Abstract: In order to identify the ecological conditions of herders’pastures at different economic levels, based on the households in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, the vegetation and soil nutrient characteristics of herders’pasture at different economic levels were analyzed. The results showed that aboveground biomass was highest in the winter pasture, and there were no significant differences among different treatments (P>0.05); as for soil mechanical composition, the soil sand (1-0.05 mm) content in 0-30 cm soil layer was highest at pastures of herders at low economic level, and soil clay (<0.001 mm) content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were highest at pastures of herders at middle economic level; as for the total nitrogen and available nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer, it showed that winter pasture and pastures of herders at low economic level had the most contents, respectively, and there were no significant differences among different treatments for total nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer (P>0.05); total phosphorus content was highest at winter pasture and lowest at pastures of herders at high economic level, and available phosphorus content was lowest at pastures of herders at low economic level; soils of winter pastures had highest total and available potassium contents, and there were no significant differences among different treatments for total potassium content (P>0.05).