Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.9 Published:25 March 2013

  23

  Advances of Researches in Plant Density Effects on the Wheat Yield and Population Quality 2013, 29 (9):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1611 Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 514379KB )   ( 1162 ) Rational close planting is the important cultivation measure to achieve high yield and reasonable population structure. This article reviewed the influence of plant density on yield of wheat from grain yield, its components and population quality. These studies showed that: the effect of plant density on wheat yield and population quality indexes was significant. Plant density can coordinative the relations of the panicle per unit area, grain number per ear and 1000 grain weight to achieve high yield. It also controlled the changes of population structure effectively, to make it more reasonable.

  The Relationships Between Physiological and Biochemical Indexes and the Yield Characteristics of Rice Under High Temperature Stress 2013, 29 (9):  5-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1530 Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 774984KB )   ( 756 ) The aim of the paper was to study the differences of the effects that the high temperature produces on the seed setting rate and grain weight and the relationship between the physiological and biochemical indexes, and also to find the best period to study the high-temperature resistance variety and high temperature sensitive variety. This paper utilized high temperature stress to treat the high temperature sensitive variety at different stages. The results indicated that in grain-filling and seed setting stages, the high-temperature resistance variety still maintained the higher level and the differences between varieties was significant. The increase of soluble sugar content of the high-temperature resistance variety (64%) exceeded the increase of soluble sugar content of the high-temperature sensitive variety (32% ). And the increase of soluble protein content of the high-temperature resistance variety was significant (Which had increased of 41%), while the high temperature sensitive variety reduced greatly (Which had reduced 16% ). The high temperature stress occurring on the grain-filling and seed setting stages could distinguish the high-temperature resistance variety and high temperature sensitive variety, and it also maintained a high lever of seed setting rate and seed weigh, so the grain-filling and seed setting stages were probably the best periods to research the high-temperature resistance variety and high temperature sensitive variety.

  Fertility Differences Analysis of Hybrid Rice‘Pei’ ai64S’ in Changsha, Haikou and Nanchang 2013, 29 (9):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1900 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 568529KB )   ( 626 ) In order to analyze the fertility expression of one kind of super hybrid rice, we selected the photo-/ thermo-sensitive genetic male lines‘Pei’ai 64S’, three different climatic regions were Hainan, Hunan and Jiangxi. The results showed that, the same CMS in different climatic regions there was a big difference in their sensitive period,‘Pei’ai 64S’in Changsha the sensitive periods in the 0-8 days before flowering, ieⅦ,Ⅷperiod. In Haikou theⅢ,Ⅳperiods were the sensitive period; In Jiangxi, theⅢ,Ⅳperiods were the sensitive period. Under natural conditions, CMS 64S in Changsha in 2010 from July 17 to October 7, pollen sterility almost all of > 98.0%, other time fluctuate large. In Haikou, from May 11 to October 18 in 2010. The pollen sterility were greater than 99.50% from 11 May to 18 October, seed-setting rates all less than 0.50% . In Nanchang in 2010 from July 12 to October 11, pollen sterility almost all of > 97.0% , seed-setting rates fluctuate between from 0.00% to 0.85%. Thus, the seed in Haikou, the most secure, and stable sterility longest, as long as five months.

  A Study on Rice Drought Assessment in Hunan 2013, 29 (9):  16-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2233 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 3719804KB )   ( 701 ) In order to study the quantitative assessment of drought impacts on double cropping early rice, double cropping late rice and single cropping rice, the correlation analysis was applied between comprehensive meteorological drought index, water deficit index and drought covered ratio, drought inundated ratio, yield reduction per unit area in each growth stage of each cropping rice, then drought sensitive period of each cropping rice was determined. The weights of comprehensive meteorological drought index and water deficit index which were combined into a comprehensive evaluation index of each cropping rice were calculated, based on the correlation coefficient. Based on the comprehensive evaluation index and combined with the drought-resistant ability, the assessment models of each cropping rice about drought covered ratio, drought inundated ratio and yield reduction per unit area were built by multiple regression equation. The results showed that: (1) seasonal drought was a significant characteristic in Hunan Province. As for double cropping late rice, the frequency of drought had no significant difference among each growth stage; the drought sensitive period was the turning green to tillering stage and the spike differentiation stage. For double cropping early rice and single cropping rice, the frequency of drought had a significant difference between each growth stage, the high frequency appeared in the late stage of rice growth, and that was also the drought sensitive period. (2) The historical fitting rate of drought disaster assessment model for double cropping early rice was 77.6% in the same levels, it increased to 91.1% while the difference was under a rank. For double cropping late rice, the fitting rate was 70.9% in the same level and 83.0% while the difference was under a rank. For single cropping rice, the fitting rate became 61.8% and 84.5%. The rice drought disaster assessment model which was built based on the factors of precipitation, water demand and water supply had a clear physical meaning and a high accuracy. It could be used to provide technical support for quantitative assessment of drought impacts on rice.

  Analysis on the Influence of Different Seasons on the Expression of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability of Oryza sativa L. 2013, 29 (9):  25-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2372 Abstract + ( 809 )   PDF ( 625338KB )   ( 575 ) In order to explore the influence of different seasons on the expression of distinctness, uniformity and stability of Oryza sativa L. and provide practical experience and theoretical support for the DUS testing in Hainan, in this paper, according to the testing theory and technology of distinctness, uniformity and stability of Oryza sativa L., based on 4 growing cycles of the 4 rice materials, the influence of different seasons on the expression of related characteristics were analyzed. The results indicated that, during the 4 independendt test cycle, excluding the awn, the observations of quality characteristics were consistent. The expression of 14 pseudo-qualitative characteristics was not effect the conclusion of assessment of DUS. The difference of 10 qualitative characteristics in the analysis of variance was obvious, but the application varieties and similar varieties were consistent. The conclusion of assessment of DUS was not changed. There was no obvious difference of the expression of other 17 qualitative characteristics which were visual assessment. Therefore, there was no obvious difference of assessment of DUS during different seasons for DUS testing of rice in Hainan. Considering the multiple places and multiple seasons for the DUS testing was useful for tropical area to accelerate the development of rice variaty protection.

  The Evaluation Model of Low Temperature Influence on Rice in Autumn in Guizhou Province 2013, 29 (9):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3292 Abstract + ( 701 )   PDF ( 619986KB )   ( 626 ) In order to monitor and warn the disaster of low temperature in autumn, and assess the impact of the disaster on unfilled rice rate, the author conducted the study. Using many years observation data of rice in Guizhou Province, the author analyzed the correlation of unfilled rice rate and meteorologic elements by statistic methods. The results showed that: the average temperature in heading and flowering period impacted unfilled rice rate seriously, and temperature in different stages had different influence on rice. Rainy weather caused rice rate decrease. Negative accumulated temperature was better than usual index to represent intensity of low temperature in autumn. Meanwhile, in order to provide basis for monitoring and early warning of low temperature in autumn in Guizhou, meteorological model of rice yield loss also was established in this paper.

  Study and Development on the Decision Support System of Precise and Quantitative Cultivation of Seedling Broadcasting of Rice in County Scale 2013, 29 (9):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2160 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 1119380KB )   ( 770 ) To promote the application of the precise and quantitative cultivation technique of seedling broadcasting of rice in production, by means of collecting data, building decision model and designing procedure, taking Jiangyan City as an example, based on Visual Basic 6.0 and MapObjects 2.3, the study had developed the Decision Support System V1.0 of the precise and quantitative cultivation of seedling broadcasting of rice. It turned out that, the system had achieved the desired goal which covered many aspects such as E-map navigation, basic data query, decision support, knowledge lands, assistant tool and system help, and had the characteristics of friendly interface, easy and simple to handle, full function and strong application. By practice, the system was useable and dependable, easy to use, and had high customer satisfaction. It could be used as a high-quality informationize aided platform of the precise and quantitative cultivation technique of seedling broadcasting of rice to promote and apply it in production.

  Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Seedling Growth, Reactive Oxygen Species and Photosynthetic Characteristic of Wheat Under UV-B Stress 2013, 29 (9):  43-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2295 Abstract + ( 1360 )   PDF ( 854156KB )   ( 1062 ) ML7113 wheat seedling was used for test materials for the purpose of investigating the effects of exogenous nitric oxide on wheat seedling growth, reactive oxygen species and photosynthetic characteristic under UV-B stress. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was selected as an exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor, and the seed of wheat was pre-soaked with 0.1 mmol/L SNP for 24 h. Under the UV-B stress conditions, there were four treatment groups including control group (CK), ultraviolet ray UV-B stress treatment group (B), UV-B and sodium nitroprosside composite treatment group (B+SNP) and sodium nitroprosside individual treatment group (SNP). 7 days sampling after treatment respectively was selected to measure soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, MDA, O2-, H2O2, stomatal density, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that, NO donor SNP could significantly increase the plant height of wheat-seedling after UV-B stress and soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents in leaves increased by 19.69%, 15.25% and 41.36%. At the same time, stomatal density of leaf positive surface increased by 10.34%. SNP could make photosynthetic pigments contents (chlorophyll and carotenoid) improve by 12.43% and 5.99%, and SNP could significantly raise their chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 by 0.5% and 5.16% compared with CK. Meanwhile, SNP could respectively decrease the level of MDA and H2O2 by 27.30% and 74.92% compared with CK and O2- producing rate significantly reduced by 24.47% . Related physiological indexes material content increase was needed to response to the wheat seedling damage under UV-B stress. While appropriate concentration of exogenous NO (0.1 mmol/L) could alleviate wheat seedling damage effect under UV-B stress. Consequently, exogenous NO could enhance wheat stress adaptive capacity under UV-B stress.

  Inheritance of Stripe Rust Resistance in Thinopyrum ponticum-derived Wheat Introgression Line CH7102 2013, 29 (9):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2359 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 559585KB )   ( 717 ) This study aimed at determining the response to Chinese stripe rust races, the origin and inheritance mode of resistance gene in a new Thinopyrum ponticum-derived wheat introgression line CH7102. Seedlings of Th. ponticum (accession R431), CH7102 and its resistant parent partial amphiploid‘Xiaoyan 7430’as well as all wheat parents were evaluated in the greenhouse using CYR31 and CYR32, the most widely virulent and predominant pathotypes in China. CH7102 was crossed respectively to susceptible cultivars‘Taichung 29’and‘Mianyang 11’and the lines containing known resistance genes, and the resulting segregating populations F2, F3 and BC1 were used for genetic analysis of stripe rust response and allelism tests of resistance gene in CH7102. When inoculated with race CYR32 at the adult plant stage, F1 plants from both crosses showed infection types (IT) similar to the resistant parent, indicating that resistance was dominant. The segregation ratios in the F2 and BC1 populations and F3 lines were consistent with those expected for segregation at a single locus. When tested with the same race at the seedling stage, the segregation for resistant and susceptible showed a good fit with a 15:1 ratio in all F2 populations from crossing CH7102 with five lines containing known resistance genes. The stripe rust resistance in wheat-alien introgression line CH7102 was controlled by a single dominant gene, presumably having been transferred from T. ponticum. Based on the result from allelism tests, the resistance gene in CH7102 was different from the known effective resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 Yr24/ Yr26 and Yr41, and is possibly a new gene for resistance to stripe rust.

  Effect of Post-anthesis Nutrient Regulation on Dry Matter Production, Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Remolilization During Grain-filling in Winter Wheat 2013, 29 (9):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1595 Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 602519KB )   ( 615 ) Post-anthesis nutrient regulation has been regarded as a promising way to delay premature senescence and increase kernel size in agronomic practices. In order to determine the effect of post-anthesis different nutrient regulation strategies on both dry matter production and N translocation for high yielding winter wheat, in addition to providing the theoretical support on post-anthesis nutrient regulation for high yielding winter wheat, we conducted a research in field involving post-anthesis once N fertilizer, fourth N fertilizer, spraying KH2PO4 to investigate effect of the each treatment on grain-filling and remobilization of N. Under favorable high yield conditions, control (without inputs of N) attained 8.7 t/hm2. Even though under high yield conditions, post-anthesis nutrient regulation could increase yield (once N fertilizer 8.9% , fourth N fertilizer 9.9% , spraying KH2PO4 11.6% ) in comparison with control. Compared with control, post-anthesis nutrient regulation not only increased post-anthesis dry matter and N uptake, but also promoted remolibition of assimilate and N stored in vegetative tissues. Consequently, it was proposed that, assuring the adequate N situation in combination with spraying KH2PO4 could mitigate earliness induced by stress and improve the grain filling process.

  Analysis of Impact on China Wheat Potential Productivity of Climate Change During 1961-2010 2013, 29 (9):  61-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1536 Abstract + ( 1548 )   PDF ( 1905683KB )   ( 1159 ) In order to assess the characteristics of wheat potential productivity in China and find the climatic reasons of the potential productivity change, the period from 1961 to 2010 was divided into two stages, i.e., 1961-1990 and 1991-2010, then the agro-climatic resource was analyzed and compared. This research employed the Argo-ecological Zones model 3.0 to simulate the impact of occurred climatic change on potential productivity of wheat in China. Compared the period from 1961 to 1990 with the period from 1991 to 2010, the simulation results showed that, because of the change in the heat, moisture condition and crop cycle, increase in the potential yield of wheat mainly took place in the northeast, north and Sichuan Basin owning to the favorable influence of climate change. In contrast the northwest and southeast China experienced a reduction in the potential yield. The suitable areas for growing winter wheat had moved northwards obviously. And the suitable area of rain-fed spring wheat was reductive in the transition band of half moist and half arid climate area. The total potential production of rain-fed wheat reduced 5% in China, but it did not change obviously for irrigate wheat. It was the most obvious that, the total potential production of rain-fed and irrigate wheat increased in Northeast of China under global warming background. The production of China wheat needs to utilize climate resources and optimize the overall arrangement rationally, in order to adopt the influence brought in climatic change.

  Influence of Temperature Changes on the Seedling Emergence Rate of Maize in Sowing Date 2013, 29 (9):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2343 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 667477KB )   ( 657 ) In order to cope with climate change, master the temperature characteristics on the maize emergence date, and provide evidence for scientific adjustment of maize sowing date, the author analyzed the influence of temperature changes on the seedling emergence rate of maize, applied the method of sowing in different period. The results showed that the seedling emergence rate of maize increased with the temperature raising. There was a logarithm function relation between the emergence rate and average temperature from the middle the days of April to the first ten days of June. There was a linear correlation between the emergence rate and effective accumulated temperature above 12.0℃. There was an exponential regression correlation between the emergence days and active accumulated temperature. For maize sowing, steadily pass 12℃was the initial temperature, 14.0-18.0℃was the more suitable temperature, above 18.0℃was the most suitable temperature. And the same effect rule of the topsoil temperature did to emergence rate. The sowing initial temperature steadily pass from 10℃to 12℃was appropriate.

  The Analysis of the Na+ and Cl- Contents in the Leaves of Areca catechu L. Under Different Growth Conditions 2013, 29 (9):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2191 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 777858KB )   ( 741 ) The objective of study was to analyze the Na- and Cl- dynamic of the arecanut leaves from different yield levels, different growth years and the ones with yellow leaf disease. The leaves were collected from normal fruit-bearing arecanut in different production levels and different growth years and those of yellow leaf disease for the experimental materials. The results showed that the Na + content was high in leaves. The average Na + content was 1.9%. The Na+ content of the arecanut leaves had not a significant change, and which didn’t show a line trend with arecanut yield varying. The differences in Na + content between normal arecanut leaves and ones with yellow leaf disease was not significant. The Cl- content of arecanut leaves decreased with yield declining, The Cl- content of arecanut leaves in the middle- and low-yield groups decreased by about 30% and 45% than that in high-yield group, respectively. The Cl- content of yellow leaf disease was 60% lower than that of high-yield group, and was 28% lower than that of low-yield group. Na+ content of Arecanut leaves decreased with the growth time. However, the Cl- content of arecanut leaves had no significant change with growth time increasing. There was no significant difference between different grades in productions, Na+ declined along with arecanut growing time increasing. Arecanut leaves with the high yield have relatively high Cl-, and Cl- content of arecanut with yellow leaf disease was significantly lower than that of the normal arecanut, Cl- content has not an obvious linear trend with the growing time.

  Primary Research on the Technology of Rapeseed Undersowing Rice of the Mode of Rapeseed-early Season Rice-late Season Rice 2013, 29 (9):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3377 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 560332KB )   ( 627 ) In order to overcome season contradiction of the rapeseed-early season rice-late season rice cropping system in Jiangxi Province and ensure the high yield of the mode of rapeseed-early season rice-late season rice, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of the mode rapeseed undersowing rice on growth and yield of rapeseed under the double cropping late rice field. The results showed that, the ontogeny of rapeseed undersowing rice was inhibited, rapeseed plants were thin, the number of pod and grain per pod, 1000 grain weight were relatively smaller comparing with no-tillage direct seeding after rice harvesting, but the number of rapeseed plants per hectare was the highest in all. It could take advantage of the growth superiority and get the highest yield, (1680.59 kg/hm2), which was 30.49% higher than the former. And it could get highest net benefit, 3044.95 yuan/hm2, which was 2.3 times than the former.

  Symbiotic Matching Between Soybean Rhizobium and Vegetable Soybean Cultivars Under Vegetable Soybean Intercropped Sugarcane 2013, 29 (9):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2089 Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 586334KB )   ( 757 ) In order to improve the economic effect of sugarcane and vegetable soybean, screen highly effective soybean rhizobium, two vegetable soybean varieties‘Qixing1’and‘Huachun4’and two rhizobums CW and XFN-1 were used as materials to evaluate the effect of inoculation as related to varieties under intercropping. The results showed that, inoculating rhizobiums CW and XFN-1 on the‘Qixing1’and‘Huachun4’, the ability of produce nodulation was improved significantly. The yield of‘Huachun4’with rhizobium CW increased significantly, but that of‘Qixing1’reduced slightly. So the production should be the main index of evaluation of rhizobiums with soybean varieties matching. The soybean cultivars nodulation ability was only one index evaluating rhizobiums with soybean varieties matching. Under intercropping conditions, the fresh pod yield per hectare of‘Huachun4’was 7846.9 kg, and the benefit was 28249 yuan per hectare, the pod stalk yield was 9499.9 kg, and the benefit was 19000 yuan. Inoculation of rhizobium CW increased‘Huachun4’yield significantly. The fresh pod yield per hectare was 9418.0 kg, and the benefit was 33905 yuan, the pod stalk yield was 11172.0 kg, and the benefit was 22344 yuan. So the benefits of the harvesting fresh pod were much higher than the pod stalk. Furthermore, the benefits of inoculation of rhizobium CW were increased 20% than no inoculation treatment. Inoculating rhizobium CW on‘Huachun4’, the single plant seed pod number, more seeds pod weights, 100-seed fresh weight were increased significantly, while the other agronomic characters were no effects. Consequently, the biological nitrogen fixation could coordinate soybean nutritional growth and promote reproductive growth. Thereby, improving the soybean yields were under the rhizobium matching with soybean varieties.

  Effect of Different Cropping Patterns Transformed from Paddy Field to Dry Land on Agricultural Products Service Value and Soil Fertility in Earthquake-stricken Area 2013, 29 (9):  89-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2097 Abstract + ( 736 )   PDF ( 675858KB )   ( 680 ) Based on drought and water shortage of paddy field in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken Area, a two-year field experiment, designed for five different cropping patterns in paddy field which transformed from paddy field to dry land, was conducted to examine effect of maize growth characteristics, grain yield, agricultural products service value and soil fertility. The results showed that: annual grain yield of dry farming cropping patterns increased by 1.55%-24.20% comparing with rice-wheat rotation. Soil bulk density of 10- 20 cm soil layer increased by 7.69%-13.85% after soil transformed from paddy field to dry land, and cropping patterns of both inter-planting and relay-planting were higher than that of rotation systems. Soil alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphor and available potassium increased by 1.48%-28.16% , 181.66%-436.56% and 42.47%-157.68% respectively after two-year transformation from paddy field to dry land. Agricultural products service value was significantly different among various cropping patterns and different years. Cropping pattern of wheat-summer maize which characterized with high increasing potential yield, low cost, large-scale production, could be chosen as an optimum crash program instead of rice-wheat rotation in early days of earthquake, but rice-wheat rotation should be recovered two years later.

  Effects of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residues and Leaching for Different Kinds of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizers in Tall-fescue Soil 2013, 29 (9):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3253 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 665839KB )   ( 733 ) Percolation basin and field experiment were conducted to study on the effects of soil nitrate migration of different kinds of slow-release fertilizers in tall-fescue lawns soil and select more environment-friendly new fertilizer. Results showed that, compared with urea treatment, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments could reduce nitrate nitrogen content and leaching solution. Compared with PCU30 and IU treatments, the PCU60 treatment became more efficient to reduce nitrate content and leaching amount in 0-90 cm soil layer. In summary, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which could reduce soil nitrate content and leaching losses, was a kind of novel fertilizer with high environmental benefit and promising application.

  Optimization of CaCl2 Extraction of Available Cadmium in Typical Soils 2013, 29 (9):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3196 Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 726037KB )   ( 911 ) In order to study the optimal conditions for extracting available cadmium from different types of soil with CaCl2, different concentrations of CaCl2 were used to extract available cadmium from sierozem and paddy soil with different extraction times. The results showed that: the extracted cadmium by CaCl2 was water-soluble and exchangeable cadmium, and the extracted contents increased with the time prolonged. The extracted cadmium by 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 from paddy soil reached equilibrium after 3 h and accounted for 4.68%-54.90% of the sum of water-soluble cadmium and exchangeable cadmium; the extracted cadmium by 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 from sierozem reached equilibrium after 3 h and accounted for 3.60%-3.89% of the sum of water-soluble cadmium and exchangeable cadmium; the extracted cadmium by 0.1 mol/L CaCl2 from paddy soil reached equilibrium after three hours and accounted for 83.28%-90.32% of the sum of water-soluble cadmium and exchangeable cadmium; the extracted cadmium by 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 from paddy soil reached equilibrium after 3 h and accounted for 44.21%-45.26% of the sum of water-soluble cadmium and exchangeable cadmium. It indicated that 0.1 mol/L CaCl2 was more suitable than 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 in available cadmium extracting for paddy soil and sierozem , and their equilibrium time was 12 h and 3 h, respectively.

  Prediction on Total Nitrogen Content in Different Type Soils Based on Hyperspectrum 2013, 29 (9):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2164 Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 1311577KB )   ( 811 ) In order to find out the sensitive bands for total soil nitrogen content (TN), and to observe the inversion accuracy and stability of prediction models established by various statistical methods. Red soil, lime soil, fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil were selected. Hyper spectral data of these soils were obtained through a ASD Pro FR field spectrometer within the range of 350-2500 nm in the laboratory. Relativity between spectra indices and TN were analyzed. Inverse models used to estimate TN based on sensitive bands were established. Results showed that: the TN was highly related with reflection coefficient (R), reciprocal of logR (1/lgR), the first order differential of the reciprocal of R, the first order differential of the R, the first order differential of 1/lgR and the first order differential of lgR at 2153, 1392, 1853, 528, 1079 and 438 nm, respectively. The stepwise multiple regression equation including reflectance at 895, 1079, 1138, 1149, 2163, 2183, 2336 and 2337 nm was the best model for fitting to the data of TN. The inversion accuracy and stability of prediction model established by stepwise regression method was better than that of prediction model established by the simple linear regression analysis.

  Effect of Fertilizer and Mulch on Soil Water Content Before Sowing and the Relationship Analysis About Soil Water Content and Yield in Fallow Period in Wheat Under Dryland Condition in Drought Year 2013, 29 (9):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2606 Abstract + ( 1113 )   In order to improve soil water condition and increase yield of winter wheat in dryland, field test was carried out to study the effect of different fertilizer and mulch on soil water content before sowing and the relationship between soil water content before sowing and yield in fallow period in wheat under dryland condition. The results showed that, organic fertilizer increased the ratio of water supplement of fallow period, but no significant, film mulch and paper mulch all significantly increase the ratio of water supplement of fallow period. Organic fertilizer and mulch increased the soil water content before sowing at depth of 0-100 cm, 100-200 cm, 0-200 cm, 0-300 cm, and the effect of organic fertilizer and mulch on the soil water content at depth of 200-300 cm was not significant. The results also showed that, the effect of film mulch on the soil water content was greater than paper mulch and organic fertilizer could increase the extent of film mulch effect on soil water content. Mulching film could increase the soil water content at each soil layers of 40-160 cm under the condition of organic fertilizer, and could increase the soil water content at each soil layers of 40-140 cm under the condition of no fertilizer. Both of fertilizer and mulch all significantly increased yield. The analysis showed that soil water content at depth of 0-100 cm, 100-200 cm, 0-300 cm before sowing had a positive significant relationship with number per ear and yield, and the correlation between soil water content at each soil layers of 20-140 cm and yield, number per ear reached significant or very significant level. So organic fertilizer and mulch in fallow period could increase the soil water content before sowing and could improve yield in wheat under dryland condition, and film mulch with organic fertilizer was the best.

  Influence of Planting Patterns on Main Agricultural Characters and Yield in‘Dinuo278’ 2013, 29 (9):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1605 Abstract + ( 1073 )   To explore optimum composition of high yielding cultivation for local sweet-waxy maize, the influence of fertilization and planting density on main agricultural characters and yield in‘Dinuo278’were researched. The results showed that: root weight and soil bulk density was highly significant negative correlation, and highly significant positive correlation with soil porosity. Differences in leaf area reached a significant level in respective fertilization and planting density treatments. Under certain conditions of the planting density, the affect of fertilization treatments on fresh ear weight were A1 > A2 > A3. Under certain conditions of the fertilization levels, the impact of planting density on fresh ear weight was B1 > B2 > B3. Single ear weight saw a significant positive correlation with plant height, leaf area, ear length and stem diameter. Total production was significantly positively correlated with plant height and single ear weight, highly significant positive correlation with leaf area, ear length, stem diameter and no significant level with ear height and ear diameter. For‘Dinuo278’, the highest yield was got when its planting density was 49500/hm2.

  Preliminary Study on the Effect of Wheat Straw Returning on Growth and Yield of Corn Plant 2013, 29 (9):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2300 Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 569299KB )   ( 1113 ) The experiment is study the effect of wheat straw returning on the growth of corns under the field conditions, in order to provide a scientific basis for the realization of scientific and rational straw returning agronomic measures. The field experiments, setting eight treatments with different amount of fertilizer and straw returning, were carried out to study the influence of wheat straw returning on the seedling growth, maturity biology and economic traits of corns by testing the seedling emergence, root activity and biological traits. With adequate water and fertilizer, and the full amount of the wheat straw returning, the growth situation of corn seedlings was much better than without wheat straw returning and the double amount of wheat straw returning. With the passage of time, the effect of wheat straw returning on the growth of corns was weakening, and corns were growing well. Follow the amount of straw returning form high to low; compared with control group 1, production increased 2861.95 kg/hm2, 2567.34 kg/hm2 and 2525.25 kg/hm2, growth of 68%, 61% and 60% respectively. The results of the corn maturity test showed that, the wheat straw returning could help to reach a significant yield of corns with the totally normal fertilization and poured secondary permeable conditions. By adjusting agronomic measures, the negative effect of excess straw could be mitigated and the adverse effects of straw returning on the next crops could be reduced, so that to increase the yield and quality of corns.

  The Effects of Variety, Sowing Date and Seedling Way on Growth Period and Yield of the Second Quarter of Stem Mustard 2013, 29 (9):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1945 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 559232KB )   ( 632 ) To provide technical support to two quarter tumorous stem mustard of the Fuling District of Chongqing Municipality, the split plot design was adopted to study the effects of different sowing dates, different varieties and seedling ways on growth period and yield of the second quarter of stem mustard. The results showed that, all of them had great impact on the growth period of the second quarter of the stem mustard. With the sowing date was postponed in our experiment, the vegetative stage and tumor stem growing stage were both shortened, the range were 3.5 days and 39.8 days, and the reduction were 2.2% and 41.5% respectively, while the calendar seedling age was growth, the range was 20.0 days, by increasing 60.6% . Compared with‘Yonganxiaoye’, the swelling beginning period of‘Fuza 7th’was moved forward 2.0 days in average, its tumor stem growing stage and vegetative stage was lengthened 6.3 days and 4.3 days respectively, and the squaring period was delayed 4.3 days. Those two seedling ways, by 7 cm diameter nutrition bowl and the 100-hole plastic plug, have the same growth period, while their vegetative stages were 2.0 days shorter than the regular seedling way in the same period, their tumor stem growing stage was 2.7 days longer, and the tumor stem swelling beginning period was moved forward 4.7 days. A1B2C1, which‘Fuza 7th’was sowed at the September 30th, by use of 7 cm diameter nutrition bowl, is the best treatment combination in this test , its yield could up to 72650.0 kg/hm2.

  The Application and Screening of Isolation Medium for Beauveria bassiana 2013, 29 (9):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3943 Abstract + ( 1231 )   PDF ( 702457KB )   ( 1235 ) In order to obtain a proper isolation medium for B. bassiana, through the colony number on the medium of B. bassiana and other bacterial with different concentration of three kinds bacteriostatic agents, to identify which ratio was reasonable that could mix the bacteria and grow better for B. bassiana. The result showed that, the PPDA medium with 70 mg/L dodine, 125 mg/L cephalothin and 138 mg/L kanamycin sulfate was the best. The amount of B. bassiana 30 days after application of two formulation B. bassiana pesticide was detected by this new isolation medium, the data showed that the suspension of B. bassiana were more persistent than granules in field significantly. It was proved that this new selective isolation medium was suitable for application.

  Summary of Hydrogen-production Via Fermentation on Solid Waste 2013, 29 (9):  139-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1404 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 983545KB )   ( 1161 ) This paper summarizes the microbial species anaerobically producing hydrogen, the pathways of hydrogen production and their mechanisms. It highlights on the newly developed science and technology of using cellulose and high starch content agricultural and food wastes, such as crop stalks and fruit pomace, as matrix material to produce hydrogen. By comparing among physical, chemical and biological ways of utilizing these wastes to produce hydrogen, anaerobic fermentation is concluded a very useful and efficient way for this goal. Recent studies have shown that the dark and light fermentation is a promising technique in bio-hydrogen production technique.

  Genetic Transformation of Cassava with Its SBEⅠ Antisense Gene 2013, 29 (9):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2104 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 1070770KB )   ( 725 ) This study aimed to gain transgenic‘SC-8’cassava with the transformation of starch branching enzyme (SBEⅠ) antisense gene, and provide basis for using transgenic technology in the improvement of cassava starch quality. Based on the cassava regeneration system which could take the embryoid cotyledon to complete plants, the SBEⅠantisense gene was transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the tuber-specific promoter Sporamin was used. 517‘SC-8’cassava cotyledons were inoculated which resulted in 7 well grown regenerated plants with a transformation rate of 1.35%. By PCR analysis, the SBEⅠantisense gene products were amplified in 5 regenerated plants which could provide evidence for the combination of SBEⅠantisense gene in cassava genome. The SBEⅠantisense gene can be successfully transformed to‘SC-8’cassava by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. 5 transgenic‘SC-8’cassava plants were obtained.

  A Preliminary Study on Protoplast Preparation Conditions of Streptomyces gongzhulingensis 769 2013, 29 (9):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3471 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 623047KB )   ( 721 ) In order to obtain high yields of the protoplasts of Streptomyces gongzhulingensis 769, this paper described an enzymatic method for that. In this study, spores of S. gongzhulingensis 769 were treated with bacteriolytic enzyme. The optimal conditions, including the concentration of lysozyme, enzymolysis time, enzymolysis temperature and the osmotic stabilizer, were studied via single-factor method. The result indicated that when the spores were treated with bacteriolytic enzyme of 3.5 mg/mL, at 36℃for 3 hours in osmotic stabilizer of P buffer, the regeneration rate of the protoplasts can reach 62.5%. And the protoplasts preparation makes important foundation for the establishing of the protoplast-mediated genetic transformation system of S. gongzhulingensis 769.

  An Immunocytochemical Study of Prolactin-like in A Ciliated Protozoan Stylonychia mytilys 2013, 29 (9):  159-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1538 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 982330KB )   ( 605 ) To further confirm whether similar hormone in the high animal could exist in the protozoa, the research was conducted with the distribution of Rabbit Anti-human Prolactin using the immunocytochemical staining technique in Stylonychia mytilys under optical microscope. The results indicated that pellicle, cirri, adoral zone membranelle (AZM) and undulating membrane (UM) of Stylonychia mytilys were heavily stained and thickly distributed, but cytoplasm were lightly stained and densely distributed. Macronuclei reactions were negative. This was in accordance with the localization of neuropeptide substances in Stylonychia mytilys. That was generally consistent with combining sites of different first antibodies. Because they had not still differentiated or differentiated incompletely, the substances regulating vital movement were still in primary form so that they could took on positive reaction with kinds of antibodies.

  Study on Pressing Technology of Root Tip Chromosome in Medicago sativate L. 2013, 29 (9):  163-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0436 Abstract + ( 1406 )   PDF ( 1324480KB )   ( 743 ) The research aimed to explore the root tip squash technique of Alfalfa and provide references for the chromosome technique. With root tips of Alfalfa as tested materials, which test the pretreatment solution, pretreatment time, fixed-time, staining and staining time. The results showed that, 8-hydroxyquinoline solution for the pretreatment, pretreatment 2.5 h, fixed with carnoy’s fixative 20 h, with a 1 mol/L HCl solution at 60℃, from 8 min, using 45% acetic at room temperature to soften 20 min, stained with Giemsa for the dye 3 h, which was a better way to technical chromosome of Alfalfa. The research provided a new method for the direct identification of polyploid Alfalfa.

  Advances of the ABA and the Salt Stress Tolerance Mechanisms in Plant Signal Transduction Pathways 2013, 29 (9):  167-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1625 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 590432KB )   ( 1214 ) High salinity is the most common abiotic stress factor in environment which impacts on the plant growth. This paper reviewed a series of molecular mechanisms of plant response to salt stress. The mechanism included signal perception, signal transduction, transmission and stress-induced gene expression and the studies on ABA signal transduction and ABA receptors in recent years. The analysis showed that the discovery of the ABA PYR/PYL/RCAR (pyrabatin resistance/ like-pyrabatin resistance/regularly component of ABA receptors) made the ABA signal transduction pathway more clearly, the relationship between ABA and salt stress was defined. ABA had play an important role in salt tolerance of plant signal transduction pathways, and closely related to the salt tolerance of economic crops.

  Quarantine Weed Oxalis latifolia Firstly Found in China 2013, 29 (9):  172-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1794 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 1239200KB )   ( 708 ) Oxalis latifolia was a new quarantine invasive plant found in Kunming of Yunnan Province in 2010. The weed has caused serious damage to production. To understand damage pattern of O. latifolia, forecast its influence on agricultural production of China, and make effective solutions to control the weed, the present study was carried out to review biological and ecological characteristics and the condition of damage and control in overseas. Moreover, the invasive and colonization risk of O. latifolia in China was analyzed by the software of GBIF. Based on the above analysis, the paper purposed the necessary to launch ecological and damage patterns of O. latifolia, the significance to prevent and resolve its spread in China.

  Enzymatic Degradation of Organochlorine Insecticide Chlordane by White Rot Fungus 2013, 29 (9):  178-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1755 Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 708526KB )   ( 828 ) In order to clarify the mechanism of enzymatic degradation organochlorine insecticide chlordane by the white rot fungus Phlebia brevispora, the degradation characteristics of chlordane was determined by the crude enzyme extracted from this strain by pure culture, ultrasonic fragmentation and centrifuge separation. The results showed that, chlordane was degraded about 33.2% and 10.4% by intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzyme within 20 min. At pH 5.0 and 32℃, the crude enzyme showed greatest degradation activity (49.9% ), with its Michaelis-Mentn’s constant (Km) and maximum degradation rate (Vmax) of 3.49μmol/L and 8.38μmol/min, respectively. The results of metabolites analysis indicate that extracellular enzyme can degrade chlordane through dehydrogenation or dehydrochlorination, and intracellular enzyme can transform chlordane to some hydroxylated metabolites through hydroxylation or substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group.

  Aallelopathy Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Invasive Plant Lantana camara of Different Parts in Different Habitat 2013, 29 (9):  184-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0725 Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 675941KB )   ( 571 ) The aim was to study the chemical mechanism of Lantana camara invasion in different habitats in the tropical regions. Receptors of the tropical legume Stylosanthes guianensis, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from different parts of Lantana camara in different habitat were studied by baboratory bioassay in this paper. The results showed that, the aqueous extracts from the different habitats and different parts of Lantana camara had a visible inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth of Stylosanthes guianensis. The seed germination rate, germination index, bud length and root length of Stylosanthes guianensis were all reduced, the inhibition index were increased in the meantime, and the inhibitory effects generally increased with increasing concentrations. But the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts from the different habitats had no significant effects on the seed germination rate, germination index and bud length, but significantly affected root length. The inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts from the different parts of Lantana camara were no significant difference on the seed germination rate and germination index, bud length and root length of Stylosanthes guianensis. It indicated that Lantana camara in the different habitats and in different parts can produce a strong allelopathic substance, to inhibit the germination and growth of other plant seeds. And in warm and humid environment allelopathy was stronger than that in high temperature and drought environment.

  Research Progress on Fresh-keeping Technology of Fresh-cut Vegetables Lingchuan Meng 2013, 29 (9):  190-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2340 Abstract + ( 2384 )   PDF ( 625424KB )   ( 1577 ) Fresh-cut vegetables are very popular for their freshness, convenience and nutrition. However, there are many quality changes during their storage. In this paper, some problems such as browning, fruit softening and decay in their storage were summarized. This paper also analyzed the mechanism of changes in appearance quality, fruit nutrition and growth of microorganism. Some problems were concluded and put forward the problem-solving method. The research progress of some techniques in improving the quality of fresh-cut vegetables during their storage, such as cold sterilization, storage temperature control, MAP storage, using browning Inhibitors and preservatives, coating and packaging, cutting technology were reviewed. With the application of these techniques, the quality of fresh-cut vegetables during their storage will be ensured.

  A Study on Processing Materials of Instant Tea with High Ester-catechin and EGCG Contents 2013, 29 (9):  197-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1917 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 676164KB )   ( 689 ) The aim of this research was to solve the problem of low contents of ester-catechins and EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) in instant tea. Using different processing raw materials of oolong tea or green tea plucked in different seasons and of oolong tea plucked from different varieties, different kinds of instant tea were produced. The contents of ester-catechins and EGCG were detected by HPLC. It was confirmed that the contents of ester-catechins and EGCG in instant oolong tea processed from fall oolong tea were higher than that from spring. The contents of ester-catechins and EGCG in instant green tea processed from summer green tea were higher than that from spring. There were significant differences in the contents of ester-catechins and EGCG in instant oolong tea made from different cultivars and the order followed‘Dancong’>‘Maoxie’>‘Tie Guanyin’.

  Studies on Yogurt Containing Soluble Dietary Fiber from Pear Residue 2013, 29 (9):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2599 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 584120KB )   ( 662 ) The aim was to obtain the manufacturing process and formula of yogurt containing soluble dietary fiber from pear residue. The yogurt was made by soluble dietary fiber from pear residue, blended with milk, whole milk powder and Sucrose. The orthogonal test was used to optimize the formula. Effects of fermentation temperature and fermentation time on yogurt quality were also studied. The results showed that, when added with 6% SDF, 6% Sucrose and 3% inoculums, and fermented at temperature 41℃, time 3 h, good flavor and tastes would be observed.

  Non-destructive Quality Analysis of Wheat Protein Based on SPA-RBF Neural Network 2013, 29 (9):  208-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1947 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 566175KB )   ( 756 ) The traditional detection method of the protein content of wheat was tedious and time-consuming. NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) and SPA-RBF artificial neural network were used to non-destructively measure the protein content of wheat in this paper. A representative set of correction samples was selected by SPXY algorithm, and then the spectral data was pretreated with first derivative and SNV methods to enhance spectral features, on the basis of which, making use of SPA to extract sensitive wave points which are used to establish SPA-RBF neural network model of wheat grain protein. Root-Mean-Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) and prediction correlation coefficient (R) were 0.26576 and 0.975 respectively, which could basically complete the division that was used in grain reserves and food processing profession and breeding preliminary generation. The study showed that: NIRS combing with SPA-RBF neural network could achieve the detection of the protein content of wheat, which could satisfy the need of non-destructive and real-time detection of wheat to meet the development of modern agriculture.

  The Study on Curing Technique at Upper Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety K326 in Chongqing 2013, 29 (9):  213-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3214 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 5401567KB )   ( 522 ) In order to improve the quality of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of the internal chemical composition, the same maturity upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco were cured respectively by three curing technique. The three curing technique were the internal dynamic damper curing technique, the external dynamic damper curing technique and the three-stage curing process. The results indicated that, it was beneficial to improve the value by the internal dynamic damper curing technique with K326 in Chongqing, which made the content of total sugars and reducing sugars be the most closed to the suitable ranges, slightly increased the content of nicotine, reduced the starch content, and kept total nitrogen content sugar alkali ratio in appropriate range. The proportion of middle and superior tobacco leaves was 68.5%, average price was 13 yuan per kilogram.