest number of subjects, a total of 19 families and 71 species, accounting for 28.06%. There were 5 families and 6 species Mongolia specific medicinal plants in it, accounting for 2.37%, and proposed ways to protect and use.
Horticulturae
