Abstract: This article was mainly study the development of modern agriculture and regional differences in country area in Xinjiang. By using 13 counties (cities) as research unit, which were the most developed areas on modern agriculture in northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, and using 10 indicators as an analysis factor, this thesis established comprehensive score regression model of modern agriculture development level based on factor analysis and cluster analysis. Under this analysis, the author made a comprehensive evaluation on modern agriculture development level of each county by using comprehensive factor score and draws a spatial variation map of the 13 counties (cities) on its comprehensive development level with the help of ARCGIS 10.0 software. The results showed that, the factors which mainly affected the development level of modern agriculture included: input-output factor, modern life factor and ecological factor, among which, input-output factor played a decisive role and its variance contribution rate reached to 47.22%. The result divided agriculture level of the researched area into four groups: developed regions, more developed regions, underdeveloped regions and undeveloped regions. And based on the composite score we could knew that, agriculture level was not balanced in those regions, 54% of counties (cities) were under the average level; there were significant differences on the development level in those areas, decreasing from the center to two sides, which showed a convex space pattern.