Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.8 Published:15 March 2013

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  Advances of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods for Pathogenic Microorganism 2013, 29 (8):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3457 Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 533555KB )   ( 1388 ) With the increasing development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) had became an important and indispensable step for guiding reasonably therapy in clinic. So the perfection and development of AST methods were the premise of the acquirement of the scientific and accurate bacterial drug resistant spectrum, and also were the guarantee of the effective treatment in clinic. In order to provide reference materials for the development and perfection of AST methods according to the characteristics of application in different industries, the traditional AST methods were introduced, such as disk diffusion method, dilution method, Etest method and so on. Their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages were briefly analyzed, and the new and fast detection methods in recent years were concluded. In addition, the development and application trend of the AST method were also prospected.

  Comparisons of Vegetation and Soil Nutrient Characteristics of Herders’Pastures at Different Economic Levels 2013, 29 (8):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2346 Abstract + ( 1103 )   PDF ( 848677KB )   ( 714 ) In order to identify the ecological conditions of herders’pastures at different economic levels, based on the households in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, the vegetation and soil nutrient characteristics of herders’pasture at different economic levels were analyzed. The results showed that aboveground biomass was highest in the winter pasture, and there were no significant differences among different treatments (P>0.05); as for soil mechanical composition, the soil sand (1-0.05 mm) content in 0-30 cm soil layer was highest at pastures of herders at low economic level, and soil clay (<0.001 mm) content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were highest at pastures of herders at middle economic level; as for the total nitrogen and available nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer, it showed that winter pasture and pastures of herders at low economic level had the most contents, respectively, and there were no significant differences among different treatments for total nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer (P>0.05); total phosphorus content was highest at winter pasture and lowest at pastures of herders at high economic level, and available phosphorus content was lowest at pastures of herders at low economic level; soils of winter pastures had highest total and available potassium contents, and there were no significant differences among different treatments for total potassium content (P>0.05).

  The Comparative Study of Different Hybrid Combinations of Qinghai Huzhu Bamei Binary Sows 2013, 29 (8):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3252 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 559358KB )   ( 957 ) To protect the local pig breeds and excavate the performance of Qinghai Huzhu Bamei’s production. This study recorded the growth and breeding performance of Qinghai Huzhu Bamei binary sows, which were hybrided by Landrace, Yorkshire and the White Duroc as male parent and Qinghai Huzhu Bamei as female parent, in the cross of Qinghai Huzhu Bamei binary sows and Landrace, Yorkshire and the White Duroc. The results showed that, the birth weight and 21-day weight of Landrace and Bamei binary Aberdeen sow were significantly higher than the other two groups (P<0.01); The gilts nipple logarithmic of Landrace and Bamei and White and Bamei Binary Sow were significantly higher than the Yorkshire and Bamei groups; the growth performance of 2-4 month-old Landrace and Bamei Binary Sow was significantly higher than the White Duroc and Bamei group (P<0.01); the length and bust of the Landrace and Bamei combinations of binary gilts were significantly higher than the other two groups(P<0.01)；the reproductive performance of Landrace and Bamei Binary Sow and the growth performance of piglets were significantly higher than the other two groups(P<0.05).

  Effects of Different Mediums on Goose Embryos Culture in vitro 2013, 29 (8):  18-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2688 Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 488437KB )   ( 767 ) The studies were conducted to investigate the effect of different medium on goose embryo in vitro, 90 goose embryos from natural eggs were cultured in 3 different mediums. The results showed that: the dilute protein of goose eggs (GP) used as culture medium was better than that of chicken (CP) and duck (DP). Survival rate of goose embryo in GP was significantly higher than that in DP at 6th and 15th days (P<0.05), which were 33.33% and 20% respectively. Survival rate of goose embryo in GP was 3.33% at 31 th days, while the survival rate was 0 in other 2 mediums. All the analysis showed that the effect of different medium on goose embryo in vitro because of different culture medium, which in 3 different mediums, GP was suitable.

  Residue Determination of Decoquinate in Eggs by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry 2013, 29 (8):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1710 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 783975KB )   ( 623 ) A rapid, sensitive and reliable high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of DEC in eggs, and the method has been successfully applied to the depletion study of DEC. The eight healthy laying hens fed medicated feed with decoquinate concentration of 27.2 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. The egg samples were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11 after the last dose and homogenized. The compound was extracted by acetonitrile-ethyl acetate using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and purified with OasisTM HLB Solid Phase extraction cartridge. Chromatographic separation was performed on an XTerra C18 reversed-phase column with a mobile-phase of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The analyte was detected by tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry after positive electrospray ionization by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The results demonstrated that the method has high sensitivity with the LOD of 0.2μg/kg and the LOQ of 0.8μg/kg. The calibration curve showed good linearity with the concentrations of 0.8-240μg/kg with the correlation coefficient (R2>0.993). The recovery ranges from 90.7% to 101.8%, and RSD<11.4%. The result of depletion profile of DEC showed that the highest residue concentration of DEC was attained 3 days post-treatment. The residue concentration of DEC decreased to 20μg/kg which was the allowable concentration level of European Commission at 8 days after the last dose. The result showed that the method was rapid and reliable for application in practice.

  Construction of an Enhanced Green Fluorescent (eGFP) Tagged Dinsect -baculovirus Transference Vector ping jingge 2013, 29 (8):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1539 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 1246213KB )   ( 808 ) To construct an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) tagged insect-baculovirus transference system and expressed eGFP by Sf-9 cells. After gp64SP and TM/CTD gene had been amplified from bacmid by PCR, and eGFP gene had been amplified from pEGFP-C3 plasmid by PCR, the three fragments were connected together by SOE-PCR. The recombinant gene digested by Xba I/Hind Ⅲ, it was recombined into baculovirus transference vector pFastBac[PH] to create a novel pFB/LM-PH vector. E.coli DH10Bac was transformed with the pFB/LM-PH vector, a recombinant baculovirus Bv-LM-PH, was obtained with the action of Tn7 transposon. The insect Sf-9cells were infected with the recombinant baculovirus Bv-LM-PH and expressed eGFP. Meanwhile, the Sf9cells infected by the recombinant baculovirus were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. The eGFP expression in infected Sf9cells was proved by inverted fluorescence microscope. The bright green fluorescence was demonstrated in plasma and nuclei of infected Sf-9cells. The novel pFB/LM-PH baculovirus expression system could expressed eGFP efficiently and could became a useful EGFP tagged expression system for detection of the interaction of proteins.

  Analysis of Situation and Development of Horse Racing Industry in Inner Mongolia 2013, 29 (8):  31-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3566 Abstract + ( 970 )   PDF ( 526509KB )   ( 878 ) The present situation of industry development of horse racing of Inner Mongolia was introduced by the author in this paper. Some games of horse racing were summarized on organization and participate in recent years. The problems on development of horse racing were also analyzed in the article. At last, some ideas were put forward. It need to strengthen industry development planning, increase the domestication and breeding efforts, cultivate brand equestrian events and participate in domestic and international games, promote infrastructure construction, strengthen personnel training, deeply develop culture and related tourism. Only in these ways can horse racing industry be further developed.

  Porcine Circovirus Type II Infection Inhibits the Humoral Immune Response to Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine 2013, 29 (8):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3310 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 559907KB )   ( 805 ) To explore the effect of the infection of Porcine Circovirus Type II (PCV2) on the humoral immune response to the pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine, the profile of the antibodies against the PRV vaccine in sera of the piglets infected experimentally with PCV2 were determined. The piglets were randomly divided into two groups. The piglets inoculated with PCV2 and vaccinated against PRV were served as the PCV2 group, and the piglets not inoculated with PCV2 but vaccinated against PRV were served as the control. All the piglets were vaccinated against the attenuated PRV vaccine at 14 days post inoculation (DPI) of the PCV2. The specific antibodies to the viruses in piglet sera were detected with indirect ELISA. By 14 DPI, all piglets in the PCV2 group had developed the viremia to PCV2. At 7 days post vaccination (DPV) against the PRV, the antibodies specific to the vaccine could be determined in most piglet sera, thereafter, the concentration of the vaccine antibodies increased gradually. At 14 DPV, the level of the vaccine antibodies in the control group piglets was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the PCV2 group. At 21 DPV, however, there were no significant differences in the vaccine antibodies level between the two groups. These data showed that the production of the antibodies specific to the PRV vaccine in the experimental PCV2-infected piglets was delayed, and indicated that the PCV2 infection played an inhibitory role on the humoral immune response to the PRV vaccine.

  Screening of Pesticides for Controlling Apophylia flavovirens Fairmaire. 2013, 29 (8):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2797 Abstract + ( 799 )   PDF ( 814433KB )   ( 970 ) The pesticide screening tests were done to order to control Apophylia flavovirens Fairmaire. effectively in salvia fields. The results showed that, all of 9 pesticides have certain toxicity to Apophylia flavovirens Fairmaire. adults, but there was a great difference between each other. In laboratory the control effects of 2 kinds of microbial pesticides including Metarhizium and Avermectin were worse than other pesticides. The control effects of Benzoepin was the best in 4 kinds of chemical pesticide, which the adult corrected mortality made by was up to 97.08 % with the maximum concentration in tests; them of Imidacloprid and Lambda-cyhalothrin were better than Thiamethoxam. The control effects of 3 kinds of botanical pesticides including 1% Matrine SL, 0.5% Veratridine SL and 0.3% Azadirachtin EC were also better than other pesticides, whose corrected mortality treated with the maximum concentration were 97.08%, 96.35% and 77.37% respectively. In field experiment, the control effects of 1% Matrine SL and 0.5% Veratridine SL were better than other pesticides, that 7 days after treatment the control effects of them were 97.04% and 98.25% respectively. And which of 25% Endosulfan EC, 2.5% Lambda-cyhalothrin ME were just 84.17% and 71.33% respectively. Therefore, the control effects of 1% Matrine SL, 0.5% Veratridine SL were better than the other tested ones, which were worthy of application in practice for controlling Apophylia flavovirens Fairmaire..

  Development and Application of Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Chicken Infectious Bronchitis Virus 2013, 29 (8):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3874 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 693656KB )   ( 683 ) The objective of this study was to develop a Real-time RT-PCR assay of chicken Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) and therefore to detect the load IBV quantitatively. A fragment of N gene in IBV was amplified with RT-PCR method, and was cloned into the vector pEASY-T3. Then, the recombinant plasmid containing the N gene fragment was constructed. The standard curve and corresponding linear regression equation of IBV nucleic acid level were developed by Real-time PCR based on SYBR Green I with the recombinant plasmid. This method showed a high specificity and had a detection limit of 5.58×102 copies/μL, and its coefficient of variations was less than 3.2% in the reproducible assays. The virus nucleic acid in tissue samples from chickens inoculated experimentally with IBV M41 strain was quantitatively determined with the established Real-time RT-PCR. The detection results showed that the load of IBV in the kidney was more than that in bronchus and lung after inoculation, and the virus load in the bronchus and lung on 3 days post-inoculation (DPI) were higher than those on 7 DPI and 10 DPI. Moreover, the correlation between the clinical manifestations and viral load was confirmed. The results indicated that this Real-time RT-PCR assay was of high specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility, and could be used for the quantitative detection of IBV.

  Genotype Detection of ESBLs and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis in E. coli Strains from Chickens and Pigs 2013, 29 (8):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2654 Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 1209155KB )   ( 888 ) In order to detect genotype of extend spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) in E. coli isolates from different animal, and explore the influence of ESBLs to E. coli resistance, to instruct to prevent and cure Colibacillosis in veterinary clinic effectively. We detected antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBLs for 102 E. coli strains by NCCLS standard method and Double-disk Synergy Test, and designed and synthetized four pair of primers, studied ESBLs gene type with amplified and analyzed by PCR. The results showed that the ESBLs producing bacteria amplified by PCR with TEM-type and CTX-M-type down-object while SHV-type and OVA-type down-object did not. The detection rate of the ESBLs producing E. coli strains from chickens and pigs is 81% and 6% respectively. CTX-M-type and TEM-type were epidemic genotype of ESBLs in Shandong Laixi Region, and the ESBLs producing E. coli strains from chickens were widespread. We should reinforce monitoring and studying about the ESBLs producing drug-resistant bacteria in order to prevent and cure Colibacillosis in veterinary clinic effectively.

  Research Advances in Sexual Dimorphism of Body Colour in Lizards 2013, 29 (8):  55-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2470 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 522819KB )   ( 960 ) In order to clarify the reasons for the formation of sexual dimorphism and the biological significance in Lizards body colour, the Lizard species with sexual dimorphism in body colour in China were summarized and analyzed on the basis of the existing literatures. The results showed that in the 156 species of Lizards in China, there were 6 families 28 species had sexual dimorphism in body colour, accounting for 17.9%. The body colour sexual dimorphism had a certain relationship with the environmental change and own factors that generally had a courtship display to escape the attack, the role of concealment and camouflage. So, the research on sexual dimorphism of Lizards colour could provided theoretical basis for coloring, and could also provided references for the visual signal formation, the basis of behavior and physiology in sexual selection.

  The Construction Situation of Fish Biodiversity Database in China——a Case of FishBase 2013, 29 (8):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2415 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 489079KB )   ( 1213 ) With the development of the technique of computer and network, the fish biodiversity database had played an increasingly important role in the research work. The work on the biodiversity data has been increasingly important. This paper summarized the main fish biodiversity databases and analyzed the main problems during the construction of fish biodiversity databases. With the analysis of the successful case of FishBase, this study analyzed the main issues during the construction of fish biodiversity database and provided the essential reference for the researchers and managers.

  Effects of Dietary Chitosan on Growth, Lipid Deposition and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus) 2013, 29 (8):  64-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3141 Abstract + ( 1402 )   PDF ( 673800KB )   ( 783 ) The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of replacement of dietary chitosan on growth performance, lipid deposition and antioxidant capacity of juvenile starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. A 64 days trial was conducted with juvenile starry flounder (46.03±0.11) g. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by adding 0 (D0, control), 0.25% (D1), 0.50% (D2), 1.00% (D3) and 2.00% (D4) chitosan into the basal diet to replace equal amountα-fiber. The results showed that: Firstly, with the increasing dietary chitosan content, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and daily feed intake (DFI) of trial animals increased, while Viscerosomatic index (VSI) obviously decreased (P＜0.05). No significant difference was found in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival ratio (SR) (P>0.05). Secondly, Lipid contents of whole fish (WL) in trial groups decreased with the increasing of dietary chitosan, however, significant difference was only found between D4 and D0 group (P＜0.05). There was significant positive correlation between WL and triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), respectively. Thirdly, Total antioxidant capacity of organisms in D4 group was significant higher than that in D0 group (P＜0.05), while no difference was found among the others(P>0.05). Anti-superoxide anion (O2-) activity of fishes in D2 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P＜0.05). Activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and lysozyme (LZM) in fish serum in each treatment increased initially and then decreased, which peaked in D3, D3, D2, and D2 group, respectively. Serum albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP) concentration in trial fishes increased significantly with chitosan addition (P＜0.05). The results indicated that dietary chitosan could improve the growth performance and the antioxidant capacity, while decrease the lipid content in whole body of juvenile starry flounder. . According to WGR and antioxidant capacity, it could be concluded that the optimum level of chitosan in diet of starry flounder (46.03±0.11) g was 0.50%.

  Preliminary Analysis on Foreign Aid Human Resources Development and Cooperation Projects in Fishery—A Case Study on Foreign-aid Training Courses in Freshwater Fisheries Research Center 2013, 29 (8):  71-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2546 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 649856KB )   ( 723 ) To master the dynamic rule of foreign-aid programs on fishery technical training and understand the trend of policy change on fishery technical training programs, the analysis on the training projects organized by Freshwater Fisheries Research Center in recent 30 years was conducted. The results showed that in recent 10 years, the participants trained by the center increased year by year. The ratio of female trainees to all participants reached peak (21.45%) in the period of “Eleventh Five-year Plan”. Moreover, the results indicated that Chinese government attached more significance to providing Foreign Aid Human Resources Development and Cooperation Projects to developing countries and regions in Asia and Africa, especially to neighboring countries. The ratio of female trainees to all participants from Philippine took the first place in top 15 participating countries (in term of the sum of trainees). Despite the same increment of beneficiary countries every five year was kept since 1990s, the average duration of each training course reduced from 80 days to 35 days in the period of “Eleventh Five-year Plan”.

  Development and Application of Colloidal Gold Rapid Test Strip for Sulfonamides in Aquatic Products 2013, 29 (8):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3230 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 1875633KB )   ( 921 ) To establish a rapid detection method of sulfonamides residues in aquatic products. Application the GICA technology developed a rapid detection test strip of sulfonamides in aquatic products. Goat anti-mouse IgG, Immunogen antigen (SDL-HSA) and gold labeled monoclonal antibody three after repeated testing optimized to suitable concentration and spray volume coated to nitrocellulose (NC) membrane and micropore. The test indicated that: the lowest detection limits of SD, ST, SMZ, SMM, SM2, SQX, SMP, SMD of eight kinds of Sulfonamides are 5, 5, 10, 40, 45, 50, 100, 100μg/kg. No cross-reactivity with other veterinary drugs such as streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clenbuterol, ciprofloxacin. The result showed that the test device has high sensitivity and specificity and was easy to operate. It could be the most rapid and convenient means for detection of sulfonamides in the aquatic products.

  The Studies on the Status Quo and Response of Anhui Seed Industry 2013, 29 (8):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1925 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 628524KB )   ( 732 ) This paper first analyzed the development situation of Anhui seed industry: the broad market space, the good business, the strong strength of scientific research, the stability of the production base, the favorable infrastructure, and the significant advantages of personnel. Then, it pointed out the existing problems: such as market concentration was not enough, the lack of vitality of research and innovation, the low level of brand, the instability of personnel, and the trade management was not perfect. Finally, the paper offered the development of seed industry in Anhui: on the basis of the traditional advantages, we should face market, and actively implement the brand strategy, support and help leading enterprises, encourage corporation to merger, guide the SMB to develop for specialization, strengthen research and development, improve research management system, stimulate business innovation activity; attention to personnel training and development, strengthen sector management, improve industry service system. Only adjusting the seed industry strategically, then it would promoted the rapid and sustainable development of Anhui seed industry.

  Emergy Analysis of Optimization Model of Farming and Animal Husbandry in Low Hill Land of Red Soil Region 2013, 29 (8):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2025 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 725289KB )   ( 648 ) In order to discuss the character and advantage of emergy flow, the emergy input and output of optimization model of farming and animal husbandry were analyzed with emergy analysis method, and its indexes of resource utilization, environmental stress and sustainable development were evaluated. Compared to the traditional agricultural model, results showed that, the optimization model had higher production efficiency, more advantageous in price-competition, more powerful self-development and lower environment pressure. So the optimization model was the more potential model for development in the region.

  Study on Differences of Modern Agriculture Development in Country Area of Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains 2013, 29 (8):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2296 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 978463KB )   ( 673 ) This article was mainly study the development of modern agriculture and regional differences in country area in Xinjiang. By using 13 counties (cities) as research unit, which were the most developed areas on modern agriculture in northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, and using 10 indicators as an analysis factor, this thesis established comprehensive score regression model of modern agriculture development level based on factor analysis and cluster analysis. Under this analysis, the author made a comprehensive evaluation on modern agriculture development level of each county by using comprehensive factor score and draws a spatial variation map of the 13 counties (cities) on its comprehensive development level with the help of ARCGIS 10.0 software. The results showed that, the factors which mainly affected the development level of modern agriculture included: input-output factor, modern life factor and ecological factor, among which, input-output factor played a decisive role and its variance contribution rate reached to 47.22%. The result divided agriculture level of the researched area into four groups: developed regions, more developed regions, underdeveloped regions and undeveloped regions. And based on the composite score we could knew that, agriculture level was not balanced in those regions, 54% of counties (cities) were under the average level; there were significant differences on the development level in those areas, decreasing from the center to two sides, which showed a convex space pattern.

  Research on the Learning Demands and Learning Effects of Peasant College Students in Digital Learning Environment——Case Study of Zhejiang Radio and TV University 2013, 29 (8):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3262 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 628003KB )   ( 771 ) The modern distance education in digital learning environment is facing on many problems including poor learning abilities, poor adaptabilities and diversified demands for study of the peasant college students when they are studying in that environment. The research was carried out to investigate and analyze the digital learning ability and learning effect through questionnaires, interviews and other methods. Furthermore, combination of theoretical research and practical results, peasant college student information literacy and entrepreneurship training, mode reform of curriculum teaching and practice teaching, digital learning platform and distinctive digital resources construction were discussed, and innovative ideas and measures were put forward.

  The Study of RMB Exchange Rate on China's Wheat Imports on the Impact of Trade 2013, 29 (8):  105-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2675 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 1071697KB )   ( 811 ) With the worldwide economic ingratiation, exchange rate was playing a more and more important role in the distribution of resource. Besides its active side, the appreciation rate of RMB brings lots of passive influence which couldn't be ignored. During China's import and export trade, wheat occupied a decisive position. The study purpose of this paper was that the RMB exchange rate would how to influence China's wheat import trade, and in view of the different influence we should put forward the different measures. Based on the general principle of the influence on import trade by fluctuation of exchange rate, this paper found an econometric model with C-D function in order to study the influence on China's wheat export trade with the help of regression analysis, ADF test, Co-integration test, Granger test and impulse response function. The results showed that time lag effect exists in the influence on China's wheat import trade by the variation of RMB' nominal rate. But when considering of first-lagged (one month) exchange, the appreciation promotes the wheat import. In this case, anti J-curve effect appeared in our wheat import. In the end, some suggestion has been made from the government, interpreters and farmers.

  Analysis on Income Structure of Rural Residents in Zhejiang and Its Impact on Medical Care Expenditures 2013, 29 (8):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4136 Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 508512KB )   ( 683 ) Empirical analysis was used in the analysis of the income structure of rural residents in Zhejiang Province and its impact on the level of medical care expenditures. It proved that the current level of consumption was to some extent influenced by the past levels of consumption and income. The family-run income made a higher contribution rate to per capita net income, mainly used for the consumption of diet, clothing, housing and other infrastructure, and had a certain degree of negative correlation with medical care expenditures. Wage income made the greatest contribution to per capita net income and also made a great contribution to medical care expenditures which were mainly increased with the raise of wage income. It was highly proposed to speed up the pace of urbanization and to develop the secondary industry and tertiary industry vigorously in order to optimize the income structure to increase the income of the rural residents. It was also highly recommended to promote the development of medical care expenditures and to raise the level of medical care expenditures.

  Thinking about the Training Cassava Industry Professional Technology Talents in Guangxi Through the Combination of Industry, Education and Research LUO Xing-LU 2013, 29 (8):  119-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2689 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 491805KB )   ( 606 ) Cassava production is a competitive industry in Guangxi, accounting for 60% of the acreage of the national cassava production accounts for 70% of the country. Cassava is a quality of starch crop, is also an important biomass energy crops. With the fast developing of Guangxi cassava industry, it had been priority needs of cassava enterprise that training the cassava industry professional technology talents. Practices have proven the combination of industry, education and research is inevitable trend to proceed the reform of higher education and effective way to train the well-qualified cassava industry professional technology talents. Through the combination of industry, education and research, it can reform schools brain cultivation models, improve the quality of talent cultivation and students' employment competence, training the well-qualified professional technology talents for the cassava industry, promote the cassava industry faster development.

  Preliminary Studies on Gravity Irrigation by Pipeline in Border Irrigation of the Ningxia Qingtongxia Irrigation Area 2013, 29 (8):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2279 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 632532KB )   ( 650 ) For investigating the application prospect of gravity irrigation by pipeline in border irrigation, by taking a spring wheat field in Ningxia Qingtongxia irrigation area as the reach object, in gravity irrigation by pipeline condition, this paper investigated the influences of border dimensions (2 m×50 m, 3 m×50 m, 3 m×30 m, 5 m×30 m) on irrigation quality and crop water use efficiency, and analyzed laws of evapotranspiration of the local spring wheat. The results showed that, during spring wheat growing period, in gravity irrigation by pipeline condition the fields were irrigated in the middle period from tillering to jointing stage, the middle period from jointing to booting stage and the late period from heading to flowering stage, and irrigation amount were 667 m3/hm2, 1500 m3/hm2 and 900 m3/hm2 respectively, that were able to meet the needs of local spring wheat production. And in this irrigation condition, the inflow rate was only above 160 L/min, but using smaller area of borders (3 m×30 m, 2 m×50 m) we could get higher irrigation efficiency (88.1%, 85.5%) and irrigation uniformity (90.5%, 86.8%), and hence get higher crop yield (5149.3 kg/hm2, 5085.5 kg/hm2) and water use efficiency [1.07 kg/(mm·hm2), 1.05 kg/(mm·hm2)]. Gravity irrigation by pipeline in border irrigation could be used in some suitable area was demonstrated from the field test aspect.

  Determination of Agricultural Weather Forecast Index in Time for Curtain-Rolling for Solar Greenhouse 2013, 29 (8):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2665 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 650493KB )   ( 597 ) In order to enhance meteorological service capability and make a more reasonable uncover time for manufacture to control heat preservation curtain of solar greenhouse, which will further improve production level and increase economic benefits. By mathematical simulation on uncover time of heat preservation curtain, the author analyzed and verified the uncover time in winter at Ansai County. According to temperature and sunlight data of Ansai County, the auhor could calculate an average uncover time of every 10 days in winter. Meanwhile, with the support of mathematical simulation and weather forecast, the author set up the weather indexs about curtain uncover time, which would guide agricultural production. The results indicated that mathematical calculation and weather index had clear guiding effects, met production requirements, and got expected result.

  Research on the Effect of Optimization and Upgrade of Bulk Curing Barn on the Flue-cured Tobacco Quality 2013, 29 (8):  135-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2913 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 565866KB )   ( 727 ) In order to improve the used materials and design structure of the heat radiating system of the bulk curing barn, the low cost, convenient, durable refractory or ceramic fire tube heat dissipating system was used. The contrast test of the ceramic fire tube heat dissipating system to the steel-made heat system used in practice was completed. The results showed that the heating dehumidifying performance of the bulk curing barn by optimizing the heating system fan increased obviously, the heat exchange efficiency enhanced about 1%, the temperature rising speed enhanced 1.17℃/h and the proportion of mid high grade leaves，production value/ hm2 and average price of the flue-cured tobacco leaf respectively increased by 2.82%, 392.24 yuan and 1 yuan/kg, compared to the steel-made heat system used in practice. The inner quality and sensory smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf were improved significantly.

  Advances in Effects of Biochar on the Soil N2O and CH4 Emissions 2013, 29 (8):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2008 Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 617172KB )   ( 1116 ) In order to study the pathway and mechanism of biochar affecting soil N2O and CH4 emissions, based on comprehensive evaluation of published researches, the factors, pathway and mechanism that biochar affected soil N2O and CH4 emissions were analyzed, the principles of biochar addition in different types of soil were then proposed. The key problems that should be paid attention to in future studies were pointed out: (1) the characters of these two GHG emissions in soil should be explicited, the biochar type should be chosen according to the local soil conditions. (2) The time and amount of biochar addition should be reasonable. (3) Nowadays because of the differences of biochars and soil types that different scholars used, the research conclusions about the effects of biochar on the soil N2O and CH4 emissions were still controversial. In future, the more clear conclusions about the effects of biochar on the soil N2O and CH4 would be attained till the experiments of returning biochar into field according to the local soil type should be continued after the complement of biochar applying standard.

  Plans for the Development of Green Agriculture Based on Biogas Net Construction in China 2013, 29 (8):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2459 Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 651156KB )   ( 811 ) The author presented a modern green agriculture industrialization idea. It is a systematization green agricultural engineering for green farm production and organic livestock production. It based on organic fertilizers' commercial production by using the anaerobic digestion residue from reticular modern biogas engineering system for agricultural and the large scale livestock farm wastes, and healthy animal feed production via mass cultivation of microalgae in biogas slurry. In addition to the benefit of biogas energy production, it was expected to completely solve the problem of agricultural wastes accumulation and the resulting environmental pollution.

  The Evaluation of Land Use Benefit in Urban Fringe Area: An Example of Daxing District, Beijing 2013, 29 (8):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2267 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 780319KB )   ( 783 ) In order to measure the land use efficiency of urban fringe area, reveal the problem of land use, optimize allocation of land resource, the author took Daxing District of Beijing as a study area, and established an indicator system from the aspects of social, economic and ecological benefits, then evaluated land use benefits based on the coordination-degree model and analyzed its spatial variability. The results showed that land use benefit was increasing. The economic benefits was growing fastest, which followed by social and ecological benefits. Because it affected by many factors, people should improve land use benefit by policy guiding and intensive utilization. The effect function method and the coordination degree model could effectively reveal the level and the change tendency of land use benefits in urban fringe area, and was advantageous to the optimization of land resource distribution.

  Spatial Interpolation of the Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Zhalong Wetland Based on Cokriging 2013, 29 (8):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2159 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 948358KB )   ( 684 ) The content of chlorophyll-a not only reflect the water plankton and the distribution of primary productivity, but also the change of content is often used as a basic indicator to measure the extent of eutrophication water. It is useful for monitoring the quality of the water to understand the space distribution features of chlorophyll-a, in order to achieve the timely discovery and make measures to management purpose. The spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a concentration in Zhalong Wetland was useful to water environmental quality. Keqin Lake was located in northwestward of Zhalong Wetland, Xianhe Lake was located in central section of Zhalong Wetland, and Nanshan Lake was located in southwestward of Zhalong Wetland. The three lakes were selected as study area. The correlation was well between the reflectivity of water and the content of chlorophyll. The reflectivity of water could be directly obtained by spectrometer, so it could be used as auxiliary variables in the Cokriging. Based on Cokriging, 48 measured data of the chlorophyll-a concentration were selected as target variable, reflectance as auxiliary variable in Zhalong Wetland. The results of interpolation showed that the chlorophyll-a concentration in southern part of Keqin Lake was low, the value of number was 2.01-5.04 μg/L, and the chlorophyll-a concentration in northern part of Keqin Lake was high, the value of number was 8.13-11.85 μg/L. General trend was increasing from south to north. The chlorophyll-a concentration in central section of Xianhe Lake was the higher. In the three lakes, the chlorophyll-a concentration of Nanshan Lake was the highest, the highest value of number was 20.83.88-23.41 μg/L. The author analyzed the reason of this phenomenon. It was because there were some villages and many cultivated land around the Nanshan lake. Xianhe Lake was the clearest, the bottom of the lake could be seen and the concentration of chlorophyll-a was the lowest; Keqin Lake was grey and the concentration of chlorophyll-a was higher; Nanshan lake was deep grey and the concentration of chlorophyll-a was highest. On the whole, the interference of human factors were serious in southwest of wetland. The results of interpolation were almost consistent to measured data, which reflected the actual situation of eutrophication level of three lakes.

  The Research of Wetland Ecosystem Services Function Valuation 2013, 29 (8):  165-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2439 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 522401KB )   ( 748 ) Purpose of the wetland ecosystem service function value assessment carried out research of lies: how clear and defined wetlands of various ecosystems, the connotation and range provide a way to further clear of wetlands between the eco-system service function as a whole and part, and on this basis on the wetland ecosystem services assessment of the value system and method of assessment, in order to provide recommendations for the application of the assessment in the actual management and decision making. In concluding on the basis of the value of ecosystem services assessment of research results for wetlands in recent years, combined with the typical case study, reveals the major defects of China's current wetland ecosystem service value assessment is the focus on actual case studies, but lack of the basic theoretical research; evaluation system and method to directly apply the formula for a more simple calculation. Finally, based on existing research progress, proposed a full use of the "3S technology" as well as international important wetland detection center technology platform improve the data collection, distribution system, distribution testing and data processing such as monitoring system of the building to promote wetland ecosystem service function value assessment of the proposal for further development.

  The Information Extraction of Freshwater Marsh Wetland Based on the Decision Tree Method: Taking Zhalong Wetland as An Example 2013, 29 (8):  169-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2113 Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 1448392KB )   ( 733 ) In order to achieve timely and accurately basic information about wetland, which can be applied to the dynamic monitoring and protection of the wetland. The author chose zhalong wetland as the research area, during the process of extracting regional remote sensing information by using the TM image data, DEM data, normalized vegetation index, texture information compound identification index, finally the author classified the types of zhanglong wetland through constructing a decision tree model. For checking the feasible degree of method of classification based on decision tree model, the author made a comparison between the traditional maximum classification of supervision and the decision tree model. The results showed that: the decision tree method based on the index was used to classify, classification accuracy increased by 14.6% , overall Kappa coefficient increased by 0.1751, supervised classification accuracy was improved noticeably. Building decision tree classification which adopted multi-source data for extracting information of inland freshwater mire wetland was a very effective approach.

  Impacts of Endogenous and Exogenous Microbial Inocula on Changes of Enzyme Activities and Relationship Between Enzyme Activities and Composting Process 2013, 29 (8):  175-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2151 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 807523KB )   ( 607 ) In order to investigate the action mechanism of the different sources microbial inocula during the composting process, and further provide theoretical support for the screening and application of compost microbial inoculant. The endogenous inocula (M37) and exogenous inocula (VT) were as compost Inoculants, studied the effects of indigenous and exogenous inoculation on changes of temperature, oxygen concentration, as well as protease activity, urease activity, dehydrogenase activity and cellulase activity during composting stages in a composting bioreactor. The results showed that, at the beginning of composting, endogenous inocula were beneficial to rapid rising temperature and the cumulation of protease activities and urease activities. At the high-temperature period, exogenous inocula were beneficial to maintain a higher temperature and enhanced dehydrogenase activities and cellulase activities. At the warming and high-temperature period, there was very significant negative correlation between temperature and oxygen concentration. During the period of raising temperature, the protease activity, urease activity and temperature were highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01). At the period of raising temperature and high-temperature, dehydrogenase activity and temperature were all highly significant positive correlation between (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the temperature and cellulase activity at the high-temperature period (P<0.01).

  Heavy Metal Concentrations and Pollution Assessment of Agriculture Soil in Huaihua Suburbs 2013, 29 (8):  180-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2144 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 627228KB )   ( 697 ) In order to understand the content of heavy metal in agriculture soil of Huaihua suburbs and provide scientific basis for developing green food production, this research studied the content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in different towns and land use types of agriculture soil by using INNOV-X soil heavy metal measurement instrument. It also made the assessment of heavy metal pollution by the method of single factor pollution index and the synthesis pollution index. Results showed that, the content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in different towns and land use types of agriculture soil was almost lower than national secondary standard and green food producing area environment quality standard. Both the individual pollution index and the synthesis pollution index were less than 1, which mean there was no heavy metal pollution and the soil was suitable for green food base construction. But the synthesis pollution index of some towns and land use types reached to the alert level. The synthesis pollution index of Yangcun village and Yingkou village were 0.87 and 0.71, and the synthesis pollution index of orchard and nursery were 0.96 and 0.73, especially the nursery almost reached to the light pollution level. Therefore, take measures to prevent and control the heavy metal pollution of agriculture soil is very important to develop the production of green food of Huaihua City.

  Study of the Physiology on Sulfate Reducing Bacteria 2013, 29 (8):  184-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1667 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 708155KB )   ( 688 ) In order to utilize sulfate-reducing method on the treatment of heavy metal wastewater and organic wastewater containing sulfate, sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were enriched from the long-term polluted sewer in Fengyang, and their removing sulfate abilities were studied in the different conditions, such as: sulfur source, temperature, pH value, salinity, oxygen and the concentration of Fe2+ . The results showed that, CH3CHOHCOONa could be used as a carbon source to reduce sulfate and thiosulfate, and sulfite could not be reduced. The optimum conditions for SRB growth were found to be at 36℃, pH 7.5. SRB were able to grow in the NaCl concentration of 3%, meanwhile, their removing sulfate abilities was the best in facultative anaerobic; the rate of sulfate reducing was increasing with the increased Fe2+ concentration. The rate of sulfate reducing would reach above 95% after thirty hours when SRB were inoculated by 10% and the concentration of FeSO4 was 2000 mg/L.

  The Effects of Riparian Vegetation Buffer Zones on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Reduction in Chaobai River Upstream 2013, 29 (8):  189-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3443 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 971621KB )   ( 661 ) In order to fully understand the elimination effects of riparian vegetation buffer zones on surface runoff pollutants, the author studied the different riparian vegetation buffer zones on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction of surface runoff by the artificial simulation method in Beijing Chaobai River Basin in different pollutant concentration conditions. The results showed that: riparian vegetation buffer zone on the surface runoff pollutants removal efficiency was increasing gradually with the vegetation belt width increases in three kinds of different site types of riparian vegetation. Herb buffer zone on the phosphorus pollutants reduction effect was best. The average removal phosphorus rate reached 80.63% . Herb buffer zone on the nitrogen removal efficiency of pollutants was second. The total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen removal rate was respectively 75.71%, 62.18%. However, bush buffer zone on the total nitrogen, phosphorus reduction effect was poor. The average removal rates were 62.08%, 65.56%. Removal efficiency of pollutants in size order: grass buffer strip＞shrub and grass buffer strip＞shrub buffer zone＞reference sample. Results showed: different riparian vegetation buffer zone on the nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff pollutant removal effect was different. It should fully consider local river water quality pollution characteristics and vegetation characteristics in order to make full use of different riparian vegetation buffer belt to different pollutant removal advantage when the contaminated river ecological vegetation restoration.

  Effects of Urban Heat Island on Mean Temperature Series: Case Study of A County-level City in the Middle Reaches of Huaihe River 2013, 29 (8):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1975 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 709834KB )   ( 626 ) In order to fully consider the influence of urban heat island effect on mean temperature series, the stations which located on the middle reaches of Huaihe River were selected. Huoqiu national meteological observing station and Shouxian national reference climatological stations (reference station ) were choosed as a case study.Based on the average temperature data from 1965 to 2010, the effects of urban heat island on average temperature series of Huoqiu station were analyzed by using linear regression, the cumulative distance equal method. The results showed that the average temperature series of Huoqiu station was obviously affected by urbanization of county-level city since 1994. During 1995-2010, the intensity of urban heat island was 0.30℃-0.97℃. The trend of heat island intensity increased with the lapse of time. The intensity of heat island also presented seasonal variation: the maximum value occurred in spring, followed by autumn, and the minimum occurred in winter and summer. This study suggested that the effects of urban heat island on temperature series should not be ignored in county-level city of the middle reaches of Huaihe River.

  Analysis of Temperature Change in Sunlight Greenhouse and Its Influence Factors 2013, 29 (8):  200-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2203 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 875591KB )   ( 704 ) In order to deep understand the relationship between production in sunlight green house and meteorological factors and provide key science technology of agricultural meteorological service to sunlight green house production, based on the observation data, change characteristic of temperature in greenhouse and the relationship between it and exterior temperature, long wave radiation were analyzed. The result showed: the change trend of the ten days average temperature in greenhouse during non-growing season was not significant. The day various trend appeared ‘U’ type curve, the maximum and minimum value appeared at PM 2:00 and AM 8:00, respectively. The temperature in sunlight greenhouse was mainly affected by long wave radiation and exterior temperature. The significant rise of temperature during non-growing season could be favorable to the development of sunlight greenhouse produce. The decrease of hours of sunlight led to the temperature lower in sunlight greenhouse, however, according to the various range during later 60 years, the change extent of sunlight hours was not enough to limit the development of sunlight greenhouse produce in countryside. Therefore, the short-term low temperature and less sunlight was mainly control factors for sunlight greenhouse produce.

  Street Dust Particle Size Characteristics and Its Sources Determined in Xuchang City 2013, 29 (8):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3047 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 859807KB )   ( 656 ) In order to obtain the characteristics of particle size and to determine its main sources of street dust in Xuchang city, Street dust samples collected on March, 2012 were analyzed by Mastersizer 2000 Laser Grainsize Analyzer. Results showed that: Xuchang street dust were mainly silt, followed by sand and clay, and displayed an three peaks and sharp frequency curve, the first mode was 30~145 μm, second model was 4~15 μm, third one was 0.5~1 μm, the average particle size were range from 25.42 to 236.15 μm, poor sorting and negative datum of skewness. Size distribution of Xuchang City street dust were similar to modern storm particle size patterns, which indicated that Xuchang City street dust deposition was the continuation of wind deposition, namely street dust was a mixture of coarse particles that transported by monsoon circulation and fine particles that controlled by westerly circulation, Moreover, coarse particles from the building site led samples that collected nearby to have larger particle size, which reflected the contribution of construction to street dust.

  A Modified Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Method Based on Entropy Weight Theory and Its Application in Regional Test of Cotton Cultivars 2013, 29 (8):  212-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2317 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 630671KB )   ( 566 ) In order to improve the scientific and rationality of the evaluation method to the varieties in regional test, with the application of fuzzy theory and information entropy theory, a new comprehensive assesement evaluation method of crop cultivars was proposed. Firstly, the corresponding comprehensive assessment index matrix of crop cultivars was established according to fuzzy and comprehensive assessment index. Secondly, the arithmetic about entropy weight was realized according to the difference of index, and the crop cultivars were evaluated by entropy. Finally, with the regional test of cotton cultivars, the new assessment method was recommended, and feasibility and validity of the method were proved.

  Shanghai Marine Culture Tourism Development Research 2013, 29 (8):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2050 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 585337KB )   ( 744 ) Shanghai is located in the coast of the east sea and enjoys a long history of human economic activities, which gives tourism resources rich Marine characteristics. During the development of thousands of years, shanghai has formed many distinctive characteristics of marine culture system, which providing favorable conditions to tourism development. This paper firstly introduced the marine culture and marine tourism, and pointed out that shanghai has formed a close relationship with marine in the process of development, and argues that shanghai had a great advantage of marine culture tourism. Therefore, the paper put forward we should take full use of those advantages to develop shanghai Marine tourism healthily and quickly from system, ideas, education level and sustainable development.