Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.7 Published:05 March 2013

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  Advances of Endophyte Associated with Melia azedarach 2013, 29 (7):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3549 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 651040KB )   ( 704 ) Endophytes' specific ecology, metabolism and bioactivities make themselves as an important treasure for structurally novel bioactive natural products. Recent advances on the biodiversity, metabolites and bioactive of endophyte associated with Melia azedarach were summarized in this article. Some problems about the study of endophyte were brought forward, it was hoped to provide some references to the resource exploitations of the endophytic fungi associated with Melia azedarach.

  Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics in Seed Germination of Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils Provenance li chihui 2013, 29 (7):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3489 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 750770KB )   ( 603 ) In order to study the physiological and biochemical characteristics in seed germination of Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils, with seven provenances’seeds of Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils as the test materials, the author studied the differences of grain-weight, germination rate and a series of enzyme activity between provenances, which was providing a basis theory in provenance selection and genetic resources protection. The results showed that: there was significant difference in seed germination rate, grain-weight and a series of enzyme activity between provenances and that the Tongdao County presented the highest seed germination rate (92.0% ) and the Pingguo County appeared the lowest seed germination rate (85.1% ). Seed germination percentage was related the significant positive correlation in annual precipitation, grain-weight, antioxidant enzymes protection activity and PPO activity had a related the significant negative correlation in annual average temperature and the content of MDA. Therefore, depending on the seed germination rate and the physiological parameter, people could estimate the seed germinate from the liveness of enzyme.

  The Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Ivy (Hederanepalensis var. sinensis) Respond Under Drought Stress 2013, 29 (7):  12-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3791 Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 637753KB )   ( 818 ) Taking different ivy (Hederanepalensis var. sinensis) as test material, the study had been conducted to test physiological and biochemical parameters responding to different degrees of drought stress. The variation of ivy physiological and biochemical parameters under stress conditions were displayed, which would provide a basis theory for germplans resources modification. With the aggravation of drought stress, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids content of ivy leaves showed an upward trend; REC and MDA showed an upward trend; as far as pore size, it became narrows first and then widen gradually; RWC and WSD went upward and downward, respectively. POD increased under the condition of 10% PEG, however, under the condition of 30% PEG, it showed both increasing and decreasing trend. Among 10 ivy varieties,‘hudieye’and‘baijianciye’showed strong drought resistance than others.

  The Study of Physiological Indexes of Feijoa sellowiana Berg in Over-winter Low-temperature Environment 2013, 29 (7):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3620 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 711308KB )   ( 655 ) In order to study the cold resistance characteristics of Feijoa sellowiana Berg, the author used the mature leaves of Feijoa sellowiana Berg, Coolidge and Mammoth in over-winter low temperature environment as test materials, by researching on several physiological indexes: the electrical conductivity, soluble sugar and free proline (Pro), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that: in a certain temperature range, the electrical conductivities, the content of soluble sugar and free proline (Pro) of different species of Feijoa sellowiana Berg were increasing with temperatures decreasing. In the over-winter process, the free proline (Pro) of different kinds of Feijoa sellowiana Berg had a regular change. The activity of protective enzymes (SOD, POD) inside the cells were enhancing with temperatures reduced. Variance analysis results showed that: variance differences of relative conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro), peroxidase (POD) between different species reached significant level. And the electrical conductivity, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) indexes reached extremely significant level between different temperatures. There was no significant difference between the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in different species.

  The Dynamic Changes of Main Component in Leaves of Acer truncatum Bunge Clones in Autumn 2013, 29 (7):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3569 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 763293KB )   ( 732 ) In order to reveal the color emerging mechanism of maple leaves in Autumn, 3 kinds of Acer truncatum Bunge clones were taken as material. The variations of chlorophyII, carotenoids, anthocyanin and soluble sugar content in maple leaves were measured during the color-changing period from 19-October to 11-November, 2011. The results indicated that: little anthocyanin was contented in the leaves of 3 kinds of maple clones before the color change, which had nothing to do with the following color-changing. The reason for leaves of clone R turn red was not only because of induction of chorophyII and carotenoids, but also the following large production of anthocyanin. The color changing of leaves in different clones of maple trees was apllied to anthocyanin content and pigment proportion and decided by genotype. There was significant difference in the content of soluble sugar in different clones in which clone R was the highest one. The process of anthocyanin production might be induced by the high content of soluble sugar. The carotenoids proportion was highest in clone Y and was lowest in clone R.

  Effect of Day-night Temperature Difference on Leaf Color of Ulmus pumila‘Zhonghua Jinye’ 2013, 29 (7):  31-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4030 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 1080613KB )   ( 923 ) This study intended to measure the changes of the physiological parameters of Ulmus pumila‘Zhonghua Jinye’leaves under day-night temperature difference stress. The result showed that the content of chlorophyll and chlorophyll-a of leaves decreased firstly, and then increased with day-night temperature difference increase. Conversely, the content of chlorophyll-b and corticoid showed the opposite attribute and the content of soluble sugar increased all the time in this condition. By the effect of day-night temperature difference, chlorophyll/corticoid: 10℃＜5℃＜15℃＜0℃＜20℃, chlorophyll-a/chlorophyll-b: 10℃＜5℃＜0℃＜15℃＜20℃. These resultes indicated that T3 was positive to the accumulation of chlorophyll-b and corticoid, and had the minimum ratio of chlorophyll to corticoid and chlorophyll-a to chlorophyll-b; to view and admire Ulmus pumila‘Zhonghua Jinye’this time was recommended.

  Study on the Effect of Urban Forest Plaque on Temperature and Humidity 2013, 29 (7):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3444 Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 527572KB )   ( 657 ) In order to quantify the effects of urban forest patches on the surrounding environment of temperature and humidity, and provide the theoretical basis for urban forest construction layout, the author measured the effects of the temperature and humidity with 2 forest patches of the Nanchang City. The results showed that: forest patches on the influence of surrounding temperature difference was in the patche center and patche peripheral 1 km distance difference in 4℃or so, had obvious cooling effect; and the influence of humidity was not obvious. Therefore, urban forest construction should give full consideration to the actual impact range, reasonable layout.

  Sexual Dimorphism and Female Reproduction in White-striped Grass Lizard Takydromus wolteri (Lacertidae) 2013, 29 (7):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3575 Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 555391KB )   ( 661 ) In order to compare the geographic variation of the morphological and reproductive characteristics between different populations of Takydromus wolteri, this study was conducted between April and August, 2011 and 2012. Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and female reproductive output of the Takydromus wolteri population from Harbin (Heilongjiang Province) were studied with the method of field capturing and laboratory feeding. Our results showed that the Harbin population of T. wolteri was in SSD and the female was significant larger than the male in snout-vent length (SVL) (F1,62=15.337, P＜0.001). The mean SVL of females was 55.86 mm while the mean SVL of males was 52.13 mm. Females had larger abdomen length (F1,61=4.937, P＜ 0.05) and males had larger heads (head length: F1,61=103.56, P＜0.001; head width: F1,61=68.524, P＜0.001) as the same SVL because larger females had a higher annual fecundity (r=0.732，F1,18=20.821，P＜0.01) and reproductive output (r=0.681，F1,18=15.579, P＜0.01). SSD was positively geographic variation in the T. wolteri of different population, and SVL of Harbin population in the north was obviously larger than Chuzhou population in the south in both sexes, which accorded with the Bergman’s rule.

  Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Calamagrostis angustifolia 2013, 29 (7):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3340 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 670703KB )   ( 656 ) In order to determine the effect of increased nitrogen deposition on photosynthetic characteristics of C. angustifolia, a field experiment was carried out with treatments different in nitrogen supply (0, 5, 10 g/m2) to investigate the effects the photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters. The response curves of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) versus photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured in situ. The results showed that nitrogen deposition significantly increased nitrogen content, photosynthetic pigment content, Amax and AQE of leaves. However, Rd declined in low N but enhanced in high N, which showed the higher carbon accumulation under high N than low N. Jmax and Vcmax enhanced under nitrogen supply, which could maintain higher photosynthetic capacity under low-temperature.

  The Habitat Characteristics of Vaccinium uliginosum Communities Under the Larch Forests in Changbai Mountain 2013, 29 (7):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3682 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 795522KB )   ( 586 ) In order to deeply understand the ecological habit of Vaccinium uliginosum communities in Changbai Mountain, the growth environment was investigated. The results showed that: Vaccinium uliginosum community firstly appeared at altitude 1317 m in Changbai Mountain. Its growth environment was weed forest, and the leaf area index was about 1.7, the distribution of DBH classes were mostly under 10 cm and the biggest DBH class was from 24 cm to 26 cm, the distribution of the height class was from 2 m to 12 m and the maximum height was from 16 m to 18 m. The trees of larch forest-Vaccinium uliginosum communities were mainly larches, sometimes were white birches, the leaf area index was from 0.85 to 2.04, the number of DBH class from 10 cm to 12 cm was the most, from 14 cm to 16 cm was less than it. The distributions of the height class were most from 14 m to 16 m, from 6 m to 8 m was less. The relationship between the number of Vaccinium uliginosum and leaf area index was opposite, suitable for light environment. The growth substrate of Vaccinium uliginosum communities under the larch forests in Changbai Mountain was mainly about moss and litter. The substrate was divided into four tires, from the top towards bottom, of live moss layer, dead moss layer, peat layer and pozzolanic layer. The average thickness of dead moss layer was 6.0 cm. The distribution of root system of Vaccinium uliginosum was the most. Under larch forest-Vaccinium uliginosum communities, the average basal diameter was from (2.61±1.40) mm to (4.57±1.49) mm. The average height was from (33.36±10.16) cm to (59.50±13.54) cm. The Vaccinium uliginosum was dominant species among communities.

  The Behavior Research of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) in Hulan River Wetlands, Heilongjiang Province 2013, 29 (7):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3554 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 564125KB )   ( 758 ) From March to May between 2011 and 2012, osprey was observed and analyzed by randomly selected individual and continuous sampling in Hulan River Wetlands, Heilongjiang Province. Behaviors included perching behavior, preening behavior, flight behavior, ingesting behavior, vigilance behavior, fighting behavior, call behavior etc. During the non-breeding season, perching behavior (48.086%) accounted for the largest proportion of behavior, and vigilance behavior and fighting behavior appeared relatively small. Territorial behavior hadn’t been observed.

  Summary on Physiology, Biochemistry and Storage for Postharvest Banana Fruit 2013, 29 (7):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2268 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 533030KB )   ( 1573 ) Banana is a typical climacteric fruit. It can not be storage for a long time. The banana storage technique has been given a long-term attention by the industry, and many studies have been made by experts and scholars. Thus, it is still not thoroughly solved. In this paper, the overview in the aspects of the storage and fresh-keeping technique of banana research in recent years, which were the changes of postharvest quality, physiology and biochemistry, the effect factors of the storage and the storage technique, were measured. With the study of the postharvest physiology and the storage technique, it was pointed out that some problems were still existed in the storage of banana, and it could be studied from macroscopic physiological levels gradually into molecular level to explore more direct and effective methods for improving the banana storability.

  Advance on Biology and Chemical Constituents of Dictamnus dasycarpus 2013, 29 (7):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3168 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 602288KB )   ( 964 ) Dictamni Cortex is from the dry root cortex of Dictamnus dasycarpus in Rutaceae, which is an important traditional Chinese medicine and is used as an herb for a long time in Chinese history. Too much about Dictamnus dasycarpus has been studied. The biological characteristics on the origin, distribution, morphology and structure, seed germination, tissue culture, and the chemical constituents of essential oils, alkaloids, limonoids and coarse polysaccharide of Dictamnus dasycarpus are concluded. The current situation of Dictamnus dasycarpus suggests that over-need for Dictamni Cortex, disorderly collecting and seldom cultivating lead to resource exhausting seriously. In order to provide theoretical basis for further protection, development and utilization of Dictamnus dasycarpus, the suggestions about deeply understanding and reasonable protection, comprehensive development and utilization, rapid propagation and standardized cultivation are also provided.

  Research on the Climate Ecology Zoning of Yunnan Gold Corridor Tobacco Cultivation Region 2013, 29 (7):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3109 Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 1143939KB )   ( 676 ) Abstract: In order to further evaluate the effect of the climate condition of Yunnan gold corridor on flue-cured tobacco production, we analyze a total of 34 years (1971-2004) of illumination, temperature, rainfall and other meteorological factors data of the Yunnan gold corridor tobacco cultivation area, which includes 10 city 53 counties. Based on the SPSS system clustering method in the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine duration, the average rainfall，the average evaporated capacity, the average relative humidity in the flue-cured tobacco growth period, Yunnan gold corridor tobacco cultivation area will be divided into 4 climate types area. And we analyze the climate characteristics of various types. The results indicated that the differences of the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine duration, and the average relative humidity of tobacco growth period in 4 climate types are smaller, but the average rainfall and the average evaporated capacity of the flue-cured tobacco growth period in 4 climate types area has obvious differences, which may be the key ecological factors that affect tobacco quality of the gold corridor tobacco cultivation region.

  Supplying Light to Growth and Main Physiological Index of the Tobacco Seedling 2013, 29 (7):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2992 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 588612KB )   ( 677 ) In order to solve disorder by cultivating tobacco seeding with the shed nursery in low temperature and weak light of winter in Hunan, it was studied for effect on light intensity to growth and main physiological index of the tobacco seeding. Tests were separately carried out with the light emitting diodes in proportion of blue: red =1:1 (supply light intensity was respectively 3000, 4500 and 6000 lx) to supply light of tobacco seeding by combination light in water temperature constant conditions. Results showed that growing leaves day of tobacco seeding decreased and blade growth rate of tobacco seeding accelerated, with the increase of light intensity. The treatment existed significant different. Supplying light intensity reached 6000 lx, stem circumference of tobacco was stout and height, and dry fresh weight and dry fresh ratio was high, and seeding dry matter was accumulated most. Plastid pigment and root activity were affected by light intensity, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and root activity increased with light intensity enhancement, but the chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased. It showed that supplying light was helpful to cultivate tobacco seedling and to improve tobacco seedling quality.

  Influence of Soil Residual Nitrogen and Coliforms in Potato Under Alternate Irrigation with Chlorine Reclaimed Water 2013, 29 (7):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2966 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 780657KB )   ( 662 ) In order to solve food safety and potential environmental pollution problems with reclaimed water irrigation, field experiments were conducted, soil residual nitrogen, soil coliforms, coliforms in tuber skin, coliforms in tuber inner with reclaimed water irrigation under different irrigation technology, water quality and irrigation amount were analyzed. The results indicated that: the content of mineral nitrogen of top soil layer under chlorine reclaimed water with alternate surface drip irrigation was significantly higher than the full subsurface drip irrigation, alternate subsurface drip irrigation, full furrow irrigation, alternate furrow irrigation, the yield of chlorine reclaimed water with alternate irrigation was no significantly than the full irrigation, root-layer soil coliforms of chlorine reclaimed water with alternate irrigation was significantly less than others, moreover, the coliforms content in the potato tissue of chlorine reclaimed water with alternate irrigation was only 46 MPN/100 g, less than standard of GB/T 8884—2007. Thus, chlorine reclaimed water with alternate irrigation was an optimizing irrigation strategy, meanwhile, it could ensure healthy of potato and could enhance irrigation water use efficiency.

  Effect of Integrative Water and Fertilizer Planting Technology on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Pepper in Greenhouse 2013, 29 (7):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3144 Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 617638KB )   ( 1126 ) In this article, the aim was to compare and clarify the effect difference of three kinds of integrative water and fertilizer planting technology including furrow irrigation and water flush fertilizer (treatment I, CK), drip irrigation+ drip water flush fertilizer (treatmentⅡ) and drip irrigation+ drip-irrigation specific fertilizer (treatmentⅢ) on growth, yield and fruit quality of pepper in greenhouse were studied. By analyzing plant growth indexes, yield level, fruit quality and physiological indexes of pepper, the effects of three kinds of integrative water and fertilizer planting technology on the growth, yield and fruit quality of pepper in greenhouse were studied. The result showed that the plant height, stem diameter, bifurcation height, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio and leaf soluble sugar content and root activity of pepper under treatmentⅢwere significantly higher than those of treatment I (CK). Compare with CK, treatmentⅢincreased the yield by 40.1% and significantly improved the Vc, soluble protein content and dry matter content of fruit. The bifurcation height, SLA, leaf soluble sugar content, root activity and Vc, soluble protein and dry matter content of fruit in pepper under treatmentⅡalso were significantly higher than that of CK and yield increased by 28.64% . Among of treatmentⅡand treatmentⅢ, the plant height, stem diameter, root activity, yield and soluble protein content of fruit under treatmentⅢwere significantly higher those of treatmentⅡ. These results indicated that two integrative drip irrigation and fertilizer planting technology (treatmentⅡand treatmentⅢ) could promote plant growth, increase yield and fruit quality of pepper and the effects of drip-irrigation specific fertilizer on growth, yield and fruit quality of pepper in greenhouse were better than that of drip water flush fertilizer.

  Study on the Crossbreeding Using Wild Strains of Agaricus bisporus Ⅰ 2013, 29 (7):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3926 Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 3401747KB )   ( 681 ) To set up the technology platform for the crossbreeding of Agaricus bisporus wild strains, and screen out new hybrid cultivars with strong adaptability, high production and good quality, using the crossbreeding technology of Agaricus bisporus homokaryons, the hybridizations between domestic and foreign wild strains, wild strains and cultivation strains were carried out. The results showed that, the proportion of sterile homokaryons in Agaricus burnettii monospore isolates was the highest, up to 92.6%. It was the lowest in traditional cultivation strain, only 8.7%. The colony shape of homokaryons made much difference, and the homokaryons derived from hybrid strain diversified more than those from traditional strains. The homokaryons separated from Sichuan wild strains could be intercrossed with those from foreign wild strains or domestic cultivation strains, further indicating the wild strains from Sichuan to be Agaricus bisporus new germplasm in Tibet altiplano area of China.

  Cloning and Phylogeny Analysis of PpAP2 Floral Homologous Genes in Peach 2013, 29 (7):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3016 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 576246KB )   ( 712 ) In order to investigate the control mechanism of peach flowering, the ap2 gene of peach was cloned. The peach (Prunus persica) cultivar‘Dongfeng’was used as material. In silico cloning PCR and RACE were employed to cloning complete cDNA sequence. The function was analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The gene had 1767 bp nucleotides and an ORF frame with 467 amino acid residue. The deduced protein had a molecular weight 52.0 kD, an equipotential point 8.73 and two copies of AP2 regions. PpAP2 was located in scaffold_6 in peach genome, and a SSR marker, namely AP2M anchored in it. Amino acid sequences alignment revealed that high similarity presented between PpAP2 and AP2 from other plant species, in which the highest homology found between PpAP2 and Malus×domestica AHAP2. The coincidence between AP2 genes revolution and species revolution was concluded.

  Study on Risk Zoning of High Temperature and Drought Disaster for Kiwifruit in Shaanxi 2013, 29 (7):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2991 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 5885801KB )   ( 743 ) In order to study the regional distribution on the risk of high temperature and drought disaster during the fruit expanding process for kiwifruit in Shaanxi, the risk zoning of it was carried out to provide scientific basis for fruit industry disaster prevention and reduction. According to disaster risk forming mechanism, the assessment model of high temperature and drought for kiwifruit was constructed by using meteorological data, basic geographic information data, socio-economic statistic data, and history disaster situation data, based on the factors, such as the risk of disaster causing, the sensitivity of disaster environment, the vulnerability of disaster body, and the ability of disaster prevention/reduction. Then the study on risk zoning of high temperature and drought for kiwifruit in Shaanxi were carried out by using GIS technology. The results showed that: the severe risk regions mainly distribute in the lower Wei River of Guanzhong, Shannxi; the severe risk of high temperature and drought was in every 3 years, the moderate of it was in every 2 years, and mild of it was in every 1 year meanwhile. The moderate risk regions mainly distribute in the middle-east of Guanzhong and Hanjiang Valley of southern Shaanxi; the moderate risk of high temperature and drought was in every 2-3 years, the severe of it was in every 3-4 years, and mild of it was less than every 1 year meanwhile. The mild rrisk regions mainly distribute in the southern, northern, and western moderate risk regions, and high altitude areas along Hanjiang and its tributaries, and Jinqian, Danjiang, Nanluo River.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Auxin Response Factor of Seedless Litchi 2013, 29 (7):  111-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3086 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 877892KB )   ( 796 ) To obtain the auxin response factor gene (ARF) that was differentially expressed in ovule degeneration of seedless litchi, in this study the gene was cloned and analyzed. The EST encoding ARF was obtained from young abortive ovule of seedless litchi via SSH (suppression subtractive hybridization), extracted high quality RNA and cloned the total cDNA sequence by SMAT-RACE method, bioinformatics analysis showed that it included an 2550 bp open reading frame which encoded a predicated protein with 849 amino acids, moreover, it had B3, Auxin_resp and AUX_IAA conserved region and functional domains, indicated that it was a new member of the ARFs gene family and got the closest relatives with Mangifera indica.

  Dynamic Changes of Sucrose Content in Mango’ s Cutting Back Fruit Branch 2013, 29 (7):  117-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3417 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 650347KB )   ( 746 ) In order to research the contents and functions of sucrose in the course of mango differentiation, it was observed that after cutting back flowering branch of mango, the flower bud on the cutting place could still in differentiation, the author measured the sucrose content of leaves, phloem and buds on the cutting section. The results showed that: the cutting leaves and nearby phloem’s highest content appeared on the same day of cutting back, separately were 43.16 and 45.89μg/g, the buds’highest appeared on March 2nd (47.92μg/g); leaves, phloem and buds’lowest content separately appeared on March 12th, 7th and February 25th, were 38.47, 38.27 and 38.94μg/g; the average content of leaves, phloem and buds were 40.72, 41.34 and 42.93μg/g. It didn’t have a transport phenomenon that the sucrose flowed from the cutting parts to the organic centre (the buds at the differentiation), there was no clearly library-source relationship, and this indicated that sucrose didn’t have strongly correlation with flower bud differentiation, or the carbohydrate mainly not transported as the form of sucrose. After cutting back, the center color of bud eye gradually presented wax yellow on Feb 20th, and spread around on the 25th; during March 2nd to 7th, the buds gradually expanded, the color deepen, the buds eye presented translucent; after March 7th it was gradually increased green, and the translucent disappeared.

  A Study of Bacterial Microorganisms Survival Patterns in Tea Plantation Soils with Different pH Value 2013, 29 (7):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2857 Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 826028KB )   ( 626 ) In order to clarify the microbial fertilizer’s contribution to soil fertility after being applied to soils with different pH values, the author studied bacterial microorganisms inoculated and cultured in sterilized soil and explored their survivability, law of change and contribution to the soil nutrient through plate colony counting method. The results showed that: the number of bacterial microorganisms rose rapidly in the first two weeks after inoculated into sterilized soil, and then entered into a relatively long period of stability. In neutral soil the abundance of various types of bacterial microorganisms were different. Ammonification bacteria were up to 108 cfu/g dry soil. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, bacillus bacteria, actinomycetes also reached 107 cfu/g dry soil, while mildew was at most about 105 cfu/g dry soil. When changed to acid soil with pH value around 4.5, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes reduced to only 1% of that in neutral soil. Maximum abundance of mildew could reach up to 107 cfu/g dry soil, while yeast quantity was only 1/10 of that of mildew. The rapid growth and reproduction of bacterial microorganisms could contribute to the increase of major nutrients and activity in the soils through its decomposition, nitrogen fixation and the solution of potassium and phosphorus.

  Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Callicarpa nudiflora 2013, 29 (7):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3159 Abstract + ( 809 )   PDF ( 1565925KB )   ( 713 ) Using seeds as explant, MS as basic culture medium, the techniques of tissue culture and rapid propagation of Callicarpa nudiflora were studied by comparing with types and concentrations of plant growth regulators, culture conditions, types of transplanting medium. The results showed that in the MS basic medium seed germination be made; the most suitable procedure for sterilization was to soak explants into 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 10 min after pretreatment with 75% alcohol for 10 s. Suitable temperature of buds subculture and proliferation was 28℃, the optimum light intensity was 1500 lx. MS+ 6-BA 2.00 mg/L+ NAA 0.05 mg/L be suitable for subculture and proliferation , the propagation coefficient was 10.87 every 30 days; the most optimum rooting medium was MS+ NAA 0.50-0.75 mg/L, and the rooting rate was 100%. The rooting seedling were effectively transplanted in river sand, perlite and topsoil (1:1:1), the highest survival rate was 96%, and the largest amount of growth. Using the technology of tissue culture and rapid propagation of Callicarpa nudiflora can realize the industrialized seeding.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Source on Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco Under Soil Waterlogging Stress 2013, 29 (7):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3045 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 550015KB )   ( 680 ) In order to study the problem of fertilization technology for treatment of the waterlogging flue-cured tobacco, the pot experiment was adopted to study the effects of different N source on growth of flue-cured tobacco under soil waterlogging in 2010. The results showed that soil waterlogging markedly lowered the plant height, the individual green leaf area, the growing rate of central leaf, the leaf N content and biomass. On any condition, the in green leaf area of flue-cured tobacco in condition of 1/2NH4+-N+1/2NO3--N, its growing rate of central leaf and its biomass were greater than those of NO3--N and those of NH4 +-N. The addition of NH4 + nutrition seems to enhance the sensitivity of flue-cured tobacco growth. The sensibility of different organ in flue-cured tobacco plant to soil water logging were different: leaf＞stem＞root.

  Effects of Different Methods of Transplanting with Film Mulching on Flue-cured Tobacco Growth 2013, 29 (7):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3180 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 675048KB )   ( 571 ) The effects of different methods of transplanting on growth and development of the Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘CB-1’ were discussed by field trails and the single factor analysis in biostatistics. The obvious influences on the growth and development in tobacco were revealed by different methods of transplanting with film mulching. The biomass of roots, leaves and whole plants, weight per leaf by up-film transplanting were decreased obviously compared to down-film transplanting. Great influences on accumulation of different parts of tobacco with different methods of transplanting were observed. The weight per leaf of lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves with down-film transplanting were raised by 24.74%, 10.2% and 18.94% respectively compared to up-film transplanting at last harvest. Based on climate conditions in Fujian, down-film transplanting was helpful to tobacco growth and quality improvement.

  Effects of Seeding and Transplanting Time on Growth, Quality and Style of Nicotiana tabacum‘Yunyan87’ 2013, 29 (7):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3286 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 522949KB )   ( 565 ) The relationship between seeding and transplanting time and quality and style of tobacco leaves were studied with field experiment, farmer’s demonstration and chemical analysis. The results showed that, with the deferring of seeding and transplanting time, tobacco growth were quickened, plant model were augmented, tobacco growth period especially roots extending period were shorten. The yield and value of product were raised distinctly, with the transplanting date deferring, but its effects to average price were not remarkable. Nicotine content and the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine were increased, and the other chemical component hadn’t disciplinary changes. The tobacco leaf style were changed from delicate aroma style to middle or strong aroma style, and the sensory test were descended, as the deferring of the seeding and transplanting time. It was favorable for sensory test improving with the predating of seeding and transplanting time, but it was integrant to regulating plant measure for yield and quality of tobacco leaves preserving.

  Effects of N, P, K on Output and Nutrient Cycling Under Greenhouse Condition 2013, 29 (7):  148-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4012 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 2000940KB )   ( 952 ) In order to increase farmer’s income and reduce the waste of fertilizer, this field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on output and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in vegetables and soil residue under a tomatocauliflower-celery rotation system in greenhouse. The results showed that vegetable output without nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, was decreased by 6.0%-13.8%, the outputs of tomato, cauliflower and celery were decreased by 39220 yuan/hm2, 36902 yuan/hm2, 22023 yuan/hm2, respectively. So, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were the main factors limiting the vegetable output. N accumulation in tomato and cauliflower＞celery; P accumulation in cauliflower＞tomato and celery; K accumulation in tomato＞celery＞cauliflower. N accumulation in the fruits and plant of tomato was lower than cauliflower, moreover, P, K accumulation was inverse. The order of total accumulation of N, P and K were cauliflower＞tomato＞celery. After harvest, the residual N, P and K in soil were higher than it was before sowing. The N content contained in the soil which was planted tomato and the P content contained in the soil which was planted celery were doubled before they sowed, that was because the manure was applied. Before cauliflower sowed, manure wasn’t applied, N and K content in the soil were lower than the soil of tomato and celery were harvested. Soil environment was polluted and resource was wasted due to the high level of phosphorus residue.

  Effect of Triming Old Leaves on Artemisinine Content of Bud in Artemisiae Annie 2013, 29 (7):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3169 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 606934KB )   ( 750 ) The objective was to study the effect of triming stress on the bud artemisinine content. Under triming and normal growth, six artemisiae annie were selected to study the effect of triming stress on the bud artemisinine content, bud fresh weight, leaf total lavonoids content, chlorophyll content, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP) in artemisiae annie. The experiment was conducted with three replications. The bud artemisinine content, bud fresh weight, leaf total lavonoids content, chlorophyll content, PAL, and PEP among artemisiae annie increased under trimming growth, comparing with normal growth. Differences of them in artemisiae annie were significant between triming and normal growth.

  The Effect of Self-suction Micro-irrigation on Growth and Yield of Cucumis statirus L. in Greenhouse 2013, 29 (7):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2967 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 1004336KB )   ( 675 ) Self-suction micro-irrigation is a new kind of micro-irrigation equipment. In order to prospect the better application of the new technology, in this paper, comparative analysis between self-suction micro-irrigation (SI) and furrow irrigation (FI) on growth and yield of Cucumis statirus L. was researched. Results showed that air temperature and soil temperature of the greenhouse under SI treatment both increased 9.6%, while air humidity decreased 4.4%; the SI treatment had a higher plant height and a larger stem diameter, besides that, it increased yield about 4.4%; meanwhile, daily water consumption of each growth stage was lowered and water consumption of entire period was about 54.9% of FI treatment; water use efficiency was promoted significantly under SI condition, it increased 130% and reached 60.8 g/kg. Therefore, since SI had a better working performance, saved water and increased yield, it is a suitable irrigation method for greenhouse.

  Study on Selecting and Cultivating the New Protected Cultivation Melon Cultivar‘Ximi 3’ 2013, 29 (7):  164-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2982 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 948284KB )   ( 1196 ) ‘Ximi 3’is a early-maturing melon cultivar with high yield, superior quality, higher economic benefit, resistant and tolerant to storage, which was selected by hybrid heterosis, and was suitable for protected cultivation. It was certificated and registered by Shaanxi Committee for Crop Variety Registration in 2009. The efficiently cultivated specifications of‘Ximi 3’were also established. The proper sowing date was from October 20 to October 30 in earliest spring. The suitable planting density was 30000 plants/hm2, using one vine with one fruit, when the nitrogen fertilizer amount was 300 kg/hm2 (pure nitrogen), phosphorus fertilizer amount was K2O 150 kg/hm2 (P2O5), K fertilizer rate was 375 kg/hm2 (K2O), the yield of‘Ximi 3’was the highest.

  The Effects of Basal Fertilizers on Content Changes of Main Nutrient Elements, Nitrate Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen in Leaves of Pear Trees 2013, 29 (7):  169-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3162 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 611005KB )   ( 682 ) In order to discuss the effect of actual nutrient supply on content in leaves in basal fertilizer, and provide the theoretical evidence for pear tree fertilization, the sand pear cultivar‘Akiba’(Pyrus serotina‘Akiba’) was used as experimental materials in 2010 and 2011. The content changes of main nutrient elements, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in leaves of treatment trees to which chicken manure and rape seed cake were applied severally as basal fertilizers were compared during growing period. The results showed that: no significant differences in the content changes of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) in leaves were found between the two treatment trees during growing periods for two years running, but applying rape seed cake as basal fertilizer could increase the contents of manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in leaves during growing period. It was found that the influence of basal fertilizer on the content of ammonium nitrogen in the leaves was greater than that of nitrate nitrogen, and the content of ammonium nitrogen in the leaves of the trees treated by chicken manure was higher than that of trees treated by rape seed cake before mid-June, then reversed in early August. The author believed that the effects of basal fertilizer types on the content changes of nutrient elements in the leave had the close links with the kinds of nutrient elements, but the contents of nutrient elements in the leave were not related to actual supply of nutrient elements in basal fertilizer used in the experiment.

  Revision of Test Guidelines of New Plant Varieties of Strawberry (Fragaria L.) 2013, 29 (7):  173-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3231 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 558942KB )   ( 617 ) In this article, compared Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Strawberry (Fragaria L.) 2012 version with 2005 version, mainly on characteristics selection, we found the 2012 version was more scientific, advanced, normative and practicable than 2005 version in characteristics’ division, selection and description, and further, analyzed and discussed on confirmation of some characteristics, determination and preservation of standard varieties, selection of approximate varieties, application of new testing technique, and finally, put forward some suggestions in order to provide some assistances and references for DUS testing of strawberry from now on.

  Investigation and Analysis of Fertilizer Application on Tobacco in Wushan County of Chongqing 2013, 29 (7):  179-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3080 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 580825KB )   ( 608 ) Understanding the status of fertilizer in tobacco production and finding out the unreasonable fertilization have great significance to improve the fertilization of tobacco. This paper analyzed the status of fertilizer application on tobacco in typical tobacco growing area of Wushan County in Chongqing, based on the data from 124 farmer’s investigation in 2009. The results showed that the total amount of fertilizer was 592.3 kg/hm2, among which the organic fertilizer contribute to 21.9%. The average application rate of N, P2O5 and K2O was 132.6, 130.9 and 328.8 kg/hm2 respectively, base fertilizer proportion 65.4%, 80.9% and 59.5% respectively. The ratio of fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O) was 1:0.99:2.48. The total fertilizer PFP (partial factor productivity) was 3.7 kg/kg, and PFP on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 16.4, 16.6 and 6.6 kg/kg, respectively. Altogether, in tobacco production of Wushan County, the ratio of fertilizers was reasonable, while total application amount of fertilizers was superfluous. Thus, total amount of nitrogen can be reduced by 15%.

  Investigation of Walnut Trees Irrigation Status in Tarim Basin 2013, 29 (7):  185-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2908 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 589852KB )   ( 715 ) In order to provide the necessary realistic basis for research of special forest fruits efficient water use, walnut was chosen as research object in this investigation. Walnut trees irrigation status investigation was carried on a household basis in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Hetian Region, Kassgar Region and Aksu Region. The results showed that:(1) total planting area of walnut trees in investigation region was 2.72×105 hm2, which was 97.20% of that in Xinjiang; (2) there were two cultivation patterns of walnut trees: planting under monoculture condition and planting under intercropping condition; (3) flooding and border irrigation were main irrigation methods of walnut trees, pipe irrigation with low pressure, bubble Irrigation and drip irrigation were developed gradually; (4) under surface irrigation condition irrigation requirement of walnut trees was 1200-3000 m3/hm2 and irrigation 5-8 times every year, under micro-irrigation condition irrigation requirement of walnut trees was 150-600 m3/hm2 and irrigation 10-30 times every year; (5) under different irrigation conditions irrigation water use efficiency of walnut tree changed from 0.05 kg/m3 to 0.54 kg/m3, with scientific management walnut trees could get high yield under different irrigation conditions.

  Assessment of Safety of Disaster-prevention Parks: A Case Study of Bishagang Park 2013, 29 (7):  191-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3475 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 609211KB )   ( 648 ) Disaster-prevention park was the important part of the city disaster-prevention system, assessment of safety of disaster-prevention parks was significant to save the lives and avoid harming again. Basing on the satety assessment of Bishagang Park in Zhengzhou City, the paper summarized the existing problems, and brought up corresponding countermeasure. The authors suggested to construct the rational disaster-prevention parks system, and set up mechanism of collaboration in traffic, information and telecommunication. The ability to resist disaster of Zhengzhou City was been enhanced.

  Research on New City Community Park Planning and Design Based on Feature Construction 2013, 29 (7):  197-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3600 Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 541240KB )   ( 679 ) This paper took new city community park as the object of study and summed up the concept and features of Metro Community Park. The starting point of this article was to incorporate the concept of characteristics creating into the design of the park of the new city, then made a detail analysis with respect to the elements of the landscape and humanistic characteristics respectively. As to the elements of the landscape, create a city landscape close to nature from four aspects of landform, road, water and plants. As to humanistic characteristics, embody the charm of city construction through the consideration to vulnerable groups and the excavation of local culture. At last, made a conclusion to the “people-oriented” and “cultural heritage” and “public participation” construction principles through the thinking of the new city community park construction and hoped to give a certain guidance and reference to the new city construction.

  Urban Tourism Development Planning Under the Guidance of“Greenway” Concept 2013, 29 (7):  202-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3654 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 2156844KB )   ( 732 ) With the deepening research of greenway planning and the developing of the Greenway Network of Pearl River Delta practice, greenway tourism as a new form of tourism greatly promote the development of tourism. Greenway tourism will become a new opportunity of urban tourism development. The paper analyzed the similarities and differences between the greenway planning and the urban tourism planning and summarized the significance. Then researched the greenway tourism planning of Xun Shan, and discussed how to combine“greenway”concept in the urban tourism planning to create landscape continuous urban tourism environment, to promote the development of the urban tourism and to provide guidance and reference for the greenway tourism planning.

  Investigation and Landscape Utilization of the Plants in Landscape Greenhouse of Wuhan Botanical Garden 2013, 29 (7):  207-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3873 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 561034KB )   ( 768 ) In order to further understanding of plant growth in landscape greenhouse, all of plants in landscape greenhouse of Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science that is greatest in centre of China, were investigated to elucidate the characteristic and innovation of landscape greenhouse, including plant collection, science education and display landscape. The results showed that the greenhouse contain 420 species that belonged to 83 families and 242 genus, including 109 ornamental flowering plants that belonged to 18 families and 56 genus, and 16 ornamental fruit plants that belonged to 8 families and 13 genus. In the future of landscape greenhouse would be trend to greenhouse group, which strongly protect currently plant sources and collect specific plants, give publicity to science education, and refine the model of construction to build the characteristic landscape in greenhouse.

  Research and Analysis of Plant Landscape in Residential Areas in Beijing 2013, 29 (7):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4140 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 614714KB )   ( 665 ) In order to study the impact of the plant landscape on the residential areas and create a better living environment, the study used the plant landscape of six communities (Anzhenxili Community, Furun Homes, Anhuili Community, Anhuaxili Community, Lidu Community, Huakai Homes) as example, using sampling methods to research. From the perspective of plant species and plant distribution, analyzing the problems of the plant landscape in residential areas and proposing the solutions, to provide experiments and references for other plant landscape designs in residential areas.