Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.22 Published:05 August 2013

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  Studies on the Biological Character of Flowering of Ancient Male Ginkgo Biloba Trees in Different Areas——1,Analysis of Flowering Phenology and the feature of flower spikes 2013, 29 (22):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0797 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 484386KB )   ( 592 ) The biological character of flowering were studied in 33 ancient male ginkgo trees which came from main distribution areas of Ginkgo Boliba L in China. The results showed that the flowering period of male ginkgo trees ranged from late March to middle April and flowering lasted for 3～7 days from south to north in 2006; the number of flower spikes on short shoot of 33 ancient male ginkgo trees ranged from 3.1 to 6.02 per shoot and the average number was 4.53 per shoot; the length of flower spikes ranged from 16.55mm to 32mm and the average number was 25.25mm; the width of flower spikes ranged from 5.2mm to 8.19mm and the average number was 6.83mm; the anther number of flower spikes ranged from 36.68 to73.26, and the average number was 50.31. Variance analysis indicated that 4 indexes among 33 ancient male ginkgo trees had significant difference.

  Study on Photosynthetic Characteristic Variation of Different Families of Cyclobalanopsis gilva at Seedling Stage 2013, 29 (22):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0725 Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 708073KB )   ( 620 ) Research photosynthetic characteristic variation of different families of Cyclobalanopsis gilva, providing theoretical basis for family selection and heredity resources conservation. Test materials were 1 year’s Cyclobalanopsis gilva, seedling about 7 families. Study the differences about photosynthetic characteristic of families. The results indicated: Among the families seedling, the Pn, Chl, Gs and Tr had significant differences. Gs, Tr were significant correlation with Pn. Pn was significant negative correlation with Ci. The photosynthetic characteristic among families existed significant hereditary variation. Gs maybe the key factor. In the selecting families, the 6th was the best.

  Study on Photosynthetic Characteritic of Tetraploid and Diploid Lagerstroemia indica L. 2013, 29 (22):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0723 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 665567KB )   ( 639 ) In order to analyze the differences on photosynthetic characteristics of tetraploid and diploid Lagerstroemia indica L.and develop high- quality forest, CIRAS-1 portable photosynthesis system was employed to measure various photosynthetic physiological parameters and their variation regularities in tetraploid and diploid Lagerstroemia indica L.The results showed that: Both the diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) of etraploid and diploid Lagerstroemia indica L. showed a single- peak curve,but the peak value appeared at different hours. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency had significant difference between the tetraploid and diploid Lagerstroemia indica L.and the transpiration rate, apparent quantum yield and carboxylation efficiency had no significant difference . Light saturation point ( LSP) of diploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[1445μmol/(m2?s)]was lower than that of tetraploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[1670μmol/(m2?s)] and light compensation point ( LCP) of diploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[12.23μmol/(m2?s)] was lower than that of tetraploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[42.2μmol/(m2?s)].CO2saturation point (CSP) of diploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[1200μmol/mol] was lower than that of tetraploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[1427.5μmol/mol] and CO2saturation point ( CCP) of diploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[32.24μmol/mol]was lower than that of tetraploid Lagerstroemia indica L.[35.71μmol/mol]．The chlorophyll content of unit leaf area of tetraploid Lagerstroemia indica L. were significantly higher than that of the diploid Lagerstroemia indica L. ( P ＜0. 05) ．

  Analysis of Soil Nutrient for Camellia Forest Land in Guangdong 2013, 29 (22):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0349 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 507569KB )   ( 707 ) This article surveyed and analyzed the soil nutrient status for Camellia forest land in Guangdong, and the results showed that: soil nutrient content in different experimental area and different experimental points in the same test area had a great difference, so we must be adopted different fertilization measures according to the actual situation when Camellia nutrient management; epipedon available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content was significantly higher than the content of subsoil, we should be paid attention to in fertilization depth in order to facilitate the root absorption of nutrients; soil pH and organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and Ca2+ were positively correlated, and negatively correlated with Mg2+, we could conducted soil improvement and adjusted fertilization formula based on soil pH.

  DNA Methylation in Polyploidy Mulberry by MSAP Analysis 2013, 29 (22):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0893 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 1223802KB )   ( 787 ) DNA methylation was considered to be the best way to study on epigenetic phenomenon of autopolyploid. The levels and patterns of methylation in mulberry were studied based on ‘Shinichinose’, ’Shansang 305’and’Shansang 402’. 21 primers combinations were selected to apply MSAP analysis. 507, 507 and 511 sites were detected respectively in ‘Shinichinose’, ’Shansang 305’and’Shansang 402’. The results showed that the total methylation level had little differences in ‘Shinichinose’,’Shansang 305’and’Shansang 402’ as a whole. The methylation patterns of mulberry had a large amount of adjustment after polyploidization, type B was the most and type C following behind in all types. It is conjectured that the DNA methylation maked the genome double and regulated gene expression to appear the advantages of agronomic traits.

  Analysis on the Eco-health Function of Five Typical Urban Green Species in Beijing 2013, 29 (22):  26-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0720 Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 1354712KB )   ( 661 ) Having made considerable progress in recent years, the urban forestry construction is gradually transforming its concerns from focusing on function and aesthetics to eco-health function. Due to the lack of researches on the eco-health function of most-used plants species, in this study, five typical urban green species (Populus tomentosa, Salix matsudana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, Poa Annua and arbor -shrub-grass green space) in three representative urban green spaces were monitored for the concentration of air anion, the air temperature and relative humidity, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), and the noise level at different locations of green spaces in different seasons. Some conclusions can be seen from the results: (1) compared to the five single-specie arbor groves, arbor -shrub-grass green space has better eco-health function. Using the concentration of CO2 as an example, the highest concentration of air anion was found in a arbor -shrub-grass green space(435×10-6) ;(2) deciduous trees has better eco-health function in foliaceous period, while showed poor eco-health function in foliage-falling period. Using the concentration of air anion as an example, the highest number was found in deciduous tree groves(Salix matsudana) 1500 cm-3; (3) in terms of maintaining the eco-health function, evergreen conifer groves, represented by oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis), showed a more steady result. The difference of the air anion concentrations is 154cm-3 ,which is half of the difference of deciduous specie(Poplus tomentosa)

  Effect of Different Treatments on Seed Germination of Carex brunnescens 2013, 29 (22):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0823 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 557099KB )   ( 643 ) In order to fully understand the dormancy mechanism and germination process, to solve the breeding problems of Carex brunnescens seeds. The seed germination experiment of Carex brunnescens was carried out. After the seeds were dealt with physical methods (soaked with hot water, scarification, stratification), chemical methods (seed soaking by H2SO4, NaOH, GA3) and integrated methods. The results showed that Carex brunnescens had dormancy characteristic and not germination in natural condition. 10% NaOH and scarification+GA3 1000 mg/L take some effect in breaking dormancy and promoting germination. The germination percentage was 13.75% and 12.5%, respectively.

  Gene Cloning and Protein Structure Implications of a sHSP16A from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 2013, 29 (22):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0850 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 3155530KB )   ( 607 ) The molecular chaperones of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are key components that contribute to nematode survival in higher temperatures stress response. In heat shock, the sHSPs help the cell survival by the way of cell repair. A Bursaphelenchus xylophilus sHSP16A gene, Bx-sHSP16A, were found and well studied. The sHSP16A conserved motif “F-polar-R-polar-aromatic-x-L-P” and “I/L-x-I” were found in Bx-sHSP16A. Bx-sHSP16A has the chaperonelike functions. Bx-sHSP16A interact with many proteins, well studies of those proteins will help us understand the pathway related with sHSPs. In the Bx-sHSP16A dimer, the C terminus` “I/L-x-I” of the subunit A binding with the groove of the subunit B. These results indicated that Bx-sHSP16As could form oligomer. The chaperone activity of the Bx-sHSP16As oligomer has been postulated to coincide with the exposure of hydrophobic interface sites after a temperature-regulated subunit exchange or dissociation of the oligomer.

  HPLC Measure the Phenolic acid and Flavonoid Relate to the Lignin Biosynthesis 2013, 29 (22):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0056 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 1051129KB )   ( 1182 ) The aim was to establish a research method to measure the phenolic and flavonoid which relate to plant lignin biosynthesis. Organic reagent and ultrasonication were used for plant phenolic and flavonoid extract, HPLC was used for the measurement of six plant phenolic and five flavonoid. Tobacco was used as sample to test the HPLC measure method, the result show that HPLC method for the phenolic and flavonoid relate to plant lignin biosynthesis is efficient which can isolate 6 different phenolics and 5 different flavonoids in one test；organic reagent and ultrasonication are useful to extract plant phenolic and flavonoid; the retention time of p-Coumaric, Ferulic, Caffeic, Cinnamic, Sinapic and 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid are 18.11, 20.03, 20.51, 20.76, 22.86 and 26.23; the retention time of Myricetin, quercetin, phloretin, naringenin and kaempferol are 9.06, 12.01, 14..96, 15.23, 16.12. The method made foundation for the research of plant lignin biosynthesis.

  Analysis on Community Diversity of Larix Gmelini Community at the GreaterXingan Mountains 2013, 29 (22):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0367 Abstract + ( 973 )   PDF ( 552574KB )   ( 800 ) In this paper, it selects the main of the area forest dominant species communities in this area as the object of this study to analyze the spatial distribution population patterns of the dominant species diversity distribution law of Daxinganling forest community from the stand scale. The major result of this article were hereby described as follows: Daxinganling the total number of the species distribution range of 0-28 species, and the variation on the vertical structure of community showed the herbaceous layer species richness index above the shrub layer and tree layer.The highest species richness appeared in Larix gmelinii communities of Alihexilingti forest with more species of shrub and herb layers. The lowest species richness appeared in Larix gmelinii communities of Keyihekuya forest with less herb layer species.

  The Analysis of Community Structure Characteristics of Populus euphratica in the Middle Reaches of Tarim River 2013, 29 (22):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0555 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 595341KB )   ( 618 ) In order to understand the growth status of the Populus euphratica community under well-preserved conditions, the 1 hm2 permanent plot was established near the coast of the middle reaches of the Tarim River in the south of Xinjiang. The results showed that: the dominant species of the community vertical layers were more obvious, and formed the desert riparian forests types as P. euphratica+Tamarix chinensis+Phragmites communis and Calamagrostis pseudophragmites; P. euphratica populations were stable populations, the number of individuals in the different diameters was reasonable; the spatial distributions of the P. euphratica populations conformed to clumped patterns in different scales; P. euphratica populations changed from clumped pattern to random pattern during their upgrowth.

  The Ecological Characteristics Analysis of Allium mongolicum Populations in Minqin Desert Area 2013, 29 (22):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0826 Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 566750KB )   ( 752 ) In order to clarify the ecological characteristics of the Allium mongolicum populations in Minqin desert area, and better preserve and rationally develop and utilize the germplasm resources. Through field survey methods, using the theory of plant ecology populations, selecting the wild Allium mongolicum populations as the research object, the author carried on the study of Allium mongolicum’s characteristics, population composition, quality characteristics and population spatial distribution pattern, and analyzed the soil type, soil nutrients and salt of the distribution of Allium mongolicum in Minqin. The results showed that: in different distribution area, there were two kinds of soil, gray-brown desert soil and wind sand. Soils were relatively barren, and all for alkaline soil. The population structure of Allium mongolicum was relatively simple, in total of 10 families, 21 genera and 25 kinds. From the vegetation geographical elements, the dominant plants were typical gobi desert and grassland of the dessert plant, and part of the ancient Mediterranean ingredients and desert endemic constitute. On the spatial distribution pattern, most of Minqin area were uniformly distributed, only a small part of is random distribution.

  Spatial Variability Pattern of Surface Mineral Soil in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Ailao Mountains 2013, 29 (22):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0948 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 649850KB )   ( 587 ) In order to reveal spatial heterogeneity pattern of surface mineral soil carbon and macro-nutrients in subtropical evergreen forests, the author investigated carbon and nutrients variability of surface mineral soil (0-10 cm) in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountains, and employed grid-sampling method to collect soil samples and found that spatial variability of soil total phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium revealed constructive variation and the effective range of these three variables approach 300 m. The models of semi-variogram of soil total carbon, total nitrogen and exchangeable potassium were linear models, which meant that spatial variation of these three variables was non-constructive stochastic variation. It was concluded that: part of soil nutrients in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest exhibited spatially constructive variation on the present sampling scale.

  Effects of Re-vegetation Models on Soil Infiltration Characteristics on Sloping-land with Purple Soils in Hengyang 2013, 29 (22):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0835 Abstract + ( 758 )   PDF ( 530152KB )   ( 556 ) Soil infiltration depends on many internal and external factors, and is closely correlated with vegetation types, soil characteristics. In order to determine the effects of re-vegetation models to soil infiltration, the author used bare land as a control and measured soil initial infiltration, stable infiltration, average infiltration and accumulative water quantity as soil infiltration capability, and determined the relationship between soil infiltration capability and soil physical properties under 5 re-vegetation models. The results showed that: (1) the infiltration capability of 4 re-vegetation models was higher than that of bare land, the order of soil infiltration capability from high to low was: Liquidamdar formosana×Melia azedarach＞Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia×Robinia pseudoacacia＞Lagerstroemia indica×Abelia chinensis＞Comm. Setaria viridis×Cynodon dactylon＞the bare land, and the relationship among the soil initial infiltration, stable infiltration, average infiltration and accumulative water quantity match the equlity: α=0.4865α1+0.4982α2+0.5123α3+0.5202α4 (αi was the standard data of the index); (2) The fitting effect of Horton infiltration model on soil infiltration process in each plot was good (R2≥0.775), which had good applicability; (3) Correlation analysis showed: there were significant or very significant positive relationship between soil infiltration and ＞2 mm and 2-0.25 mm soil percentage, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity percentage, saturd electricity, and there were significant or very significant negative relationship between soil infiltration and bulk density and there were no significant or very significant negative relationship between soil infiltration and soil deep, ＜0.25 mm soil percentage. +0.5202 （ was the standard data of the index）; (2)The fitting effect of Horton infiltration model on soil infiltration process in each plot was good(R2≥0.775),which had good applicability;(3)Correlation analysis showed:There were significant or very significant positive relationship between soil infiltration and ＞2mm and 2—0.25mm soil percentage, capillary porosity and non—capillary porosity percentage,saturd electricity,and there were significant or very significant negetive relationship between soil infiltration and bulk density and there were no significant or very significant negetive relationship between soil infiltration and soil deep, ＜0.25mm soil percentage.

  Researchs on Soil Seed Bank of Ammopiptanthus 2013, 29 (22):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0540 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 673044KB )   ( 604 ) This article researched on soil seed bank of Ammopiptanthus by a combination way of quadrats survey, seed Identification, germination,to reveal the feature of soil seed bank and the relationship between the soil seed banks and population regeneration. The results show:The soil seed bank of Ammopiptanthus is relatively rich,the average density is 11seeds/m2; The seed mainly present on the soil surface,It is possible that there are some seeds in 0-2cm depth soil if crust exists,there is no seed below that; Seed germination rate and soil seed bank is negatively correlated,A place with high soil seed bank,but has low seed germination rate, This contradiction leads scarce seedling, and then Impacts the population regeneration of it.

  The Main Factors Influencing the Content of Aromatic Substance in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves and Possible Measures for Improving Its Content 2013, 29 (22):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3985 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 580474KB )   ( 726 ) The main types of aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves and the factors influencing its content were reviewed in this paper. It was thought that genetic and ecological environment variance, cultivation and curing practices were the main limiting factors for improving aroma substance content. Moreover, it was suggest that transplanting at reasonable time and density, optimal fertilization, harvest and curing when leaves mature, as well as chemical control technology, have more potential to improve aroma substance content in flue-curd tobacco leaves.

  The Effects of Fertilization and Plant Density on the Nutrient Physiology of Ramie 2013, 29 (22):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0088 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 695712KB )   ( 647 ) New ramie variety 0501 was used in this research, in order to exploring the comprehensive effects and nutrition physiology of fertilizer and plant density on ramie yield and quality. Orthogonal rotated combination design was used to study the nutrient accumulation and distribution in ramie. The main results showed that: nitrogen significantly effected on NPK contents in ramie plant, nitrogen fertilizer promoted nitrogen accumulation, but decreased the accumulation of phosphorus and potash in ramie plant. Potash fertilizer can increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium in the ramie leather. There are some differences in nutrition distribution between first and second season of ramie plant.

  Study on Nutritional features of Potassium in Different Genotypes of Tissue Culture Sugarcane Seedling 2013, 29 (22):  96-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4173 Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 687763KB )   ( 587 ) The potassium nutritional characteristics of five sugarcane genotypes were studied using tissue culture technology. The results showed that five genotypes had different potassium nutritional characteristics. With the concentration of potassium in culture medium in ranged of 0 ~ 30 mmol/L, the net fresh weight increase (NFWI) of YT60 and YT55 were highest at 15 mmol/L, while ROC22, YT236 and YY618 reached the maximum at 20 mmol/L. However, the net dry weight increase (NDWI) of five genotypes all reached the maximum at 20 mmol/L. Under low-K level (with the potassium concentration in range of 0~0.2 mmol/L), the NFWI and NDWI of YT60 and YT55 were significantly higher than YT236 and YY618. In addition, the potassium content and potassium accumulation in plantlets of each genotype increased with the increase of potassium concentration in the medium.

  Study on relationship between main chemical components of eco-organic tobacco from Guizhou province and sensory quality 2013, 29 (22):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0347 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 779756KB )   ( 573 ) Main chemical components and sensory quality of 42 eco-organic tobacco samples from 6 grades and 7 production sites in Guizhou Province (Guiding, Xingyi, Tianzhu, Weining, Wuchuan, Daozhen, Zunyi) were analyzed to study relationship between main chemical components and sensory quality. The results showed that chemical components of samples of each production site were more coordination. Two sugar ratio substantially was in the appropriate range. The difference of the nicotine content between different areas was little and the nicotine and chlorine content of the upper part of leaf in the multi-region was lower. The sensory quality and tobacco comprehensive quality were better. The strength was declined, especially Zunyi, Daozhen and Wuchuan and the fragrance of the tobacco in Weining was more significant. The aroma quality, aroma quantity, flammability, gray, and smoking total score of the measured samples were highly significant negative correlation with the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine. The biting taste was a significant positive correlation with total sugar and reducing sugar content.

  Cloning and Expression of atp8 Gene in Carrot and Its Relationship to Cytoplasmic Male Sterility 2013, 29 (22):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4188 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 964288KB )   ( 529 ) Abstract: Expression of abnormal open reading frame formed by mitochondrion gene recombination plays a very important role in the plant cytoplasmic male sterility. In this study, carrot mitochondrion gene fragments atp8 associated with cytoplasmic male sterility were isolated and cloned. Compared with sterile line, maintainer line atp8 gene has a lot of mutations between 30 bp and 170 bp, and the sequence between 154 bp and 162 bp was missed. Blast analysis indicated that maintainer line atp8 gene shares an identity of 100% with carrot nad6 gene. The expression analysis using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Real-time PCR demonstrates that expression of atp8 gene in carrot sterile line is significantly lower than in maintainer line besides the flowering stage. These researchers indicated that abnormal expression of atp8 gene has a close relationship with carrot cytoplasmic male sterility.

  Different Types of Dried Chilies Spiciness Assessment and Hybridizing Genetic Analysis 2013, 29 (22):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4069 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 607712KB )   ( 973 ) The research was analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determination the capsaicin content and its spiciness grading for different sources and different shapes of 31 chilies’ local varieties and 31 F1, in order to establish the international standards of spiciness assessment systems for chilies breeding. The results showed that the average of 31 local varieties spiciness was (x±s) (39.054±42.558)×103 SHU, and it was spiciness 8.The spiciness of south chilies that derived from hot and humid areas (7 to 10) was significantly higher than the chilies that derived from dried and large daily temperature difference areas (5 to 6).Moreover, in different sizes of chilies, the results as followed: the spiciness of small chilies (meters peppers, pickled chilies and red cluster peppers) (9)> line peppers (8)> large fruit peppers (Yang-Jiao Chilies) (6). The mid-parent heterosis was 73.0% and the heterobeltiosis was 19.0% in the spiciness of hybridizing genetic effects, and the average dominance was 3.1. The spiciness of genetic effects and its expression could be influenced by different combinations or environmental climate factors.

  Study on Pericarp Color Heredity of Yellow Cayenne Pepper and Breeding of Male Sterile Line 2013, 29 (22):  120-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1127 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 509125KB )   ( 612 ) In order to breed new pepper variety with yellow peel, pericarp color inheritance and its relevance with male sterility of Cayenne pepper was investigated using material of American highly self-crossing line, red color male sterile line and maintainer line. The result showed that the pericarp color was a kind of quantitative character controlled by a pair of allelic gene, and the red one was dominant to the yellow one. Character of sterility and color was independently inherited without any linkage, based on which the yellow maintainer line was chosen as recurrent parent to breed yellow male sterile line, thus “three line mating” was realized and theoretical foundation was build in yellow cayenne pepper breeding.

  Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Fruit Rot Disease of Pomelo 2013, 29 (22):  125-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0246 Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 704581KB )   ( 917 ) Fruit Rot Disease was one of the most important disease harming pomelo in recent years. The pathogen was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae according to the morphology and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA (ITS). The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 25-30℃. The pathogen could grow under pH 4-11. Fructose and glycine could be used as better carbon and nitrogen sources for growth of L.theobromae, respectively. Urea cannot be effectively used.

  The Influences of the Treatments Calcium and Chitosan and Hot Water on the Storage of Indian Jujube Fruits (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) 2013, 29 (22):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3999 Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 809655KB )   ( 566 ) In order to research the green pre-treatment technology of Indian jujube fruits cold-storage improving the effects on fruits qualities and the physiological mechanisms on anti-oxidation, the experiment was designed in orthogonal test. Indian jujube fruits were treated with 3 factors such as calcium and chitosan and hot water. The influences of the 3 factors on the storage of Indian jujube fruits were explored in this paper. The results indicated that: the treatment of every factor reduced the rate of weight loss of fruits. The treatments calcium and hot water increased the rate of intact fruit, and the treatment chitosan reduced the rate of intact fruit. The treatment of every factor didn’t influence the TSS in flesh, and the treatments led to the change in TA in flesh, and the rate TSS/TA in flesh of the treatments were significantly higher than that of CK or had insignificant difference between the treatments and CK. The treatment of every factor reduced the content of MDA in flesh. The treatments could inhibit the activity of PPO in flesh. Basically the treatment calcium increased the activity of SOD in flesh, and the treatment chitosan reduced the activity of SOD in flesh, and the treatment hot water didn’t influence the activity of SOD in flesh. The treatments calcium and hot water didn’t inhibit the activity of POD in flesh and increased its activity during some short periods. The treatment chitosan had insignificant influences on the activity of POD before the early 15 days. The treatments didn’t inhibit the activity of CAT in flesh, and increased the activity of CAT in flesh at the peak. In summary, the treatments calcium and hot water could improve the storage effects and loosen the injuries of reactive oxygen species.

  The Study on the Cutting Propagation System of Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. 2013, 29 (22):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0154 Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 574142KB )   ( 651 ) To establish a highly efficient propagation system of Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. and improve its reproductive rate, to meet the market demand of its germchit and promote its extension and development, research on cutting propagation of Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. by cutting medium, hormone, months and so on. The best suitable hormone was NAA 40 mg/L with immersion 4 h, the rooting rate was 70.37%, the better suitable hormone combination was IAA 40 mg/L+ IBA 40 mg/L, IAA 40 mg/L+ NAA 40 mg/L, NAA 40 mg/L+ IBA 20 mg/L, NAA 40 mg/L+ IBA 40 mg/L, the rooting rate was higher than 50%. The best month of twig cutting of Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. was March, the rooting rate was 72.22%. All above of the average number of rooting was 4 more each plant, and the average root length was longer than 3 cm. The best hormone of hardwood cutting of Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. was IAA 300 mg/L with immersion 2 h, the rooting rate was 59.13%, the average number of rooting was 10.08 each plant, and the average root length was 8.38 cm, the longest root length was 16.93 cm, the inductive rates of callus tissue was 33.37%. The best rooting powder was S2 (Guoguang rooting powder), the rooting rate was 52.67%, the average number of rooting was 9.34 each plant, the average root length was 8.36 cm, the longest root length was 15.5 cm, the inductive rates of callus tissue was 35.67%. Suitable month, suitable condition of temperature and humidity, suitable cutting medium, and suitable hormone treatment was used, could improve the cutting survival rate of Lonicera hypoglauca Miq.

  Changes of Endogenous Hormone Content in Leaves of Tillandsia bergeri during the Flower Bud Differentiation Period 2013, 29 (22):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4227 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 733154KB )   ( 660 ) Tillandsia bergeri was chosen as subjects,changes of Endogenous Hormone Content in Leaves of T. bergeri during the Flower Bud Differentiation Period were studied. The concentration of endogenous hormones,ZRs,GAs,IAAand ABAin the leaves were detected. Experiment results showed that Exogenous ethephon had significant effect on flowering of T.bergeri,and increased its tidiness substantially. External ethephon treatment reduced the concentration of IAA and GAs ,and increased the content of GAs in the development of floral organs. In the flower bud induction period, the content of ABA and ZRs increased; In floral organ development period, the content of ABA and ZRs hormone levels recoveried to normal level. The process of flower buds induction can be promoted by low concentration of IAA and GAs,while high concentration of IAA and GAs was conducive to the formation of flower morphology.High concentration of IAA/GAs, ABA/GAs, ZRs/GAs and low concentration of IAA/ZRs was conducive to the flower bud induction and germination of T.bergeri; Hormone balance played a key role in the flower bud induction period of T. bergeri .

  Purificaion of Reveratrol from Polygonum Cuspidatum by Macroporous Adsorption Resin 2013, 29 (22):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0020 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 686119KB )   ( 652 ) Various macroporous resins with different properties were employed to purify the resveratrol from the roots of Polygonum Cuspidatum. Static and dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were conducted, meanwhile, the adsorption and desorption rates of resveratrol were concerned to test out the prominent macroporous resin and optimal processing parameters. H103 was subsequently selected as the best macroporous resin. The optimal processing parameters were obtained as follows: the crude extract containing resveratrol of 0.72 mg/mL was loaded at a flow rate of 2BV/h, the H103 column was washed with 4BV of distilled water for removing the impurities, elution with 8BV of 75% ethanol was at a flow rate of 1.5BV/h. As a result, the content of purified resveratrol was increased from 12.8% to 53.5%. The method with H103 as the optimal macroporous resin undergoing with the modified purification process is a simple, safe and inexpensive technology, and has a promising potential of purifying resveratrol from the roots of Polygonum Cuspidatum.

  Effects of Salicylic Acid to Early Growth and Quick Tillering of Transplanted Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Plants 2013, 29 (22):  152-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0095 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 1206654KB )   ( 685 ) In order to accelerate early growth and quick tillering of transplanted tobacco plants, experimental material ‘K326’ seedlings were floated in greenhouse. Spraying 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mmol/L salicylic acid on foliar respectively when the seedlings with three or four leaves. Then the grown seedlings were transplanted into field. The results showed that transplanted tobacco plants can adapt to the changed environment quickly after treated by salicylic acid because it can increase the activity of antioxidant system and then remove reactive oxygen species ROS timely and effectively. So salicylic acid can promote the development of root system rapidly, strengthening the root vigor and increasing root-shoot ratio. The result is rosette stage was shorted; early growth and quick tillering were accelerated of transplanted tobacco plants. All of those were beneficial to tobacco plants subsequently grow and accumulate dry matter rapidly. Effects of four different salicylic acid concentrations were different. The effects of 1.0 and 1.5 mmol/L concentration were better than 0.5 mmol/L.

  The Effect on Different Proportion of Red Blue Light to Growth and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of the Tobacco Seedling 2013, 29 (22):  160-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4066 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 593999KB )   ( 693 ) In order to explore light supplement technology by floating seeding of flue-cured tobacco in winter in Hunan, it was studied for effect on different proportion of red blue to growth of root and leaf and carbon and nitrogen metabolism and enzyme activity of the tobacco seeding.Tests are separately carried out with the light emitting diodes in proportion of blue:red 1:3 ,blue:red 1:1 and blue:red 3:1,and they are combined into different light intensity of light source of tobacco seeding by fluorescent light.The results showed that light quality and light intensity on the tobacco leaf time had little effect,and the growth of tobacco seedings are best when light intensity reaches above 7200 Lux and the proportion of red:blue 3:1.The proportion of red:blue 3:1 can promote chlorophyll synthesis and growth of tobacco seeding,but the proportion of red:blue 1:3 can affect the growth of root and increase root activity. Blue light intensity of the total light intensity between 5% and 15% in the combined light significantly promoted the growth of the stem of tobacco seeding.With the increasing of light intensity, the processing leaf of tobacco seeding of the proportion of red:blue 3:1 in combination source can significantly increase total soluble sugar content and enzyme activity,and the processing leaf of tobacco seeding of the proportion red:blue 1:3 in combination source can significantly increase protein content and nitrate reductase activity.Light quality and light intensity on chlorothyll synthesis and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco seeding highly has sensitive regulation.Reasonable compensation can promote the growth of root and leaf of flue-cured tobacco seeding.

  Study on the Ecological Adaptability of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘NC297’ from American in Different Altitude 2013, 29 (22):  167-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4202 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 562898KB )   ( 534 ) In order to explore the ecological adaptability of the variety tobacco NC297 in different altitude, the continuous many years of the demonstration experiments with multiple spots were carried. The results showed that the NC297 has an extensive ecological adaptability in different altitude, and it has only better tobacco coordination with its leaves output from 2016 to 2562 kg/hm2, resistance, quality and other agronomic traits similar to the performance of their original habitat, but a better resistance to fertilizers, strong disease resistance, high quality and appropriate output, easy to baking, high synthetic score of the appearance quality, a ratio of sugar and nicotine and a better radio of total sugar and reducing sugar also. It has more better aroma of sweet rhyme and richness than that of the check varieties K326 and Yunyan 87. It is a better suck quality with its qing scent style deserving to popularization in the medium or above fertility soil from altitude 1600 to 1800m. The most suitable planting density is from 15000 to 16500 plants/hm2, the suitable fertilizer ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O is one to one to three, total applied nitrogen of paddy land is from 105 to 135 kg/hm2, and that of dry land form 75 to 105 kg/hm2.

  The Effects of Different Fertilization on Cauliflower Yield and Quality under the Similar Level of Nitrogen Fertilizer 2013, 29 (22):  173-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0102 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 650340KB )   ( 666 ) Overuse of chemical fertilizer lead to serious problems regarding to the deterioration of vegetables and ecological environment. This study aimed to explore the effects of different fertilization managements on cauliflower yield and quality in Chongming modern agricultural park. Based on equal nitrogen amendments (N 600 kg/hm2), different chemical and organic fertilization combinations were used such as single chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer combined with commercial organic fertilizer, and combined with rotten pig manure and combined with rotten straw, respectively. The results showed that, compared with the control with only chemical fertilizer amended, all treatments with organic amendment could improve the yield and quality of cauliflower. The fertilizer combined with commercial organic fertilizer, rotten pig manure and rotten asparagus straw increased the yield 7.6%, 22.8% and 30.5%, respectively; and the vitamin C increased 10.70%, 12.66% and 10.34%, respectively; and the soluble sugar increased 18.18%, 26.70% and 39.58%, respectively; and the protein improved 26.39%, 27.58% and 17.06% respectively. The nitrate (NO3-N) content, however, decreased 53.21%, 51.01% and 17.84%, respectively. In conclusion, combining on organic and chemical fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of cauliflower effectively.

  Different physiological responses of cucumber seedlings to NaCl stress 2013, 29 (22):  178-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4167 Abstract + ( 673 )   PDF ( 622506KB )   ( 617 ) Soil salinization iw one of the issues that hunman being is facing, which was gravely effected plants to grow normally. An experiment using NaCl to induce 1/2 Hoagland water stresses was carried out to evaluate the effect on root and seedling growth of cucumber bean under slat-stresses , The result showed that (1) NaCl stress decrased plant height, leaf area, aerial parts of the fresh weight, total root number, total root length and root fresh wight of cucumber seedling. With the NaCl stress increasing, all of them are decreased except the aerial parts of fresh weight. (2) The chlorophyll content of cumcumber seedling increased remarkably under the NaCl stress. (3) The NaCl stress reduces the activity of cumcumber seedling roots’ SOD, POD, CAT. In addition the decrease range of SOD and CAT on enzyme activity of under ground portion was more than that of aerial portion. (4) The MAD content of cumcumber seedling was abviously increasing due to the increasing of NaCl stress concentration. (5) As the declining of antioxidase activity of cumcumber seedling roots, the membrance lipid peroxidation was enhanced, this ultimately lead to the inhibition of growth of cumcumber seedling root significantly.

  Evaluation on the Methods of Pollution Free Control Efficacy against Euzophera pyriella Yan 2013, 29 (22):  183-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0085 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 622777KB )   ( 677 ) As one of the unique fruit pests in Xinjiang, Euzophera pyriella Yang had spread all over the Tianshan Mountains. It was one of the major insect pests attacking fragrant pear.【OBJECTIVE】The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sugar-vinegar mixture, black-light tube and curettage of tree bark against Euzophera pyriella Yang. 【METHOD】The number of Euzophera pyriella Yang attracted by sugar-vinegar mixture and different black-light tube every day and the mean larval population density of Euzophera pyriella Yang before and after curettage of tree bark were tested in pear garden of Aksu. 【RESULTS】The amount of Euzophera pyriella Yang attracted by sugar-vinegar mixture was 1804 in twenty-seven days and the maximum was 267 in single-day. There was significantly difference between the black-light tube and energy-saving lamp (P<0.05). The black-light tube with the wavelength of 425 nm was the most effective tube. The mean number of Euzophera pyriella Yang attracted by it was 6.83 in each day. Before and after curettage of tree bark, the mean larval population density of Euzophera pyriella Yang had decreased from 12.3 to 3.73 (P<0.01). The results showed that all of sugar-vinegar mixture, black-light tube and curettage of tree bark had effects on controlling the population of Euzophera pyriella Yang. The sensitive wavelength of black light lamps is 425 nm. The curettage of tree bark can efficiently control the population density of Euzophera pyriella Yang. The adults of Euzophera pyriella Yang were killed by sugar-vinegar mixture, and a lot of Chrysopa carnea Stephens were also killed in the same time.【CONCLUSION】The paper recommended that the formula of sugar-vinegar mixture should be improved before it was used. The black-light tube with the wavelength of 425nm was used in monitoring. The curettage of tree bark was used one time a year to control the population Euzophera pyriella Yang.

  Study on the Fruit Setting Technology of End Batch Flower of Longan 2013, 29 (22):  188-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4028 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 547904KB )   ( 626 ) In order to provide the theoretical basis for regulating longan perinatal period, the experiment was conducted to study the technology by using the end batch flower fruit setting of longan. Using the Shek Kip longan as test material, the author sprayed on the leaves that longan flower sporadically, studied the end batch flower pistillate ratio, fruit setting rate, mature period, the single fruit weight and soluble solids of variation curve and so on. The results showed that: the flower’s (bud) shedding rate of the test tree to stability was 60%-73%, the shedding of the law was big bud easy shedding of and small bud (the end batch flower) wasn’t easy shedding, the female ratio to improve after the end batch flower maturation, was up to 78%. The experimental results showed from 2009-2012, test tree plant yield were 42.77 kg, 42.99 kg, 58.62 kg, 66.20 kg, fruit maturity time needed to respectively extended 18, 17, 14, 16 d. Using the end batch flower fruit setting technology of longan could made fruit maturity time needed to extended 14-18 d, effective regulation of longan fruit supply period, the longan yield and quality no difference, at the same time, the end batch flower florescence climate relatively stable, the fruit setting rate was high, stable yield.

  Solid fermentation ingredient of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WJ22 to produce bio-organic fertilizer by cassava residue and eucalyptus slag 2013, 29 (22):  192-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0914 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 785662KB )   ( 680 ) A rhizosphere bacteria-Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WJ22 stored in our laboratory was a plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacterium. In the present study, ripe cow manure compost and rapeseed cake as raw materials, cassava residue and eucalyptus slag as addition materials were chosen from agriculture wastes in Hainan province to solid fermented strain WJ22 and the bio-organic fertilizer made from this strain was prepared. The results showed that strain WJ22 could grow well in the mixture contain 65% of ripe cow manure compost, 15% of rapeseed cake, 20% of cassava residue, and 20% of eucalyptus slag. The strain number is more than 9 × 108 cfu/g dry weight at the ending of composting process and were far more than the national solid bio-organic fertilizer standard (2 × 107 cfu/g dry weight). Pot experiment results showed that the bio-organic fertilizer made from WJ22 could efficiently promote the growth of banana.

  Effect of Different Fertilizers and Mulching on Mirabilis himalaica Roots 2013, 29 (22):  198-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1115 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 618295KB )   ( 608 ) The experimental material is Mirabilis himalaica, the experiment adopted repeated randomized block design, effects of different fertilizer levels and coating were studied on Mirabilis himalaica roots. The results were presented as follows: when the best deal with of cultivation was A2B2,the fresh weight of Mirabilis himalaica′ roots was 39.3g/strain, the root length was 20.2cm/strain, the rhizome crude was 1.8cm/strain; when optimal treatment of cultivation was A2B1. Two treatments did not reach a significant level on Mirabilis himalaica′ roots, to the fresh weight and moisture content of root, coating types had a relatively large influence; For the rhizome crude and root length, the impact of fertilizer levels was larger.

  Effects of Phosphate Concentration on Germination and Seedling Growth of Perennial Ryegrass 2013, 29 (22):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0614 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 722015KB )   ( 1003 ) The research was conducted to study the effects of different phosphate concentration on germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The experiment was designed as five phosphate concentration levels that 0(as CK), 25, 50, 75 and 100 mmol/L. Counted the burgeon seed number every day, and measured the seedling’s plumule and root length at the seventh day. Results showed that the perennial ryegrass seed germination energy, germination ratio, index of injury and vigor are higher at the level of 25 mmol/L than 0 mmol/L, but the seeds germination injury was significant inhibition(P<0.05) with the rise of the phosphate concentration, the higher phosphate concentration was not good for seed germination. The seedling’s plumule and root length were shorter under the 25 mmol/L than CK. And the seedling injury was significant enhanced(P<0.05) with phosphate concentration increase, the root was more serious than bud under the same density. Collectively, perennial ryegrass seed had a better germination performance at 25 mmol/L phosphate concentration, and had a less inhibition to the bud and root.

  Comparion of Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco between Fenghuang and Main Domestic and Overseas 2013, 29 (22):  208-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0069 Abstract + ( 777 )   PDF ( 477170KB )   ( 584 ) The chemical components of flue-cured tobacco between Fenghuang and main domestic and overseas were studied by comparative analysis, clustering analysis and fuzzy preferred ratio in order to know the characteristic of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco in Fenghuang. The results showed that comparing with main domestic and overseas leaves, Fenghuang leaves were higher sugar, slightly higher potassium, lower nitrogen, lower chlorine and suitable nicotine. The similarity of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco was the highest between Fenghuang County and Xingyi City Qianxinan of pure-sweetness type, followed by Xianyun County Dali and Luoping County Qujing of fresh-sweetness type. The difference of chemical components of flue-cured tobacco was more between Fenghuang County and Guiyang County Chenzhou, Xiang County Xuchan of burnt-sweetness type, and Zimbabwe and Brazil of overseas leaves. It was deduced that the aroma types of flue-cured tobacco in Fenghuang belong to intermediary-to-intense fragrance.

  Status of Fertility in Pomegranate Ochards of Zaozhuang of Shandong Province 2013, 29 (22):  212-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0008 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 452702KB )   ( 624 ) Knowing soil nutrient fertility status is a basis to formulate a suitable fertilizationg strategy. Samples collected from 15 pomegranate orchards in Zaozhuang were tested and classified in present study. Based on the soil analysis. Results indicated that, soil pH was between 6.78 and 7.42 and average content was 7.17. The content of soil organic matter was between 7.88 g/kg and 13.89 g/kg and average contents was 10.93 g/kg. The content of soil available N was between 15.80 mg/kg and 77.20 mg/kg and average contents was 41.62 mg/kg. The content of soil available P was between 5.48 mg/kg and 140.33 mg/kg and average contents was 36.75 mg/kg. The content of soil available K was between 57.0 mg/kg and 262.0 mg/kg and average contents was 169.0 mg/kg. The content of soil organic matter and soil available N was generally lower. The content of soil available K was medium or abundance. The fertilization suggestion was controlled by P, K, when the content of N and organic fertilizer was lower.

  Study on ‘Male Pear’ and ‘Female Pear’ of Pear Fruit 2013, 29 (22):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4046 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 494359KB )   ( 920 ) In order to study the reason for ‘male pear’ ‘female pear’ occurrence, and the differences between ‘male pear’ and ‘female pear’, the pear calyx shed or persistence and ‘male pear’, ‘female pear’ were analyzed in this thesis. The author reviewed the effects of pear calyx shed factors, including breed characters, pollination varieties and pollen amount, plant growth regulators, light, tree age and growth, trim and load, ordinal position of inflorescence, and reviewed differences between calyx shed fruit and persistent calyx fruit, including fruit shape, diseases and pests, mineral elements and plant hormone contents, microstructure, quality and other aspects. Reasons for pear fruit quality differences between ‘male pear’ and ‘female pear’ were analyzed, and developing study on ‘male pear’ and ‘female pear’ was prospected in the future.