Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.6 Published:25 February 2013

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  Research Progress on the Parasitic Mechanism of Orobanche cumana 2013, 29 (6):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1146 Abstract + ( 1349 )   PDF ( 775172KB )   ( 975 ) The effect of temperature, osmotic potential, pre-culture time, growth regulator, illumination on sunflower broomrape seed germination were summarized, and also reviewed the signal substances inducing the sunflower broomrape seed germination and inducing substance of haustorium formation. The problems were put forward in research of sunflower broomrape parasitic mechanism, for example, indeterminacy of seed germination mechanism, improvement of separation and identification methods and problems of recognition mechanism between sunflower broomrape and sunflower. Meanwhile, the research prospect was prospected.

  DNA Methylation Under Stresses and Its Prospects in Plant Drought-resistant Breeding 2013, 29 (6):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1239 Abstract + ( 1547 )   PDF ( 640304KB )   ( 1968 ) DNA methylation, as one of the most important epigenetic phenomena, can regulate the function of plant genome without changing the DNA sequence via the effect of various DNA methyltransferases. DNA methylation patterns are sensitive to various environmental stimuli, which can endow plants with heritable stress adaptation. And the trans-generation effects of DNA methylation might make its application in plant breeding possible. The paper summarized the genetical backgrounds of DNA methylation and gave a scenario of the origin and variation of DNA methylation in plants. And previous researches done about DNA methylation modification under various abiotic stresses were also elaborated in the paper. Future research might be focus on drought-resistant germplasm creation with methylationa/demethylation inhibitor, deciphering mechanism of drought resistance via DNA methylation and exploring of new DNA methylation bio-markers useful for plant breeding.

  Bioinformatic Analysis for the Functions of S9 Encoded Proteins of Southern Rice Black Streaked Dwarf Virus 2013, 29 (6):  12-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1089 Abstract + ( 1689 )   PDF ( 1126857KB )   ( 954 ) Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to predict the functions of S9 segment encoded proteins of Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) to provide the scientific basis for further biological function analysis of the encoded proteins of SRBSDV. The S9 segment of SRBSDV Manshi isolate (SRBSDV-YNMShi), which was collected in Manshi, Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan, was amplified by RT-PCR with specific primers. The amplicon was then cloned and sequenced, and the nucleotide sequence of S9 and the amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics. The results showed that, S9 segment of SRBSDV-YNMShi comprises of 1900 nt, and encoded two proteins of P9-1 and P9-2. The nucleotide sequence of S9 segment of SRBSDV-YNMShi shared 99.5%, 99.1%, 98.7% identity with those of Guangdong (GD), Hainan (HN) and Hubei (HB) SRBSDV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis results reconfirmed that SRBSDV was a member of genus Fijivirus, and the isolate of YNMShi could be grouped into the clade of isolates GD and Vietnam other than isolate HN. Bioinformatic analysis results indicated that P9-1 was an unstable hydrophobic protein, and subcellular localized in the nucleus. Random coil was the main structural element of P9-1. Comparison of the amino acid sequences showed that SRBSDV had high homology and similar structure with Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Maize rough dwarf virus (MRCV). P9-2 was a stabilized hydrophilic protein with two transmembrane domains, and subcellular localized on the plasma membrane.ɑ-helix was the main structural element of P9-2, and a conserved G protein-coupled receptor was detected in the P9-2. P9-1 might be one of the key factors for viral replication, and P2-1 might be a membrane protein with the function of transportation.

  The Effects of Different Transplanting Groups and Water Control on Formation of Spike from the Tillers in Rice 2013, 29 (6):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2615 Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 602459KB )   ( 879 ) In order to Controlling the non-effective tillering of rice, improve the ear bearing rate, using potted plant, compared the influence on the tillering dynamics, the ear bearing rate, vegetative growth, root activity with different transplanting groups and water control. The results showed that: after take the measures of tiller control, compared double-plant transplanting, deep water tillering to single-plant transplanting and tiller control by drainage the growth rate of tillering reduced 3.79%-7.06%, Chlorophyll Content in leaf is stability, root activity increased by 5.25 and 5.95 units, roots bleeding intensity increased by 29.04% and 21.17% , improved the ear bearing rate by 9.09% and 10.53% compared with tiller control by drainage, in controlling the non-effective tillering of rice double-plant transplanting was better than single. Double-plant transplanting, deep water tillering control could provide better vegetative growth, controlling the non-effective tillering and improve the ear bearing rate in rice.

  Study on Quality Characters and Stability of Wheat Transgenic HMW-GS Gene Lines and Their Parent 2013, 29 (6):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2049 Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 553885KB )   ( 867 ) In order to study quality changes of transgenic good quality HMW-GS gene lines Longfu06K1079 and Longfu06K1083 between differential years and stability of quality characters, transgenic lines and their parent‘Longfumai8’have planted an isolation area at 2007-2010. Quality analysis had made for 4 years, and significant difference had been made by variance coefficient (CV) and linear regression coefficient (b value). The results showed that quality characters of transgenic lines were improved, development time of Longfu06K1079 and extensibility and area of Longfu06K1083 were significant (P>0.05) for‘Longfumai8’. The reactions for different quality characters to environments were different. Protein content, wet gluten content, extensibility and sedimentation value were relatively stable. Development time, stabilization time, area, maximum resistance showed poor stability. While stability was evaluated by variance coefficient (CV) and linear regression coefficient (b value), stability of Longfu06K1083 was relatively good.

  Effects of Inorganic Elements on Wheat Straw Degradation by Biodegradation Strains 2013, 29 (6):  30-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1282 Abstract + ( 1149 )   PDF ( 864733KB )   ( 932 ) In order to study the effects of different inorganic elements to biodegradation strains, eight macro elements and trace elements were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis in shake flask, thus the optimum nutritional conditions that two biodegradation strains degraded wheat-straw were determined, and then the degradation effects during different pH and time were discussed. Results indicated that, the optimum inorganic nutritional condition and dosage of DG75B strain were Ca 0.005%, Mg 0.015%, Mn 0.0005%, Fe 0.0005% , Mo 0.0005% , on this condition, wheat-straw weightlessness rate was 40.59% after 5 days’treatment, increased by 10.29% in comparison with the control. And the optimum pH to straw degradation was about 6-7. The optimum nutritional condition and dosage of LYZ22 strain were Ca 0.01%, Mg 0.03%, and the optimum pH was about 6. During forty days, variation trend of wheat-straw weightlessness rates and different component contents were from slow to fast in flask, straw weightlessness rate was 43.19% , increased by 16.07% compared to Tstrain. The contents of straw cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin decreased by 43.18% , 54.77%, 22.96%, in comparison with Tstrain the rates increased by 17.29%, 15.36%, 11.28% respectively. Trend of wheat-straw weightlessness rates and different component contents were from fast to slow in experiment of straw returning in sixty days; straw weightlessness rate was 48.48%, increased by 21.88% compared to Tstrain. The contents of straw cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin decreased by 48.27% , 51.41% , 13.83% , the rates respectively increased by 17.95%, 26.52%, 15.81% in comparison with Tstrain.

  The Study of Rubisco Turnover in Wheat Flag Leaves During Senescence 2013, 29 (6):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1365 Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 694474KB )   ( 868 ) In order to study the mechanism of synthesis and degradation about Rubisco, (NH4)2SO4 which was marked by 15N was applied during earing period to delay the falg leaf ageing process, meanwhile the content and 15N abundance of Rubisco, LSU, SSU, etc. were determined. The result showed that the content and the 15N abundance of Rubisco, LSU, SSU were at high level during the RAPD (Relative active photosynthetic duration) of wheat flag leaf, which indicated that Rubisco was at a continuous process of turnover about synthesis and degredation. Rubisco was resynthetized still, while Rubisco was hydrolyzed. During the RPD (rapid photosynthetic duration) of wheat flag leaf, 15N abundance of Rubisco, LSU and SSU were at a lower level, and had little changes. All these indicated that there was little Rubisco resynthesized during RPD. The 15N abundance of soil was declined, and this indicated that plant possessed a powerful ability in absorbing nitrogen from soil during the later upgrowth period. So it was very important for a higher wheat yield to apply nitrogen fertilizer in earing period.

  Drought Disaster Risk Zoning on Winter Wheat in Henan Province Puyang County Based on GIS 2013, 29 (6):  42-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3136 Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 698797KB )   ( 877 ) The aim was to study the drought disaster risk distribution on winter wheat in Puyang County, Henan Province, and promote the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation. According to the surface meteorological observations of Puyang County Henan Province in 1970-2011, the number of occurrence, the area and frequency of winter white drought disaster has been compiled, and then taken as the drought disaster grades 0-1 standardized as the risk factor of drought disaster. Finally, based the Kriging spatial interpolation in ArcGIS, the figure was drawn and the meteorological disaster risk zoning map on winter wheat drought of Puyang County was established. The results showed that: Wuxing, Xinxi and Zian located in the northwest part of Puyang County which was higher winter wheat drought risk. The second was Qinghetou, Luhe, Huzhuang, and Bagongqiao. The lower risk zone was located in the southeastern part of the county, such as, Qucun, Xicheng, Liyuan, Baigang, Wangchenggu, and so on. The map on the development of the incident relief measures, improve the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation of winter wheat provides guidance of science and technology.

  Preliminary Investigation on Difference of Crop Water Stress Index Baseline for Maize 2013, 29 (6):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0756 Abstract + ( 1581 )   PDF ( 892283KB )   ( 831 ) Crop water stress index (CWSI) is an useful tool to quickly assess water status of crop. For usage of CWSI with same baselines for specific crop in different areas under different climate types, we investigated the reason of difference for crop water stress index baseline of summer maize at different treatments. The summer maize field experiments were carried out in red soil areas of south China under different fertilizer treatments during two consecutive years. The results showed that, the morphological indices and leaf age of maize under different nitrogenous fertilizer treatments were different. The low baselines of maize at different growing stage were not same. Fertilization had an effect on low baseline of maize. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the low baselines of maize. The low baseline decreased as the amount of nitrogen fertilization increased. Fertilization also had an effect on upper baseline of maize under severe water stress conditions. The results indicated that, the main reason of difference of CWSI baselines for same crop was the growing conditions and growing stage of crop. The weather condition was the second factor to impact baseline of CWSI.

  Effects of Biodegradable Mulch Film by Reusing Biomass Residue on Degradation in Field and Corn Growth 2013, 29 (6):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0844 Abstract + ( 1468 )   PDF ( 2768913KB )   ( 941 ) To solve the problems of plastic pollution in environment and biomass residue disposal, we carried on the coated experiment using the biodegradable mulch film by reusing biomass residue. In this experiment the effect of biodegradable mulch film on corn growth and its degradation in field was studied. The results showed that, the degradation of mulch films started with small cracks, then the small holes growing, and finally broken down to a lot of pieces at crop harvest stage. During the degradation, the film would be more brittle and thinner, and the black mould would be appeared in the film surface. After 120 days, the weight loss of the film was about 69%-73%. Observation of SEM revealed that the surface of biodegradable mulch films had obvious flaw at this time. At early and middle stage of corn growth, biodegradable mulch films had obvious effect on heat and moisture preservation. The heat preservation could last about 50 days, and the moisture effect could last about 70 days. The degradable mulch films were rich in nutrients, and the films could improve corn yields. This experiment showed that, the degradable mulch films were good in degradation and could promote the growth of corn.

  Effects of Polyaspartic Acid (PASP) and Water-retention Agent on the Growth in Maize (Zea mays L.) at Seedling Stage Under Water Deficit Condition 2013, 29 (6):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1757 Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 529204KB )   ( 961 ) Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of polyaspartic acid (PASP) and water-retention agent on growth in maize at seedling stage under water controlled condition. The results were as following: under soil water stress condition, water-retention agent and PASP indeed promoted the growth of plant root, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. Compared with waters stress treatment, water-retention agent and PASP treatments induced to the increase of root length by 18.2% and 8.3%, the number of side root by 26.3 %, 14.8%, the photosynthesis by 6.6%, 1.4%, and the dry matter by 33.8% and 12.2%, respectively, however, there was no obvious effect of PASP on root vigor under water stress condition, neither for the water-retention agent.

  The Adaptability Study of Irrigation Maize on Water Resource Under Climate Change in Alxa 2013, 29 (6):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1858 Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 761293KB )   ( 981 ) In order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on maize yield and select irrigation method to save water resource which would be taken in the future, under climate change scenarios, crop model and output data of PRECIS regional climate model in the future period, together with historical observation data, were used in the study. It was designed as a number of irrigation levels to simulate maize growth and analyzed the local crop water productivity and optimal irrigation solutions. The results showed that: in historical period, the amount of water usage for irrigation was more than crop needed, and it was not the rational utilization of water resources; under future climate change scenarios, effects of the different irrigation treatments had no marked differences on maize growth duration, however, yield and biomass had bigger responds to irrigation quantity. Crop water productivity reached its maximum 0.68 and 0.80 respectively under A2, B2 climatic scenario while using 58% of the full amount of irrigation. At the meantime, the maize yield accounted for 77%-82% of the fully irrigated corn yield, and it could save water 2700 m3/hm2 compared to fully irrigated treatment. Therefore, the deficit irrigation style would be a scientific and reasonable way to achieve maximum efficiency of irrigation water.

  The Impact of AM Fungi on Soybean Growth with AM Inoculum Addition in Field 2013, 29 (6):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2693 Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 725662KB )   ( 843 ) Taking fertilization group (F) and no-inoculation-fertilization group (CK) as control, soybean were inoculated when sowing with Glomus mosseae (GM) and Glomus intraradices (GI) respectively, the impact of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on soybean biomass, the amount of soybean rhizobium, soil enzyme activity and so on were investigated to further reveal the influence of AM inoculum on crops in field. The results showed that, soybean could be colonized by and form mycorrhiza with both the two AM fungi strains, of which the colonization percentage with GM inoculation was up to 86.6% of the highest, while 78.3% with GI. And both the two AM fungi could dramatically elevate soybean biomass by 7.38% with GM and 3.88% with GI inoculation compared to CK. In addition, the amounts of soybean rhizobium with AM fungi inoculation exceed significantly the two control groups as well, suggesting AM fungi could promote root nodule formation which in turn enhanced soybean nitrogen-fixing ability. Beside, the activities of soil catalase and urease increased significantly with AM inoculum addition and reached their top at branching stage. However, fertilization had a certain inhibitory effects on soil urease activity decreasing its activity in soil, while had no significant effect on soil catalase activity.

  Evaluation of Virus-free Native Cultivars of Sweet Potato in Yunnan Province 2013, 29 (6):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1313 Abstract + ( 1676 )   PDF ( 583581KB )   ( 794 ) For the purpose of making better use of sweet potato native cultivars in Yunnan, we collected and evaluated 27 native sweet potato cultivars in Yunnan Province, and the 6 native sweet potatoes were had virus-free. The results showed some of native cultivar were of high yield, such as‘Puer Huangshu’(20.04 t/hm2),‘Qiubei Beipi’(15.60 t/hm2), some were of high quality, such as‘Yanhe Banlishu’and‘Huapin Zixin’. After removing virus by shoot apex culture, the yields of six native sweet potato were had virus-free,‘Yanhe Banlishu’,‘Jianshui Huishu’,‘Huaping Zixin’,‘Malong Zishu’,‘Kunming Zishu’,‘Jianshui Zishu’increased by 175.8%-200.1%, the yield of‘Jianshui Huishu’was 24.00 t/hm2, increased by 200.1%. It is recommended to collect the native sweet potato and remove the virus by shoot apex culture. It will provide useful sweet potato cultivar for production.

  Study on the Effects of Cultivation of Virus-free Chewing Cane on Dryland 2013, 29 (6):  81-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1154 Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 552248KB )   ( 911 ) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the advantages of cultivation of virus-free fruit sugarcane over virus infected fruit sugarcane in the dryland. Selecting the third-generation stems of virus-freed seedlings and virus infected seedlings of black fruit sugarcane as materials, the comparative experiment of dryland cultivation was conducted under micro-spray irrigation condition. And yield traits, sugar cane stem appearance, quality, root, green leafy were investigated at the maturity process of fruit sugarcane. The results showed that, the plant height, internode length, stem diameter, single stem weight, and sugarcane yield of virus-free fruit sugarcane increased by 25.3 cm, 1.24 cm, 0.12 cm, 0.6 kg, and 23.45% compared with virus infected fruit sugarcane. The ratio of sugarcane flower stems skin, field brix, soluble sugar, and cellulose content decreased by 9.45%, 0.28%, 0.17%, and 0.34% respectively. The dryland labor costs were lower by 46.03%. The cultivation of virus-free fruit sugarcane over virus infected fruit sugarcane in the dryland, which resulted in developed root system, more functional leaves, yield and economic income increasing, was a new way for the development of fruit sugarcane cultivation.

  The Impact of H2O2 Treatment on Stilbene Contents in the Detached Leaves of Two Cultivars Red Grapevine 2013, 29 (6):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2660 Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 1241527KB )   ( 1021 ) The aims were to compare the contents of resveratrol(Res), piceide(PD), pterostilbene (PS),ε-viniferin (ε-VF) in the grape leaves of Hongti (‘Vitis vinifera cv. Red globe’) and Zixiangwuhe (‘Vitis vinifera cv. NO.4 Xin nong’) treated with H2O2, and provide the basis for the comprehensive utilization of waste grape leaves. In present study, the detached grape leaves Hongti and Zixiangwuhe were treated with H2O2 solution to investigate the changes of stilbenes contents by HPLC methods. The results showed those stilbenes accumulated significantly in both dose-dependent and time-dependent manners in H2O2-treated leaves. 4 kinds of stilbenes increased 6 times higher than untreated, with 2.5% H2O2 for 48 hours treatment. Stilbenes contents of Hongti grape leaves was relatively high, the maximum contents of the total stilbenes compounds was 138.82μg/g in treated leaves. H2O2-treated detached grape leaves showed notably increase on stilbenes contents than blank.

  Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of Annual Cyathula officinalis Kuan. from Sichuan Province 2013, 29 (6):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1436 Abstract + ( 1416 )   PDF ( 814211KB )   ( 816 ) The aim was to provide the theoretical basis for improving the yield and utilizing the adequate fertilizer to cultivate Cyathula officinalis. Three accessions of C. officinalis, A3, B1 and B2 from Sichuan were sampled regularly random at different growing time, the contents and the distribution and accumulation characteristic of N, P and K of two parts (aerial and underground) were tested. The dry matter weights were also determined. The dry matter accumulation of all parts from C. officinalis increased steadily with the growing periods. The contents and the distribution and accumulation characteristic of N, P and K of two parts were diversity in different growing periods of C. officinalis. In the whole growth period of C. officinalis, the accumulation of N, P and K was N>K>P, and the content of these nutrient elements were the highest at vegetative growth phase, starting decreasing from reproductive stage. For C. officinalis, the accumulation of N was at vegetative growth phase, P and K were at reproductive stage. For production of 100 kg dry matter, 4.90-6.69 kg N, 0.71-0.79 kg P2O5 and 2.98-5.16 kg K2O were needed. To assure the meet of growth rapidly at August and September, C. officinalis from Sichuan should be given enough base fertilizer in field cultivation. As the important periods at reproduction stage, the speeds of dry matter accumulation were the fastest. So, phosphorus and potassium should be supplied during the late of August (before reproduction stage).

  The Comparative Analysis on Growth Characteristics of Eight Kinds of Pennisetum alopecuroides Qiu Chongyang Yang Jiongchao Guo Herong Lu XiaoLiang Xie Xinming 2013, 29 (6):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0664 Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 567010KB )   ( 892 ) In order to research which kind of Pennisetum alopecuroides is suit to be energy plant, the methods of principal component and cluster analysis were applied to research the growth speed, growth characteristics and growth ability at different period of eight Pennisetum alopecuroides in this paper. The results showed that, the new varieties P. purpureum MT-1 was the best breed on growth ability and comprehensive growth characteristics though not very well on growth speed, (P. americanum×P. purpureum)×P. purpureum cv.‘Guimu NO.1’was the second excellent breed and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott was the worst breed among eight experimental varieties according to the comprehensive performance. By the experiment, we had ultimately drew the conclusion that P. purpureum MT-1 was the best fit energy plant among all experimental varieties, and sometimes (P. americanum×P. purpureum)×P. purpureum cv.‘Guimu NO.1’could be as the substitute to P. purpureum MT-1.

  Differentiation of the Male Inflorescences of Ambrosia trifida 2013, 29 (6):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1452 Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 1466223KB )   ( 803 ) Ambrosia trifida L. is a monoecism plant with unisexual flowers, allergic diseases were induced by which pollens. The primary research of this paper concentrates mainly on the differentiation of the male inflorescence. Using microscope and electron scanning microscope to observe the male differentiation process of Ambrosia trifida L.. The differentiation process was divided in 3 periods that include 9 stages: vegetative growth phase(undifferentiated stage), differentiation phase of the primordium of the male inflorescence(initial period of differentiated growth point,initial period of differentiated male inflorescence,initial period of the primordium of the male inflorescence, middle stage of the primordium of the male inflorescence, telophase of the primordium of the male inflorescence), the differentiation phase of lateral inflorescence (initial period of the primordium of the lateral inflorescence, middle stage of the primordium of the lateral inflorescence, telophase of the primordium of the lateral inflorescence), male flower differentiated stage. The male inflorescence of Ambrosia trifida L. begin differentiating in seedling stage,and the plant start to differentiate when it has a pair of leaves. The lateral inflorescence began to differentiate when plant had 4-6 pairs of leaves.

  Comparative Analysis of Soil Moisture Measured by DZN1 Automatic Station and Manual Work 2013, 29 (6):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1137 Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 740596KB )   ( 843 ) In order to evaluate the monitoring ability of the DZN1 soil moisture, analyze its service benefits, and provide a reference basis for the wide use of the DZN1, the author made a difference contrast and probability the correlation analysis according to the automatic soil moisture observation station and artificial parallel contrast observation of soil relative humidity data on February 28, 2011 to December 13 in Qihe County. The results showed that artificial observation data and the data obtained by the automatic stations were basically the same trend over time, 10 cm and 40 cm soil layer artificial observation data was closed to the automatic station data, manual and automatic observation of 40 cm soil layer of soil relative humidity average difference in the 8 levels for the minimum, 60 cm average difference level to the maximum. The correlation of the data from the manual and automatic observation stations made an excellent performance in all aspects. It gave people the reasons for deviations and instrument problems in running which should be paid more attention to. Summing up the above, it believed that the DZN1 automatic observation station data could replace the artificial observation data.

  Effect of Puccinellia tenuiflora growth on Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity in Saline-alkali Soil 2013, 29 (6):  113-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1448 Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 622760KB )   ( 814 ) The study on the enzymatic characteristics of saline-alkali soil with artificial grass growing can provide biological theoretic evidence for improving grass production ability. This paper discussed change rules of soil cellulase, urease, protease and phosphatase activities with Puccinellia tenuiflora growth in different year. The results showed that four enzymatic activities presented different dynamic regulations in the same childbearing period of Puccinellia tenuiflora growth. Meanwhile phosphatase activity increased at first and then descend, cellulase and urease activity declined, protease activity increased after Puccinellia tenuiflora growing. The correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive relationships between soil cellulase and urease activity (P<0.01), between urease and protease activity (P<0.05), negative relationships between cellulase and protease activity (P<0.05), no relationships between phosphatase and other enzymes. From the above it concluded that seasonal and interannual dynamics of four soil hydrolytic enzymatic activities were different after Puccinellia tenuiflora growing. So further research on theirs underlying mechanisms is necessary.

  Effects of Different Tillage Modes on Metabolic Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Community 2013, 29 (6):  117-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1027 Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 886843KB )   ( 1132 ) The effects of different tillage modes on soil microbe functional diversity were evaluated in this paper through different tillage test on soil before planting. The soil microbial metabolism diversity in four tillage modes including abandoned, tilled, no-tillage and rotary were examined by the method of Biolog ECO-micro plate culture．The result showed that within 168 h of culture, the average well color development (AWCD) was obviously higher in no-tillage than in the tilled mode. The functional diversity, dominance and richness index of soil microbes in no-tillage and abandoned were incredibly similar, when they fell significantly in tilled and rotary treatments. The result of PCA and cluster analysis demonstrated that the carbon source metabolic pattern and ability of the soil microbes in no-tillage was similar to that in abandoned, while it had a significant alteration in tilled and rotary. Different tillage modes could affect the metabolic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities significantly; no-tillage had better protective effect than other tillage modes.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Suitability in Nanping Tobacco-growing Areas 2013, 29 (6):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1383 Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 1012318KB )   ( 873 ) In order to well understand the soil suitability in Nanping tobacco-growing areas, the 18 nutrient indexes in 1101 soil samples collected from tobacco-growing areas were analyzed, and comprehensively evaluated by the methods of statistical method and fuzzy synthetic evaluation. The results indicated that, the soil suitability was medium to high in Nanping tobacco-growing areas, the integrated fertility index (IFI) was 0.628 and ranged from 0.575 to 0.665, the variation coefficient of IFI was 14.04%. The soil suitability could be classified into five grades, the areas of gradeⅢwas the biggest which accounted for 62.49%, and the areas of gradeⅠ-Ⅲaccounted for 80%; there was less discrepancy among different counties, the areas of gradeⅡ-Ⅳaccounted for more than 90%, the IFI values of Yanping and Pucheng were highest, and those of Jian’ou was lowest; 83.05% of towns belonged to gradeⅢ. Therefore, the fertilization suggestion of improving lime or calcium magnesium phosphate, increasing K, complementing B and Cl microelement fertilizer were recommended in Nanping tobacco-growing areas.

  Long-term Effects of Conservation Tillage on Soil Bulk Density in Cropping Zone of Cold Plateau in North China 2013, 29 (6):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1555 Abstract + ( 1104 )   PDF ( 542495KB )   ( 807 ) In order to protect the soil, reduce wind erosion and ensure the production, explore the suitable conservation tillage model for the alpine area in North China, to provide a theoretical basis to the local crop production. Based on located experiment of different farming methods for 9 years in Zhangbei, the ministry of agriculture field station, and in 2007-2008, the author studied the effect of the no-tillage, reduced tillage and traditional tillage soil bulk density. The results showed that 3 types of farming methods at the seeding stage and harvesting stage both with the highest was no tillage and the lowest was traditional tillage, at the seeding stage the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil bulk density of no-tillage, respectively were 1.65 g/cm3 and 1.81 g/cm3, with traditional tillage were 1.38 g/cm3 and 1.47 g/cm3, at harvesting stage there was no significant change. In cold plateau in North China, the soil bulk density of cropping zone had been influenced obviously by different tillage methods, the traditional tillage and reduced tillage could be a significant reduction in soil bulk density. With the bio-power effect of crop root growth, seeding stage and harvesting stage no tillage and reduced tillage in cropping zone soil bulk density was downward trend, and there was no significant change in traditional tillage.

  Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer on Intercropping Advantage and Phosphate Fertilizer Utilization of Different Intercropping System 2013, 29 (6):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1291 Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 604473KB )   ( 833 ) A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizer on LER, the P absorption, phosphate fertilizer absorption efficiency and P intercropping advantage of maize‖faba bean, maize‖soybean, maize‖oil rape intercropping in Quzhou County, Hebei Province. Results showed that, maize‖faba beans LER was 1.24-1.31, maize‖rape LER was 1.20-1.24, and maize‖soybean LER was 1.11-1.15, which were larger than 1, had obvious intercropping advantage. P absorption of different intercropping system were maize‖faba bean > maize‖soybean > maize‖oil rape at three phosphorus levels, were higher than that of monocroped maize by 21.5%-40.2%, 13.3%-22.9%, respectively, and increased with the increasing of P fertilizer except of maize‖oil rape, but the increase rate reduced; P intercropping advantages of three intercropping systems were obvious, and reduced with the increased of P fertilizer except of maize‖soybean. All P fertilizer uptake efficiency of intercropping systems was lower than that of sole cropping maize except of maize‖soybean intercropping with 90 kg/hm2. This suggested that, utilizing soil hard dissolved phosphorus could be improved via the activation phosphorus ability of crops intercropped with maize, which was better when maize‖soybean or maize‖faba bean was intercropped, and 90 kg/hm2 was suitable P fertilizer application.

  Research on the Weight of Cultivation Techniques to Rice Yield Per Unit Area 2013, 29 (6):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0662 Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 697195KB )   ( 848 ) In order to excavate the influence of cultivation techniques on improving rice yield, and find out the limiting factors of improving rice yield, the author discussed the weight of cultivation techniques to rice yield per unit area. The related data of the yield per unit area of rice from 1981 to 2010 and the new rice varieties authorized by Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed. The results indicated that, the overall level of hybrid rice breeding in Sichuan Province was raised to a new stage from 2001 to 2010, however, the yield per unit area of rice was stagnated in 10 years.It Suggested that, the update of varieties could not break through the yield per unit area recently, the complete set of improved breed and cultivation, as well as the research and utilization of high-yield farming system might be the key factor to restrict the yield per unit area of rice. The weight of cultivation techniques was estimated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the result indicated that, fertilization technique > seed selection > irrigation method > planting density > pest and disease control > chemical control measures > seedling-raising method, while there was no significant difference between the basic index layer of fertilization technique, chemical control measures and seedling-raising method, which suggested that the blindness of the utilization of these techniques might still exist in rice production, the research and extension of these techniques in rice cultivation should be strengthened in future.

  Analysis of the Impact of Temperature Changes and Different Sowing Dates on the Growth and Yield of Wheat in Huojia 2013, 29 (6):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1333 Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 683151KB )   ( 854 ) The aim was to analyze the temperature changes and different sowing dates on the Huojia County wheat growth and yield of the impact by using linear analysis methods. The 1960-2010 years temperature data from statistics showed that the average temperature and maximum temperature was significant warming in winter and spring, summer, but decreased, the minimum temperature all year round performance for the warming trend. Through the 2010-2011 winter wheat phased seeding experiments, analysis of the impact of meteorological factors on wheat growth and development of identified wheat suitable for sowing, the author identified key growth period for the Huojia County wheat meteorological factors temperature appropriate indicators, to identify the main meteorological factors affecting the production of wheat late grain filling stage. Sunshine was filling rate of the leading meteorological factors, temperature was a limiting factor, and other meteorological factors affected the general indirect effects, and provided the basis for the development of appropriate scientific measures to improve wheat production in the production.

  Effects of Rotational Tillage on Senescence Metabolism of Leaf and Yield in Summer Maize in Rain Fed Regions of Southern Henan 2013, 29 (6):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0641 Abstract + ( 1796 )   PDF ( 840797KB )   ( 782 ) The research was conducted on the effect of two single practices, including soil tillage and straw management, on the leaf senescence in the late growth stage of summer maize and grain yield in order to find a suitable integrated system in rain fed area of southern Henan. Eight treatments were from the combination of four-year interval subsoiling, three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage, three-year no-tillage followed by subsoiling and four-year no-tillage with the straw mulching and clearance for four years. The results showed that, rotational tillage measures of three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage and three-year no-tillage followed by subsoiling with straw mulching increased chlorophyll content, SOD, POD and CAT activities of ear leaves in the maize, decreased MDA content, and the aging process of maize leaves was slowed down, increased the biomass produced after anthesis, economic coefficient and grain yield. The yield increased by 10.68% with straw mulching treatment compared with no straw mulching; the yield of three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage was increased by 2.60% compared with four-year subsoiling. Three-year no-tillage followed by subsoiling was increased by 4.21% compared with four-year no-tillage. The yield of three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage with straw mulching was increased by 23.32% compared with four-year no-tillage with no straw mulching. Multi factor variance analysis showed that straw mulching treatments, tillage methods and their interaction had significant effects on the yield of summer maize.

  The Impact of Fertilizer on Proso Millet Density, Yield and Agronomic Traits 2013, 29 (6):  160-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0878 Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 832581KB )   ( 774 ) In order to improve the way of the proso millet production, randomized block design was used, two sets of tests fertilizer and no fertilizer treatment were studied, the density of proso millet emergence, yield and agronomic traits was determined. The results showed that, fertilization treatments 10 proso millet varieties emergence density and emergence of tillers per plant density were lower than without fertilization treatment 7777.5 tuft per hectare, 23888.6 stock per hectare. In the case of this study, the fertilization treatments yield was less than no fertilizer production 467.7 kg/hm2, density had a crucial role in improving the yield per unit area. The ear length, plant height, aboveground biomass, grain weight per spike, grain weight, stem diameter of proso millet had different appearance, some increased and some decreased. Fertilization treatments 10 proso millet varieties, panicle length, plant height, the difference between the aboveground biomass and fertilization treatments did not reach significant levels. Some varieties of fertilizer treatments kernel weight per spike, grain weight, stem diameter and fertilization treatments reached significant difference, the stem diameter of fertilization treatments were higher than no fertilizer. In a certain range of living space, the growth of population density of proso millet group in line with the logistic model followed time. Fertilization treatments would cause the burn seedlings of proso millet in this article.

  Effects of Potassium Rates and Planting Density on Potato Yield and Commodity Rate 2013, 29 (6):  166-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1695 Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 540019KB )   ( 823 ) In order to understand the effects of potassium rates and density on potato yield and commodity rate, a field experiment was conducted under plastic covering. Two factors each set three levels, randomized block arrangement, potato of‘ZhongShu NO.3’was supplied. The results showed that: there was very significant difference between different potassium rates (P＜0.01), A2 (K2SO4 375 kg/hm2) > A3 (K2SO4 225 kg/hm2) > A1 (K2SO4 525 kg/hm2), the theoritical K application rate for gaining maximum yield was 367.5 kg/hm2. There was very significant difference between different planting density (P＜0.01), B1 (63000/hm2) > B2 (69000 /hm2) > B3 (78000/hm2). There was a negative correlation between the potato yield and planting density, within the planting density of 63000/hm2-78000/hm2. The theoritical planting density for gaining maximum yield was 63000/hm2. The optimal combination for the maximum yield (17577.7 kg/hm2) was A2B1, with K2SO4 375 kg/hm2 and planting density of 63000/hm2. The commodity rate of different potassium rates was A1 > A2 > A3, the commodity rate decreased with the reducing of potassium rates. The commodity rate of different planting density was B1 > B2 > B3, the commodity rate decreased with the increasing of potassium rates. The theoritical potassium application rate for gaining maximum yield was 367.5 kg/hm2. The optimal combination for the maximum commodity rate (68.4%) was A1B1, with K2SO4 375 kg/hm2 and planting density of 63000/hm2.

  The Application of Chitin and Chitosan in Agriculture 2013, 29 (6):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1582 Abstract + ( 1687 )   PDF ( 762121KB )   ( 2242 ) Chitin widely existed in world and rich in resource, and it is the second largest high molecular compound after cellulose. Chitosan with biocompatibility, bio-functional groups, and safety and non-toxic was reviewed. The paper was gaining more attention in the agriculture. It could be used as soil improvement agent, plant disease inhibitors, seed-coating agent, feed additive, plant growth regulators, cold-resistance agent as well as pesticide carrier and had already been verified in crops, fruits and animal husbandry and aquaculture. The mechanism of action of chitin and chitosan in the various roles of agriculture was researched as well as the main research achievements of predecessors, especially the treatment of chitin and chitosan as seed coating, to coat the seeds or seed soaking effects on crop growth and development as well as its main application mechanism. It concluded that seed-coating or soaking treatment of different crops by chitosan could influence the growth of crops, and analysis showed that chitin and chitosan’s treatment played a very important role on seeds germination and seeding growth, and it could be widely used in the production of crops, and it also had a remarkable economic benefit and research value.

  Biological Effects of Sunflower Seeds Implanted by Carbon Ion 2013, 29 (6):  175-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2075 Abstract + ( 1474 )   PDF ( 696584KB )   ( 744 ) The aim was to study the growth and genetic variation effects of carbon ion implantation and implantation times on different kind of sunflowers. Carbon ions were implanted into‘Ba-sunflower138’,‘Ba-sunflower136’and‘Ba-sunflower118’seeds in dose of 5×1013 C/cm2 respectively, planting and harvesting the seeds to get irradiated again. The author continued the field test, observed the growth conditions of different Ba-sunflowers, and analyzed the genetic variation with RAPD. The germination rate and a number of traits like plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and yields of‘Ba-sunflower138’had a significant improve, while the twice-irradiated group just the opposite; the variation of‘Ba-sunflower136’and‘Ba-sunflower118’was not significant. At the molecular level, the genetic distance with the control group of once and twice-irradiated groups was 0.1111, 0.1087 in‘Ba-sunflower 138’; 0.0680, 0.0303 in‘Ba-sunflower136’and 0.0625, 0.0435 in‘Ba-sunflower118’. Carbon ion implantation had a significant effect on the growth and development of‘Ba-sunflower138’, and its effect varies with irradiation times, at the same time, it could cause genomic variation in the three kinds of sunflowers.

  Study on Salt Tolerance of Callus in Rice with GLDH Gene Overexpressing 2013, 29 (6):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2711 Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 748060KB )   ( 977 ) In order to explore the effect of endogenous ascorbic acid levels on salt tolerance of callus in rice, dynamic changes of some resistance physiological indexes and growth of callus in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) for L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3) overexpressing (GO) under salt stress induced by 1% NaCl were studied. The results showed that growth of GO callus was significantly better than WT, such as faster growth rate, larger and looser callus particles, and pale yellow. Further research found that reduced AsA and total AsA content of GO callus decreased, the content of DHA in general also declined, while its redox potential (AsA/DHA ratio) first increased, late rapid declined under salt stress, while their contents were always higher than WT. MDA content of GO callus increased first and then decreased rapidly, and its content was significantly lower than that of WT. In addition, POD activity of GO callus slightly decreased slightly in early, and late rapidly increased, but its activity was always higher than that of WT. So these results suggested that enhancement of salt tolerance in GO callus was related to increase of AsA content.

  Research on the Diversity and Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains from Wuyuezhai Mountains 2013, 29 (6):  187-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3403 Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 968810KB )   ( 743 ) The aims were to screen the highly toxic and broad spectrum of wild-type Bacillus thuringiensis strain, and analyze the diversity of cry genes. 72 strains were isolated by temperature-antibiotic method. Several shapes of crystals protein were observed by optical microscope, by using of the PCR-RFLP system and SDS-PAGE, the types of cry gene of the 72 strains and the expression of insecticidal crystal proteins were analyzed. 72 strains were screened from soil, thirteen kinds of cry gene and nine gene combinations were found by using PCR-RFLP. The result of SDS-PAGE analysis showed that these strains expressed 130 kDa, 90 kDa and 50 kDa proteins in the first. Twenty strains of them were highly toxic to both Plutella xylostella and Helicoverpa armigera, four strains showed highly toxic to Holotrichia oblita larvae. All results showed the great diversity of Bt strains in Wuyuezhai Mountains.

  Study on Herbicidal Activity of Three Eucalypt Leaf Extracts 2013, 29 (6):  191-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2647 Abstract + ( 1343 )   PDF ( 680803KB )   ( 881 ) The paper was to study and compare herbicidal bioactivities of the three eucalypt leaf extracts, so as to lay the foundation for research and development of herbicides, and comprehensive development and utilization of eucalypt. Three eucalypt leaf extracts were bioassayed by seed germination method with sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and rape (Brassica campestris) as indicators, and the affection of the length of the roots and the stems were studied. All the three extracts showed strong inhibition effect to the roots and the stems of the four indicators, and the IC50 were 0.5076, 0.5540, 0.6493 mg/mL against the roots, and 0.5187, 0.5811, 0.6882 mg/mL against the stems of sorghum; and 0.5117, 0.6717, 0.9062 mg/mL against the roots，and 0.4448, 0.4740, 1.5659 mg/mL against the stems of wheat; and 1.7126, 2.3397, 1.8512 mg/mL against the roots，and 3.0538, 2.0922, 4.0444 mg/mL against the stems of cucumber; and 0.0258, 0.8069, 0.9425 mg/mL against the roots，and 0.2462, 1.3375, 1.4521 mg/mL against the stems of rape. All the three extracts showed high herbicidal activity, among which the extracts of Eucalyptus robusta showed the highest herbicidal activity, then followed Eucalyptus globulus, and Eucalyptus maideni the lowest. So if eucalypt was used as resource to develop herbicides, Eucalyptus robusta should be planted.

  Effects of Three Biological Insecticides on Pieris rapae and Arthropod Community in Spring Cabbage Fields 2013, 29 (6):  195-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2742 Abstract + ( 1291 )   PDF ( 483093KB )   ( 821 ) Based on the field experiments and systematic investigation, the effects of three bioinsecticides, abamectin, Bt and‘Aolv No.1’, on the population of Pieris rapae and the arthropod community in spring cabbage fields were studied in this paper in order to constitute the integrated control methods of Pieris rapae scientifically. The results showed that: the three bioinsecticides had evident control effects on population growth of Pieris rapae, were able to reduce the total individuals and raise the diversity and stability of the arthropod community in spring cabbage fields. The use of abamectin and‘Aolv No.1’for the control of Pieris rapae was able to raise the ratio of number of natural enemy to insect pest and helpful to protect and promote the control effects of natural enemies to insect pests in cabbage fields.

  Identification of the Potential New Hosts of Ralstonia solanacearum and Thinking of Control Strategies for Bacterial Wilt 2013, 29 (6):  199-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2860 Abstract + ( 1396 )   PDF ( 592012KB )   ( 973 ) In order to prevent crops bacterial wilt by making full use of agricultural management, reasonable rotation and interplanting technology, combined with the actual agricultural ecology of Yunnan Province, three common weeds in the field of Kunming, Salvia dugesii Fernald, Dature stramonium Datura L., and Commelina communis L. were inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum in the greenhouse at 28℃, by following Koch's postulates: inoculation, isolation, re-inoculation and re-isolation to verify the bacterial pathogenicity. The results showed that after inoculation, the three weeds produced typical symptoms of bacterial wilt, i.e. black lesion appeared firstly at the inoculation site, and then whole plant wilt, and lots of bacterial ooze were observed. With the consideration of the fact that the three weeds were not infected by R. solanacearum in the nature and enrich the bacterium at their roots, it was inferred that they should be the bacterial potential hosts. These results could provide references to make management strategies for crops bacterial wilt.

  Detection of African Cassava Mosaic Virus by Real-time Fluorescent PCR Combining with Magnetic Nanoparticles 2013, 29 (6):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2022 Abstract + ( 1322 )   PDF ( 1129696KB )   ( 980 ) The aim of establishing a sensitive and rapid real-time fluorescent PCR combining with magnetic nanoparticles method to detect African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) was to prevent the ACMV from introducing into China. By using TaqMan probe combining with magnetic nanoparticles technique and coat protein gene as the target gene, the MNP fluorescent PCR detection method was established after specificity and sensitivity experiments. The MNP fluorescent PCR detection technique was successfully developed. The sensitivity of the method was 13 pg of DNA, which was 25 times higher than that of the conventional PCR and ELISA method. The method had good specificity and could effectively distinguish four geminiviruses, ACMV, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) and Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV). The MNP fluorescent PCR method was rapid and accurate for ACMV detection of stem and leaf samples and could reduce the risk of cross-contamination without any PCR post-processing, which could be applied to the field of port inspection and quarantine.

  The Study on Instant Pu-erh Tea with High Stability 2013, 29 (6):  208-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1918 Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 764212KB )   ( 1019 ) The stability of instant tea product affected the market sales, and the aim was to produce mass instant tea with high stability. Utilizing Yunnan Pu-erh tea as materials, the processing technology parameters of instant Pu-erh tea with high stability was studied. The instant Pu-erh tea with high stability was obtained by following processing technology parameters. The temperature was at 70-75℃, twice extract with 1:20 of the ratio of tea to water, addingβ-CD cyclic dextrin about 10% of tea quantity. Tea liquor cooled to 30℃before ceramic membrane filtering, and then cooled to 17-18℃for standing sufficiently after ceramic membrane filtering. The Instant Pu-erh tea by this processing technology met the requirement of material for processing soft tea drink.

  The Dynamic Changes of Major Chemical Components of Flue-curing Tobacco Leaf in Bulk-curing of Different Wet Bulb Temperature of Key Temperatures 2013, 29 (6):  213-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2573 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 702376KB )   ( 891 ) The experiment was conducted to solve the insufficient degradation of dry matter and inadequate aroma matter in flue-cured tobacco leaf in application of bulk-curing barn.‘K326’was used as the material in experiment, and the dynamic changes of major chemical components of flue-curing tobacco leaf in bulk-curing of different stable time of key temperatures were evaluated in Liuyang City of Hunan Province. The results indicated that: (1)in 0-42℃during the bulk curing process, the starch decreased fast, while total sugar and reducing sugar content and ratio of total sugar with nicotine increased fast. In 42-47℃during the bulk curing process, the starch decreased slowly, while total sugar and reducing sugar content and ratio of total sugar with nicotine increased slowly. At later stage of bulk curing process, different chemical composition in leaves had a trend to be stable. (2)The nicotine and total nitrogen content had a trend to be decreased, while changed little. The ratio of total nitrogen with nicotine changed little. (3)The chemical components would more harmonious when wet bulb temperature proper increased in yellowing period and color fixed period.

  Effect of Different Processing on the Characteristics of Lotus-seed Starch Paste 2013, 29 (6):  217-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2744 Abstract + ( 1448 )   PDF ( 658402KB )   ( 791 ) In this paper, the effect of different processing (high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic, and microwave) on the characteristics of Lotus-seed starch paste were studied for inhibiting starch retrogradation of Lotus-seed juice. The results showed that, the retrograde deposition (RD) of Lotus-seed starch paste was proportional to the intrinsic viscosity (Ⅳ). The high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonic treatment could decrease significantly theⅣand RD of Lotus-seed starch paste. Under the conditions of the test, high-pressure homogenization could decrease the RD from 78.0% to 32.7%, and ultrasonic treatment would do it from 77.8% to 41.4%. But, microwave treatment had few affect on starch paste. The results suggested that high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonic treatment had a certain application value for manufacturing lotus-seed liquid products such as lotus-seed juice.