Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.23 Published:15 August 2013

  23

  Genetic Analysis of Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp.nov 2013, 29 (23):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0903 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 640376KB )   ( 662 ) Genetic difference between Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp. nov and Cyathocotyle orientalis Faust, Cyahaocotyle prussica Muhling, Cyataocotyle cornutus Rudolphi was analyzed in this study. Genic DNA of the 4 flukes was extracted, and the polymorphism and genetic distance between Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp. nov, and Cyathocotyle orientalis Faust, Cyahaocotyle prussica Muhling and Cyataocotyle cornutus Rudolphi were analyzed by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA). RAPD showed: the genetic distance between Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp. nov and other flukes was respectively 0.4411, 0.4274, 0.5700. Obviously, the genetic differences between Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp. nov and other flukes were high. Based on genetics, this research discovered that Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp. nov which was a new parasite is different to Cyathocotyle orientalis Faust, Cyahaocotyle prussica Muhling and Cyataocotyle cornutus Rudolphi.

  The Study of Acute Toxicity of Triazole Fungicides on Chlorella phrenoidosa 2013, 29 (23):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0836 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 549846KB )   ( 610 ) To understand the hazards of triazole fungicides on aquatic ecosystems, the author investigated the growth inhibition of 17 kinds of triazole fungicides on Chlorella phrenoidosa according to the OECD 201 method. The results showed that: the toxicity of different fungicides was quite different. Flusilazole and myclobutanil were very toxic compounds with the highest toxicity to Chlorella phrenoidosa. Flutriafol, cyproconazole, triadimenol, tricyclazole, poclobutrazol, uniconazole and epoxiconazole were harmful compounds with the lower toxicity. Other triazole fungicides were toxic compounds. The results of this study provided the scientific basis for security applications and risk assessment of triazole fungicides.

  The Effects of Procyanidin from Grape Seed on the Splenic Lymphocytes and Hepatocytes Proliferation from Rat 2013, 29 (23):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0930 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 626541KB )   ( 658 ) To study of the effects of GSP (Procyanidin from Grape Seed) on the Splenic Lymphocytes and hepatocytes proliferation from Rat, investigate the mechanism to improve immune performance of rats, provide a theoretical basis for the follow-up test group. The experiments used a single factor design. The splenic lymphocytes were treated with different concentration of GSP [0.00 (control group), 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 5.00, 10.00, 15.00 μg/mL ] and the hepatocytes were treated with different concentration of GSP [0.00 (control group), 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 5.00, 10.00, 15.00, 20.00, 25.00 μg/mL ]. Procyanidins incubated with these cells to 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The plates were read at 490 nm. The results showed that: (1) for the lymphocytes of Splenic, the concentrates of GSP ranging from 0.05 μg/mL to 5.00 μg/mL had promoted effect to the lymphocytes proliferation, while the concentrates of GSP enhanced reach to 10.00 μg/mL, the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes was inhibited; (2) for the hepatocytes IAR-20, the concentrates of GSP ranging from 0.05 μg/mL to 10.00 μg/mL had promoted effect to the hepatocytes proliferation, while the concentrates of GSP enhanced reach to 10.00 μg/mL, the proliferation of hepatocytes was inhibited; (3) Within a certain range, GSP exhibited concentration and time dependent stimulative effects on the proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes and hepatocytes. GSP could promote the spleen lymphocytes and liver cells proliferation which cultured in vitro from Rat. So GSP had promoted effect to cellular antioxidant ability and immune function of the cells.

  Spatial Distribution of Thiobacillus denitrificans in Intensive Pond System and Its Relationship with Some Related Physicochemical Indicators 2013, 29 (23):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3885 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 662852KB )   ( 666 ) In order to investigate the spatial distribution of Thiobacillus denitrificans in the intensive pond system and the relationship between the number of Thiobacillus denitrificans and some physicochemical indicators in the water body, columnar sediments samples and stratified water samples water were collected, and quantitative analysis of Thiobacillus denitrificans in the samples were done with the method of most probable number (MPN), at the same time, such physicochemical indicators in the water samples as the pH, the redox potential, the sulfide, the nitrate nitrogen and the nitrite nitrogen were analyzed. The results showed that: the numbers of Thiobacillus denitrificans in the sediments and water samples all decreased with the depth increased. For the sediments, the numbers decreased from 1.4×105 strains per gram (dry weight) to 9×102 strains per gram (dry weight). And for the water samples, the numbers decreased from 4.5×103 strains per milliliter to 1.4×102 strains per milliliter. And through correlation analysis, a positive correlation between the numbers of Thiobacillus denitrificans and the nitrate nitrogen, and a negative correlation between the numbers of Thiobacillus denitrificans and the sulfide were found, the reason for which might be that the spatial distribution of the nitrate and the sulfide were strongly affected by the distribution of dissolved oxygen and the nitrate induced the assimilative nitrate reductase in the cell.

  Digestive Gland Tissue Structure of Ampullaria gigas and Its Changes in Hungry Condition 2013, 29 (23):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4053 Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 3042174KB )   ( 505 ) To study the digestive gland tissue structure of Ampullaria gigas and its structural changes in hungry condition, the paraffin section and hematoxylin-eosin staining techniques were used for observation and analysis. The results were as follows: the digestive gland epithelium of A. gigas consisted of digestive cells and basiphil cells. In the digestive gland, there were a large number of black granules mainly located in the crypts of digestive tubules. After continued thirty-day hungriness, the tissue structure of digestive gland of A. gigas changed significantly and the most prominent change was the degeneration of digestive cells. This process was associated with the utilization of digestive gland material, which was a kind of energy metabolism. In conclusion, the digestive gland of A. gigas was not only an important digestion and reserve organ, but also played an important role in survival under starvation.

  Study on Elimination of Oxytetracycline in Muscle of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 2013, 29 (23):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0558 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 652987KB )   ( 700 ) In order to study the elimination of oxytetracycline in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco muscle. At 25℃ water temperature, following oral administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg of OTC per day for 5 days, the fish were sampled at certain time, and the concentration were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average recovery rate of OTC in P. fulvidraco muscle was 80.2%, and the limit of detection was 0.05 μg/g. The results revealed that the elimination of OTC from muscle of P. fulvidraco was very slow, the withdrawal period of OTC in the muscle of P. fulvidraco was 46 days until the concentration of OTC reducing to 0.1 μg/g under this experiment condition.

  Analysis on Fishermen’s Income in Xijiagang Fishing Village 2013, 29 (23):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3476 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 752543KB )   ( 658 ) The income of the fishermen, who engage in marine fishing, is changing with the condition of the marine fishery resources. Changes of fisheries resources lead to its price and cost fluctuating. It ultimately affects the income of fishermen. This paper selected Xijiagang Fishing Village in Chongming County as an example because it is a typical fishing village in Shanghai. This paper conducted a 10-year investigation, which was 2002-2011, on the economic situation of the income of fishermen. We use literature research, sample survey and apply related data analysis models to analyze fisheries economic data. This paper intended to make people have a full understanding in the economic life of fishermen, who engage in marine fishing industry in Shanghai. After analyzing the current situation of the income of fishermen in Xijiagang, we can find related economic problems. Afterwards, we raised the corresponding solutions to these problems so that the fishing village may have a better development and fishermen may lead a prosperous life with more decent income than today as well.

  Analysis of Development Strategy for Chinese Giant Salamander Industry in Zhangjiajie City 2013, 29 (23):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3504 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 586095KB )   ( 677 ) In order to ascertain the development strategy for Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) industry in Zhangjiajie City, the internal conditions and external circumstances of Chinese giant salamander industry in Zhangjiajie City were analyzed systematically by SWOT analysis, and the basic model on the development strategy was set up. After four strategies were discriminated and discussed detailed, it was selected as the development strategy that SO strategy was main and WT strategy was supplemented, because its strength(S) was more than weakness in internal conditions, its opportunity(O) was more than its threat(T) in external circumstances and weakness and threat must been valued. The implementation ways of development strategy were explored, they were thought the feasible implement approaches that resource protection of Chinese giant salamander was strengthened, standardized mass production was advanced, industrial chain was stretched, related industries were advanced, brand strategy was implemented and service system was improved. It can provide reference for strategy decision and planning for Chinese giant salamander industry in Zhangjiajie City.

  Assessment and management strategy of Households’ Poverty Vulnerability in Undeveloped Areas——A Case of Poverty-Stricken Ethnic Minority Areas in Xiangxi Autonomous Region 2013, 29 (23):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0264 Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 589918KB )   ( 765 ) Based on the interviews and questionnaires to the areas inhabited by the minority nationalities in Xiangxi autonomous region, this article analyses empirically the poverty vulnerability of 6 villages in Xiangxi autonomous region through principal component analysis method and cluster analysis method. The results show that relatively backward economic situation, imperfect social security system and harsh natural environment were main factors to households’ poverty vulnerability in the areas inhabited by the minority nationalities of Xiangxi autonomous region. There are great differences between these households in different areas in capability of shielding against risks. So, we should change the model of poverty alleviation and development in Xiangxi autonomous region and carry out development type and participatory poverty alleviation project. To improving households’ capability of shielding against risks, it is suggested that: first, innovating poverty detection model and establishing the dynamic monitoring model of the poverty alleviation; second, balancing urban and rural development and achieving equalization of public service resources; third, promoting ecological poverty alleviation plan to prevent environment deterioration; forth, making targeted poverty alleviation policy according to the regional development characteristics.

  Study on Urban Land Grading Based on the MapGIS Land Price System——Taking the Commercial Land in Dezhou City for Example 2013, 29 (23):  51-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3940 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 1134851KB )   ( 552 ) To understand the quality and land use state of the urban land in Dezhou City thoroughly, as well as making a scientific support for the related government decision, this study selected the urban land of Dezhou City as the study area, used the Delphi Method to get the grading factor system and the weight of the factors for commercial use. By quantizing the grading factor layer in MapGIS6.7 as the rules in regulations for grading and classification on urban land, we could get the diffusion patterns, acting indexes and influence radiuses of grading figures at different ranks. Then set the cell size of urban land grading, the available passage points and passage lines of the barriers in the MapGIS Land Price System. Performed the diffusion of factors, calculated the total value of each cell and divided the ranks of urban land for commercial use based on the frequency histogram of total values of cells. By slightly amendment and adjustment, we could get the result of urban land grading for commercial use in Dezhou City. The results showed that, the land areas from the first to the fifth grades took the proportions of the whole study area as 2.82%, 11.08%, 15.70%, 31.93% and 38.47%, respectively. It showed a diffusion pattern from center to the outside and the Jinghu Railway, Cha River, Jingfu highway and Jian River tend to be the boundary of the land in different grades. Compared with the urban land grading results of commercial use in 2006, the land quantity improved a lot because of the increased investment to the economic development zone in the east and the construction of commercial facilities and infrastructural facilities in the whole city.

  An empirical study on the impact of Oolong tea consumers experience on brand loyalty--- Taking consumers in Fuzhou city as example 2013, 29 (23):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3689 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 573033KB )   ( 648 ) Based on the integrated definition of oolong tea consumer brand loyalty, the conceptual model about the impact of three dimensions of oolong tea consumers experience on two dimensions of brand loyalty was built and it was tested by surveying oolong tea consumers in Fuzhou. Studies have shown that effects of oolong tea service experience and related experience on attitude loyalty and behavior loyalty was significant. The effect of oolong tea brand experience on attitude loyalty was significant, but it was no significant on behavior loyalty.

  Research Progress of China's Rural Collective Land Property Right System 2013, 29 (23):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0178 Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 482879KB )   ( 775 ) The rural land system is the basic system of the country, China's rural collective land property right system construction by academia. This paper focuses on the subject of rural collective land ownership construction, rural collective land usufructuary right protection, property right of rural collective land assets of three key problems, the integrated use of literature retrieval method and the comparative analysis, summarizes the academic circle of our country rural collective land property right system research, discussed our country rural collective land property right system study of demand and trend. Research results showed that: first, the subject of rural collective land ownership of rural collective land property right system construction was the basic problem. Second, rural collective land usufructuary right protection research value was to strengthen farmer's land usufructuary right. Third, promote the rural collective land property right was the socialist market economic reform direction.

  System Innovation in the Circulation of Collective Construction Land 2013, 29 (23):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3337 Abstract + ( 923 )   PDF ( 485382KB )   ( 633 ) Making full use of collective construction land and permit it to be transferred is an effective way for economical and intensive land. Based on background, we found the limit of land transfer and try to create a new system of land requisition, management inside the collective famer organization and homestead management. Establish a democracy policy in the collective organization and build up a corporate person system to deal with the transfer to the third party. Forbid single transferring the homestead and put forward the government in profit distribution of land.

  Rural Residential Area Consolidation Potential Calculation and Priority Appraisement in Upland of the Southwestern China 2013, 29 (23):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3815 Abstract + ( 885 )   Based on per capita rural residential areas construction land measure method, sampling investigation method and urban system planning standard method, taking Rongchang County as the research area and calculating its rural residential area consolidation potential from 2011 to 2020. By constructing assess index system, applied a statistical method of principal component analysis and studied the priority of rural residential area consolidation on 21 units. According to the score size, divided the 21 administrative institutions into priority renovation area, important renovation area and ordinary renovation area and put forward appropriate recommendation. The results showed that the rural residential area consolidation potential in Rongchang can be reached 3120.71 hm2, the more reasonable result was combined with the advantages of different calculation methods. What’s more, four principal components had a great influence on the priority of rural residential area consolidation, including economic feasibility, consolidation potential, basic conditions and farmers’ willingness. Rural residential area consolidation potential calculation and priority appraisement avoided laying out rural residential land consolidation projects at random, which was helpful for the scheduling of rural residential area consolidation and provided a reference for rural residential area consolidation in upland of the southwestern China.

  Farmers' income situation in the construction of rural urbanization 2013, 29 (23):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0634 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 733194KB )   ( 619 ) To promote farmers' sustained income is a major task in the new stag of Chinese economic and social development, and it is also one of three agricultural issues, it directly affects the development of our country in the new rural construction and the country lifeblood, the object of study is to seek effective ways and methods about increasing the income of farmers. This study adopts quantitative economics and facts survey method,to construct reasonable model of farmers' income structure and number in urbanization of rural areas of Heilongjiang province , and to carry on the comprehensive analysis and research of Heilongjiang province, then found that there are some ways of farmers' income increasing , for example , the main means of farmers' income from a single source way of agricultural production to secondary and tertiary industries , government financial subsidies is also increasing farmer's net income proportion. Therefore，it cause that per capita income of farmers in rural urbanization has improved, but the source of income approach and structure has a very big change, this paper explore more effective way to increase farmers' income in Heilongjiang province and all own country.

  The Rural Household Microfinance Preliminary Study: Take Agricultural Bank of China of Linyi 2013, 29 (23):  96-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3986 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 567919KB )   ( 637 ) Whether the issues facing rural areas, peasantry and agriculture can be solved properly will have an important impact on the sustainable development of the Chinese economy in the future. The report from the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward three aspects as the top priority of the party work, including solving the issues about rural areas, peasantry and agriculture, promoting the integration of urban and rural development as well as increasing peasantry’s income. In order to realize this target, we need to accelerate the construction of a suitable financial system, which is adapted to the characteristics of the rural areas, peasantry and agriculture. Therefore, microfinance for peasantry will be an important way of the rural financial institutions to provide financial services for peasantry as well as building the rural credit system. Agricultural Bank of China of Linyi City Branch has vigorously expanded the business of microfinance for peasantry by market positioning around rural areas, peasantry and agriculture. Through a variety model of microfinance, they have effectively met different levels of peasantry’s loan demand, which make them the main force on supporting the construction of new countryside and increasing local peasantry’s income. Basing on the actual work of the Agricultural Bank of China of Linyi City Branch, we will discuss some of the issues of microfinance for peasantry in this article. Certainly, analytical methods like demonstration analysis and historical comparison will be used in our discussion. Finally, in addition to proving Agricultural Bank providing microfinance for peasantry was conducive to the growth of peasantry’s income and rural economic, we will also try to give some proposals on expanding the scale of microfinance for peasantry, improving the credit system and so on.

  Cognition, demand and Participating Willingness of farmers on agricultural machinery insurance research——based on Jiangsu province 2013, 29 (23):  103-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0111 Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 497315KB )   ( 597 ) we collect dates by doing questionnaire research in Jiangsu province. We analyzed statistically and tested by One-way ANOVA. Finally, we got some conclusion: (1) After an agricultural machinery accident, the farmers not just need third-party liability insurance, they also need personal injury insurance for drivers; (2) At present, coverage of agricultural machinery insurance is very low, and most famers are lack of cognition about agricultural machinery insurance policy; (3) famer’s cognition will significantly affect their wish to buy the insurance.

  Farm Households' Response Behaviors and Influencing Factors Analysis on New Varieties of Corn——based on Household Survey Data in Heilongjiang Province 2013, 29 (23):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0910 Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 632233KB )   ( 639 ) Heilongjiang is the largest province of the country's total grain output, and which’s farmer’s behavior of adoption on new varieties is typical and guide. This article analyzes the response behavior of the farmers on new varieties of corn, and does the empirical analysis on influencing factors to farmers adopting the new varieties of corn using logistic regression method. The results show: the highest degree of the agricultural labor force, arable land, land fragmentation, the annual net income, price of varieties, yield, friends and family recommended, and scientific and technical personnel recommendations, which have a significant impact on farmer’s behavior of adopting new varieties .

  The Intellection of College-graduate "Village Officials" Entrepreneurship——Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an Example 2013, 29 (23):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2033 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 3143854KB )   ( 547 ) College-graduate "village officials" is an important part of the construction of a new socialist countryside, development of modern agriculture and driving rural poverty. The article outlined the practical significance of college-graduate "village officials" entrepreneurship by Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example. It analyzed the main problems of affecting college-graduate "village officials" entrepreneurship. These problems include the lack of agricultural knowledge and low active to projects of college-graduate "Village Officials", loopholes in management of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, etc. The article proposed the helping measures through arrangements venture capital, formulation projects and strengthens training. It provided examples of reference for the authorities to build lasting effect mechanism about college-graduate "village officials".

  Temperature Variation Rules and Prediction Model of Solar Greenhouse in West Liaoning 2013, 29 (23):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0248 Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 1335947KB )   ( 750 ) The paper targets at promoting the development of agricultural facilities, expanding the scope of agro-meteorological services, and reducing impact of chilling damage on greenhouse agricultural production. It made researches on the temperature variation in the solar greenhouse and established related predictive models, in accordance with meteorological observation data inside and outside solar greenhouse collected on multiple monitoring sites over the years, by adopting correlation methods and the temperature variation rate analysis methods. It was shown from the results that there appeared significant diurnal and seasonal changes in temperature of solar greenhouse. At different weather conditions and different seasons, the variation rate varied; the temperature variation rate in sunny days was greater than that in cloudy days; the temperature variation rate in cold period was greater than that in non-cold period; the diurnal temperature variation of solar greenhouse was characterized by “one-increasing-factor” and “two-decreasing-factor”, seasonal change presented a “U-shaped” curve. The inside/outside temperature difference of solar greenhouse increased with decline of outside temperature, showing a parabolic change from December to February next year. The greenhouse temperature prediction model was applied to predicting minimum temperature inside greenhouse in February 2012. The average absolute error of forecast value was -0.7℃, and the average relative error was -11.4%.

  Analysis of Insulation Performance of Several Typical Greenhouses under Continuous Low Temperature and Overcast Weather 2013, 29 (23):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0794 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 869347KB )   ( 580 ) Abstract: In order to accurately evaluate the insulation performance of several typical greenhouses built in Tianjin in winter disastrous weather such as low temperatures and overcast weather, this paper analyses the meteorological indexes of three structures of solar greenhouse. the meteorological indexes include average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, duration of temperature below 10 ℃ deviation of minimum temperature at night and the structures of solar greenhouse include mud wall brick wall and high standard brick wall. The results show that, in the two kinds of disastrous weather conditions, the insulation performance of the mud wall is the best. In overcast weather, the insulation performance of high standards brick wall is lower than that of mud wall, but is basically the same to that of brick wall. Under the condition of low temperature, the insulation performance of high standard brick wall is better than that of brick wall. The brick wall is the lowest one on insulation performance. The research results have a good guiding significance for the defense of winter cold disasters of solar Greenhouse.

  Applied Research of Monitoring and Diagnosis System for Wheat’s Meteorological Disasters Based on the Internet of Things 2013, 29 (23):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0282 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 1335376KB )   ( 911 ) According to the long growth circle and the susceptibility to a variety of meteorological disasters, we designed the wheat remote monitoring system and diagnosis system for meteorological disasters based on the internet of things. With the agricultural experiment results for many years, we established wheat meteorological disaster diagnosis index system and the disaster diagnosis platform. We can monitor the real-time data of wheat growth environment with this platform under the integration of sensor technology, network transmit technology, webservice technology and socket technology. We can share the resource and data in different places, and realize the distributed management with this platform and we can also carry out the wheat remote monitoring and disaster diagnosis under a variety of network communication method and offer powerful technical supports to scientific management of wheat production and disaster amelioration and avoidance.

  Research on Technology of Bio-oil Preparation by Microwave Pyrolysis of Rice Hull 2013, 29 (23):  135-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1377 Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 658627KB )   ( 749 ) Biomass energy has expanded rapidly in recent years, and more and more attention has been paid to the pyrolysis of biomass. In this study, rice hull was chosen as the raw material for microwave pyrolysis to produce bio-oil，in order to take full advantage of the biomass waste and to provide a new way of obtaining renewable energy. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the microwave pyrolysis were as follow: pyrolysis temperature was 600℃, microwave power was 2 kW, addition of microwave absorbent was 3%, reaction time was 5 min. Therefore rice hull was suitable for the preparation of bio-oil by microwave pyrolysis process.

  Study on the Dominant Species and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Natural Alpine Meadow in Maqu County Gansu Province 2013, 29 (23):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4168 Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 599776KB )   ( 543 ) In order to approach improvement ways of deteriorated grassland on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in this paper, the quadrant survey method was used to study the dominant species and photosynthetic characteristics of alpine meadow in Maqu county, Gansu province. The feature index and vegetation cover degree were also analyzed by mean of the grey correlative degree. Results showed that Stipa aliena, Bupleurum chinense, Saussurea nigrescens, Poacrymophila keng and Anemone revelries were main dominant species in this area. The grey correlative degree between the population feature and vegetation cover degree: aboveground biomass>height>density. The grey correlative degree between photosynthetic character index and vegetation cover degree: intercellular CO2 concentration> transpiration rate> net photosynthetic rate> stomatal conductance. The formation of dominant populations depends on the capability to exchange gases between individual plant and outside. To improve the alpine meadow productivity, we should cultivate dominant species basing on the maintenance of biodiversity.

  Studies on the Inversion of Soil Organic Matter Content Based on Hyper-spectrum 2013, 29 (23):  146-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3343 Abstract + ( 5429 )   PDF ( 921750KB )   ( 10709 ) The use of hyperspectral can conduct quantitative inversion on soil organic matter content, which is an important indicator of soil fertility, and then provide a reference for the rapid determination of surface soil organic matter content of accurate agricultural. The author conducted the spectral measurements on treated soil samples under laboratory conditions by using the spectroradiometer-U.S.ASD FieldSpec FR, established the multiple regression relationship model between the soil spectral variables and soil organic matter content through the correlation analysis between the different variations of the spectral reflectance of the soil samples and the organic matter content of the soil. The results showed that: the soil organic matter content inversed regression model, which was established by employing the first-order differential spectral reflectance at the wavelength of 492 nm, 663 nm, 1221 nm, 1317 nm, 1835 nm and 2130 nm, possessed the best prediction accuracy, the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.909. The established hyperspectral inversion model of the soil organic matter content could predict the soil organic matter content with the most accurate, and it also provide a new approach for the rapid determination of soil organic matter content of precision agriculture.

  Research on Characteristic of Genetic Giversity Variation Fungi in Soil of Regions Yieding Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae During Cropping Rotation Period in Zhongjiang of Sichuan Province 2013, 29 (23):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3675 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 914531KB )   ( 633 ) In this paper, the aims were to study on soil fungal genetic diversity variation characteristics during Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge. cropping rotation period in Zhongjiang county of Sichuan province. Soil microbial DNA was saparated and extracted; then specific DNA fragments of fungi were amplified by PCR; the amplifying DNA fragments were saparated by DGGE；the strains were gained in GENBANK by the DNA sequencing. During the Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge. cropping rotation period in Zhongjiang county，soil fungal community included: Termitaria sp. YAKU2，Agaricus bisporus，Cercozoan，Cordyceps，Geomyces destructans，Geomyces sp. P7，Cordyceps brongniartii，Penicillium sp. KCTC6774，uncultured Iodophanus clone S-54. Cluster analysis showed that the soil fungal community was similarity between fallow land 1year and this year；but it was obviously different from that of fallow land 3 years and 4 years. It was geared to the style of transition about fallow land 2 years. During the Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge. cropping rotation period in Zhongjiang county，the soil fungal community and genetic diversity gradually recovered; the second year of fallow land was the key period of soil fungal community to restore; it was in agreement on our previous report conclusion.

  Residues Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Soil of Rice in FuJian of Northwest 2013, 29 (23):  158-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3941 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 510920KB )   ( 605 ) The residue characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPS) were studied under the soil of rice. In the study, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHS) and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDTS) were analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with ECD detector. The results showed that HCHS and DDTS were found widely in all samples and with a range of 0.41-9.61μg/kg and 6.51-469.50 μg/kg respectively. The content of HCHS was much lower than the soil environmental quality standard (GB 15618-1995), and it limits the quantity being worth 50 μg/kg, but 76.9% of samples had a total DDTS residue of less than 50 μg/kg. And the DDTS, which was the main components in residues of organochlorine pesticides, took over 96.2% of the total. The residual characteristics of HCHS isomers in the soil was β-HCH>γ-HCH>α-HCH>δ-HCH, β-HCH concentration was higher than other HCHS isomers. The residual characteristics of DDTS isomers in the soil was pp'-DDT>op'-DDT>pp'-DDE>pp'-DDD, and the pp'-DDT was the main components in residues of DDTS, pp′-DDT/(DDD＋DDE) value in soil was greater than one, this suggested that the new DDTS were input in the soil of rice.

  Study on Removal of Pollutants from Sewage Treatment Plant of Songming County in Yunnan Province 2013, 29 (23):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3547 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 600751KB )   ( 677 ) In order to better evaluate the operation effect of sewage treatment plant in Songming County, Yunnan, the author investigated and analyzed the water and sludge disposal from sewage treatment plant of Songming County in Yunnan running for one year. The results showed that: the removal rates of BOD, CODcr, SS, TP and NH4-N from the sewage treatment plant were 81.45%, 78.78%, 86.08%, 41.37%, 84.03%, respectively. The sludge disposal from this sewage treatment plant was according with environmental protection and agricultural requirements, and did not cause environment pollution. In addition, the stench problems of the sewage treatment plant were also effectively control. The results had a directive and practical importance for the design and late running of the sewage treatment plant.

  The Research of the Bio-degradation of Organic Pollutants During Exploitation and Utilization of Oil Shale 2013, 29 (23):  165-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0621 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 833298KB )   ( 599 ) To solve the problem of organic pollutants product in groundwater during exploitation and utilization of oil shale, the article took the oil degrading strains after domestication and cultivation to research the bio-degradation of the organic pollutants. The indoor research conducted at low temperature (10℃) and at shaking speed of 120 r/min. The experimental results show that: when the initial concentration of 200 mg/L, the optimum condition of the strains using the organic pollutants in groundwater was at pH 7, for inoculation of 5 mL, used ammonium chloride(0.05%) as the best nitrogen source and potassium sulfate(0.05%) as the best source of phosphorus. After 6 days at the optimum condition the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon could reduce from 200 mg/L to 33.94 mg/L. By the strains the degradation rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon and COD was 83.03% and 67.58%, respectively. The biodegradation was proved to be first-order kinetic equation by kinetic analysis of degradation process under the initial concentration of the total petroleum hydrocarbon at 20 mg/L, and the total petroleum hydrocarbon initial concentration between 50-300 mg/L degradation meet zero-order kinetic equation.

  Variation Characteristics of Winter Warm Daytime and Cold Daytime Frequency in China 2013, 29 (23):  171-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3679 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 2279607KB )   ( 595 ) In order to analyze the variation characteristics of the extreme weather events in China under the background of global warming, based on the homogeneous daily maximum and minimum temperature data without the influence of meteorological station relocation of 201 observational stations in China during 1960-2009, the spatial and temporal features of the winter warm and cold daytime frequency were studied. Results showed that: during 1960-2009, winter warm and cold daytime frequency showed an identical high frequency abnormal or low frequency abnormal. Warm daytime frequency increased. The cold daytime frequency decreased. The standard deviation of cold daytime frequency in the north was larger than that in the south. The trend coefficient’s distribution of warm daytime frequency increased all over China, and the cold daytime frequency decreased all over China. The trend coefficients in the north were larger than that in the south. Winter warm and cold daytime frequency showed obvious area feature. All the regions were warming and warming. The mutation years were different from area to area.

  Multi-time Scales Analysis of Climate Variation in the Period of Winter Wheat Growing in Eastern He’nan Farming Region 2013, 29 (23):  180-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0419 Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 1551352KB )   ( 677 ) In order to study the climate change characteristics and forecast the climate change trend during the growth period of winter wheat in eastern He’nan farming areas, temperature variation and evolution trend in eastern He’nan farming areas under the background of global warming can provide the necessary reference for agricultural development. Using multi-method of Mann-Kendal analysis, regression analysis, 5 years sliding average and Morlet wavelet, the author studied temperature variation facts, trends and variation cycle based on 5 meteorological stations in eastern He’nan areas. The results showed that: temperature warming greatly range from October to May in the next year with an increase of mutation year, trend of precipitation was not obvious and there was no mutation year. Shock period of average temperature and precipitation range from October to next year May in the past 60 years had complex variation characters with a nested structure on multiple time scales. The shock cycle characteristics of temperature and precipitation trends in the recent 60 had complex nested structure. Annual temperature was obviously increasing, especially in the last nearly 20 year, and it showed a continued warming trend with a small alternation of heating and cooling in the next period of time. Impact of climate warming on agricultural production had advantages and disadvantages, warming in winter and spring could enhance the yield of winter wheat, and also aggravate the pest and frost drought disasters occurred at the same time.

  Research Progress and Prospect of Summer Freezing Damage’s Impact Factors in Northeast China 2013, 29 (23):  194-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3951 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 542497KB )   ( 699 ) With the theme of summer freezing damage in northeast China which can greatly influence the agricultural production, the impact factors of summer freezing damage in northeast China were reviewed. Different kinds of impact factors were classified. The impact factors found in recent years were emphasized, the author also made a prospect on the scientific problem of summer freezing damage in northeast China, in order to do better forecast on summer freezing damage.

  Research on Risk Regionalization about Storm and Flood Disaster of Wanquan River in Hainan Island 2013, 29 (23):  201-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4093 Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 1519565KB )   ( 907 ) Precipitation estimation of automatic meteorological stations was achieved and historical data were extended by using theory and method of disaster risk formation and analyzing the precipitation data of basic meteorological stations from 1961 to 2011 in Wanquan River, and spatial distribution of hazard was obtained with trend surface and residual method, and the disaster risk was regionalized by selecting spatial indexes which were appropriate for evaluating sensitivity, vulnerability and ability of disaster prevention and reduction with storm and flood disaster in small watershed. The results indicated that western hazard was higher than east, and most of areas in eastern Wanquan River were located regions with risk that was above the average. On the contrary, the risk of west regions was lower than the east. The risk of some areas which center on Jiaji County was highest, and so do the towns of Lingkou, Hanlin and Dalu in the north of watershed.

  Cultivated Land Prediction and Its Driving Force Analysis Base on GS-SVR 2013, 29 (23):  210-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0010 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 598268KB )   ( 662 ) It is complicated and difficult to determine the driving factors which affect changes of cultivated land area. In order to select the effective driving factors and promote the prediction accuracy of cultivated land area, this paper proposed a method to determine the driving factors of cultivated land area relying on the minimum mean squared error (MSE) of prediction value and observed value among all combinations of independent variables based on GS-SVR. Then, taking Hunan province as a case, this paper used several time-series forecasting methods, such as SVR-CAR, LSSVM, BPNN, ARIMA and MLRR to evaluate the performance of the selected driving factors. The results showed that the optimal driving factors for cultivated land changes was the combination of urbanization level and production index of the real estate industry, and with the driving factors selected by GS-SVR, all reference methods greatly improved the prediction accuracy of cultivated land area. The proposed method has an extensive application prospect for predictions involving multidimensional time series data, such as changes of cultivated land area.

  The Application of BP Neural Network in Early Warning of Algal Blooms in Year 2005 in Lake Taihu 2013, 29 (23):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3454 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 531490KB )   ( 620 ) Algal blooms is one of the serious environmental problems in our country and even the world at present. In order to reduce and prevent the effects of algal blooms effectively, it collects the meteorological data in meteorological stations of Wuxian, Suzhou from 1986 to 2007, and uses principal component analysis to analyze the main limiting factors and their interrelation one month before the outbreak of algae in Lake Taihu. The average temperature, average pressure, average relative humidity and cumulative precipitation are the main limiting factors in influencing chlorophylla. Combined with the concentration of chlorophyll a from January to October in 2005 in various regions in Lake Taihu, Used the software of Matlab R2010a, the early warning model of algal blooms was established based on BP neural network, this provides scientific basis in order to take appropriate measures to control algal blooms.