Abstract: In order to understand the growth status of the Populus euphratica community under well-preserved conditions, the 1 hm2 permanent plot was established near the coast of the middle reaches of the Tarim River in the south of Xinjiang. The results showed that: the dominant species of the community vertical layers were more obvious, and formed the desert riparian forests types as P. euphratica+Tamarix chinensis+Phragmites communis and Calamagrostis pseudophragmites; P. euphratica populations were stable populations, the number of individuals in the different diameters was reasonable; the spatial distributions of the P. euphratica populations conformed to clumped patterns in different scales; P. euphratica populations changed from clumped pattern to random pattern during their upgrowth.