Abstract: Whether the issues facing rural areas, peasantry and agriculture can be solved properly will have an important impact on the sustainable development of the Chinese economy in the future. The report from the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward three aspects as the top priority of the party work, including solving the issues about rural areas, peasantry and agriculture, promoting the integration of urban and rural development as well as increasing peasantry’s income. In order to realize this target, we need to accelerate the construction of a suitable financial system, which is adapted to the characteristics of the rural areas, peasantry and agriculture. Therefore, microfinance for peasantry will be an important way of the rural financial institutions to provide financial services for peasantry as well as building the rural credit system. Agricultural Bank of China of Linyi City Branch has vigorously expanded the business of microfinance for peasantry by market positioning around rural areas, peasantry and agriculture. Through a variety model of microfinance, they have effectively met different levels of peasantry’s loan demand, which make them the main force on supporting the construction of new countryside and increasing local peasantry’s income. Basing on the actual work of the Agricultural Bank of China of Linyi City Branch, we will discuss some of the issues of microfinance for peasantry in this article. Certainly, analytical methods like demonstration analysis and historical comparison will be used in our discussion. Finally, in addition to proving Agricultural Bank providing microfinance for peasantry was conducive to the growth of peasantry’s income and rural economic, we will also try to give some proposals on expanding the scale of microfinance for peasantry, improving the credit system and so on.