Abstract: In order to fully understand the elimination effects of riparian vegetation buffer zones on surface runoff pollutants, the author studied the different riparian vegetation buffer zones on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction of surface runoff by the artificial simulation method in Beijing Chaobai River Basin in different pollutant concentration conditions. The results showed that: riparian vegetation buffer zone on the surface runoff pollutants removal efficiency was increasing gradually with the vegetation belt width increases in three kinds of different site types of riparian vegetation. Herb buffer zone on the phosphorus pollutants reduction effect was best. The average removal phosphorus rate reached 80.63% . Herb buffer zone on the nitrogen removal efficiency of pollutants was second. The total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen removal rate was respectively 75.71%, 62.18%. However, bush buffer zone on the total nitrogen, phosphorus reduction effect was poor. The average removal rates were 62.08%, 65.56%. Removal efficiency of pollutants in size order: grass buffer strip＞shrub and grass buffer strip＞shrub buffer zone＞reference sample. Results showed: different riparian vegetation buffer zone on the nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff pollutant removal effect was different. It should fully consider local river water quality pollution characteristics and vegetation characteristics in order to make full use of different riparian vegetation buffer belt to different pollutant removal advantage when the contaminated river ecological vegetation restoration.