Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.24 Published:25 August 2013

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  Advances in the Research of Elevation on Rice Yield and Quality 2013, 29 (24):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2734 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 451723KB )   ( 737 ) In order to enrich the three-dimensional cultivation theory of rice and promote the production of rice in high-altitude areas, the impact of elevation on the rice growth, yield and its components and quality was summarized in this article. The results showed that: with the elevation increase, accumulated temperature required for the growth of rice decreased, the whole growth period of rice extended, the tillering stage postponed and the seed setting rate reduced. Yield, effective panicles and grains per spike decreased after increasing with increasing elevation. In terms of quality of rice, elevation had greater impact on the milled rice rate and chalkiness. The milled rice rate had significant increase and chalky grain rate had a clear downward trend with the elevation increase. There was large difference in the studies between elevation and cooking and eating qualities, which needed to be further studied in the future.

  The Application of Natural Biodegradable Materials in Agricultural Field 2013, 29 (24):  5-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0957 Abstract + ( 775 )   PDF ( 569125KB )   ( 1209 ) In order to study the application of natural biodegradable materials in agricultural field, the author reviewed the literatures at home and aboard in last 20 years about some kinds of natural biodegradable materials including amylum, polylactide, cellulose, lignin, silk fibroin, collagen, chitosan and chitin which were derived from agricultural field. It was found that: the natural biodegradable materials had been applied widely in agricultural field, such as soil improvement, soil and water conservation, diseases and pest control, food fresh and anticorrosive, food and feed additives, bio-fertilizers and so on. However, there were insufficient researches on characteristic of natural biodegradable materials and their optimal design and improvement. In the future, it is needed to improve the characteristic of natural biodegradable materials and broaden the range of their application in agricultural field.

  Molecular Identification of New Collecting Resources ofO. rufipogon Griff from the Largest Original Habitat in Guigang, Guangxi Province 2013, 29 (24):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0305(1) Abstract + ( 393 )   PDF ( 657297KB )   ( 231 ) To estimate the genetic diversity of common wild rice from the Largest Original Habitat in Guigang, Guangxi and further to distinguish the individuals within the population. Twenty-five SSR loci distributed on the twelve chromosomes of rice were used to study the genetic diversity and structure of 349 wild rice individuals. The results showed that, the mean number of allele (A ) was 6 and the effective number of allele (Ae ) was 2.23. Expected heterozygosity (He ) was 0.44, and observed heterozygosity (Ho ) was 0.40 as well as the Shannon index (I ) was 0.88. The population could be divided into four subsets structure, and more than 90% of individuals could be distinguished. It had abundant genetic diversity within the population and SSR molecular markers was the effective method to distinguish most of individuals in the group also to improve protection efficiency of wild rice.

  Effect of Ferulic Acid on the Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Leaves 2013, 29 (24):  17-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3748 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 580190KB )   ( 667 ) To enhance the WUE of crops, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ferulic acid on the water use efficiency of different wheat varieties. The results showed that: spray of 100 μmol/L FA on leaves promoted the Pn and WUE at low soil water content, but inhibited the Pn, Tr, Gs and WUE at high soil water content. These results suggested that, FA (100 μmol/L) could increase WUE in wheat cultivars.

  he Effect of Irrigation Treatments on Water Consumption Characteristic and Dry Matter Accumulation in Summer Maize (Zea mays) 2013, 29 (24):  20-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2173 Abstract + ( 773 )   PDF ( 920355KB )   ( 572 ) Water resource deficiency is one of major problems in maize (Zea mays) production in North Plain of China. In this study, five soil water amount treatments (T1: 90%-100%; T2: 80%-90%; T3: 70%-80%; T4: 60%-70%; T5: 50%-60%) were used under rain sheltered pot-cultivated cultivation in 2009 growing seasons. The results showed that, the yield and the dry matter accumulation of were the highest at 80% soil water amount treatments. In this study, three irrigation treatments (W0: rain-fed; W1: soil water amount were 80%; W2: flooding) were used under high yielding cultivation in 2010 growing seasons (with precipitations of 446.2 mm) to reveal the effects of irrigation amount on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulations in various organs. The results showed that, the yield of W0, W1, W2 were 9255.85, 9747.29, 9635.72 kg/hm2 respectively, and W1 and W2 were higher than W0. The yield of treatment W1 was the highest. The WUE of treatment W1 was significantly higher than that of W2, 21.47, 19.39 kg/(hm2?mm) respectively. The dry matter accumulation amount of W0, W1, W2 were 310.83, 321.5, 325.59 g/plant respectively. Compared with treatment W1, dry matter accumulation amount of W2 treatment was higher, but the contribution of that to grains was lower. So the grain yield of W1 was higher than that of W2. When the precipitation was 446.2 mm from sowing to maturity, although W0 got the lowest total consumption and the highest WUE, the grain number of ear and grain weight were lower than W1 and W2. We can see that irrigation plays an important role to obtain high grain yield and quality. In this paper, based on comprehensive consideration of grain yield and total consumption, optimal irrigation method was to maintain 80% soil water amount.

  Genotypic Variation of Maize in Uptake and Utilization of Sparingly Soluble Phosphate Under Low-P Stress 2013, 29 (24):  28-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2246 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 720641KB )   ( 605 ) In order to investigate the genotypic variation of maize in uptake and utilization of sparingly soluble phosphate under Low-P stress, two inbred lines SDKH502 and SDLH502 of maize with different phosphorous use efficiency are used as materials. Sand pot and hydroponics experiments are carried out to study the effect of differences phosphorous supplying on growth of seedling, and the ability of mobilization and utilization for sparingly soluble phosphate (Al-P, Ca-P or Fe-P) of maize. The experimental results demonstrate that the root exudates can mobilize the sparingly soluble phosphates in the condition of normal phosphate supply and phosphate starvation, and phosphate starvation caused the improvement in mobilization of sparingly soluble phosphate (Al-P, Ca-P or Fe-P). Compared with normal phosphate supply condition, the ability of activating the sparingly soluble Al-P, Ca-P, Fe-P by root exudates of SDKH502 increased by 69.28%, 87.34% and 51.83%, while the SDLH502 enhanced by 165.67%, 141.13, and 6.35% under phosphate deficient condition. Beside that, the organic acids secretion from roots of SDKH502 and SDLH502 increased by 26.96% and 18.85%, pH value depressed by 0.79 and 0.57 units separately. There were remarkable differences between SDKH502 and SDLH502 in responding to phosphate starvation. Those results above showed that, the difference of the secretion of organic acids and proton might result in various mobilization and absorption ability of sparingly soluble phosphate between SDKH502 and SDLH502.

  Spatial distribution of soil moisture and soil nutrients and the effects to soybean in young apple-soybean intercropping system on the Loess Plateau of West Shanxi Province 2013, 29 (24):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1260 Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 738347KB )   ( 719 ) In order to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture and soil nutrients in young apple (Malus pumila)-soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system and its influence on soybean growth and yield, young apple-soybean intercropping pattern which was typical and representative in loess region of west Shanxi Province was studied and soil moisture and soil nutrients in apple-soybean intercropping system and soybean monoculture system were monitored separately for comparison. The results showed that: (1) in vertical direction, with the increase of soil depth, soil moisture increased while soil nutrients decreased; (2) in horizontal direction, with the increase of distance between crops and trees, soil moisture increased while the distribution of soil nutrients was high-low-high; (3) compared with soybean monoculture system, soil moisture and soil nutrients in intercropping system were both lower. It had negative effect in general; (4) the competition for soil moisture and soil nutrients between apple tree and soybean in apple-soybean intercropping system had a great influence on soybean growth. Soil moisture content, available phosphorus content and total nitrogen content were main factors influencing soybean yield and the range of main influence scope were 1.5m from the apple tree; (5) in order to achieve more economic benefits, appropriate regulation and management measures should be taken to alleviate competition for soil moisture and soil nutrients between species and to increase soybean yield.

  Correlation Analysis on Main Agronomic Characters of New Breeding Peanut Varieties in Fujian 2013, 29 (24):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0875 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 478861KB )   ( 509 ) The seventeen new breeding peanut varieties in Fujian were planted in a randomized block-design in Quanzhou City for selecting the variety that was most suitable for local promotion and application, ‘Quanhua 551’ ranked first in all the participating varieties with an average pod yield of 4873.5 kg/hm2, which was 15.58% significantly higher than control ‘Quanhua 7’, the average pod yield of ‘Puhua 4’, ‘Fuhua 8’, ‘Quanhua 8’ and ‘Minhua 8’ were also significantly higher than control. We studied the correlation and path analysis on yield and yield component traits. The results showed that, the main agronomic characters were positively correlated with plant productivity, the correlation coefficient, from big to small, was 100-kernel weight, 100-pod weight, total branches, branch length, stem height, shelling percentage, numbers of pods per plant, pods of one kilogram. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient between different traits and plant productivity, from big to small, total branches, branch length, stem height, 100-pod weight, numbers of pods per plant, 100-kernel weight, pods of one kilogram, 100-kernel weight, numbers of pod branches per plant.

  Growth characteristics and above ground dry matter accumulation of sweet sorghum grown on seashore saline soil 2013, 29 (24):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4223 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 549651KB )   ( 591 ) Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】The aim of this article was to study growth characteristics and above ground dry matter accumulation of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under diffferent planting density and nitrogen application amount levels, and provide a theoretical basis for high yield cultivation of sweet sorghum in seashore saline soil. 【METHOD】Using the method of two factors randomized block experiment to investigate the effects of planting density and nitrogen application amount on growth characteristics, dry matter accumulation and the interrelationship among biomass yield, sugar brix of ST008 plant grown in seashore saline soil were analyzed by correlation analysis and path analysis. 【RESULTS】The suitable planting density and nitrogen application amount for ST008 was 12000 plant/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2, respectively. Under this condition, the plant height, leaf number and stem diameter of sweet sorghum were maintained within reasonable ranges, and higher biomass yield and sugar brix was achieved. The dry weight of above ground plant from jointing to heading stage and stem yield and sugar content were positively correlated respectively, which had highest direct path coefficient contributed to the stem yield and sugar content. 【CONCLUSION】The biomass yield of sweet sorghum wa highest when planting density and nitrogen application amount for ST008 was 12000 plant/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2, respectively . The key point of increasing sweet sorghum yield and sugar content was to enhance the photosynthetic production after the jointing stage..

  The principal component analysis of all kinds of amino acids’ effect in Pleurotus geesteranus caused by 60Co r ray radiation mutagenesis 2013, 29 (24):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0215 Abstract + ( 851 )   PDF ( 499875KB )   ( 544 ) Analying the seven major amino acids’ content under different radiation doses in Pleurotus geesteranus. Applying multivariate statistical component analysis, the related and principal component analysis was finished. The results showed that there was an extremely obvious positive correlation between the content of tasty amino acids and branched chain amino acid as well as the content of aromatic amino acid and essential amino acid, the content of sweet amino acid and branched chain amino acid, the content of aromatic amino acid and essential amino acid, the content of branched chain amino acid, aromatic amino acid and essential amino acid and the content of aromatic amino acid and essential amino acid. The principal component analysis showed that, the content of the primary seven amino acids could be composed into two principal components whose cumulative contribution rate could amount to 97.96%. The analysis of all kinds of amino acids’ content was carried according to the comprehensive ability of principal components to the primary characters, explaining the two principal components into comprehensive effect factors and sulfur amino acids effect factors and the principal component equation was established. The principal component score and the comprehensive score under different radiation doses could be calculated and the first one was 1.25 kGy. So the radiation dose of 1.25 kGy was better.

  The Influence of Ethanol Extracts From Wedelia trilobata(L.)A.S.Hitche Hairy Roots on Seed Germination 2013, 29 (24):  58-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0322 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 602676KB )   ( 580 ) Abstract: [Goal]The test used the ethanol extract from Wedelia trilobata (L.)A.S.Hitche hairy roots of different concentration to give the seeds of Bidens pilosa L. etc a soak to find out the allelopathic effect, in order to lay the experimental and technological foundation for the production and application of bio-chemicals maded by Wedelia trilobata hairy roots under in vitro culture method. [Method]We Used the ethanol extract from Wedelia trilobata hairy roots in different concentration, 0.5g/mL and 1.0g/mL to give the seeds of Bidens pilosa L. etc a soak for different time period, 3 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours, and take the seeds soaked in water as a contrast. [Result] The higher concentration is or the longer the seeds soaked into the concentration, the lower the seed germination is. Besides, the seeds of Bidens pilosa L.、Digitaria ischaemum and D.sanguinalis、Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv. cannot germinate properly when soaked into the extract of low concentration, 0.5g/mL(fresh weight), for over 12 hours. And the inhibition effect is more obvious when the concentration of the extracts is 1.0g/mL(fresh weight), the seeds of Bidens pilosa L.、Digitaria ischaemum and D.sanguinalis、Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.、Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv. And Herba taraxaci cannot germinate after being soaked into the high concentration extracts. What’s more, the inhibition effect is more obvious when the soak time is over 24 hours, no matter the concentration is 0.5g/mL or 1.0g/mL. [Conclusion] Wedelia trilobata hairy roots have strong allelopathic effect.

  Study on Influence of a New Chemical Hybridization Agents (CHA) SX-1 to Parents’ Traits in Hybrid Seed Production of Brassica napus L 2013, 29 (24):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0317 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 3093155KB )   ( 579 ) Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to reveal the influence of CHA SX-1 to parents, traits in Brassica napus.L, and explore the standardized scientific method of using CHA SX-1 in hybrids production in B. napus L. 【Method】the two tested varieties of B. napus in the field was sprayed SX-1 with 5.5mg/L on leaves for the first time，when the height of female parent stem was about 20cm, and the biggest bud of 80% plants reached to about 2mm, and pollen development was in uninucleate stage to the late uninucleate stage. After 7 to 10 days , SX-1 with 6.5mg/L was sprayed for the second time with2.5ml per plant .【Result】After spraying SX-1,sterility of the two female parents was completely, and the sterility rate reached to 99%,and self-cross of the two female parents could not obtain seeds, but outcrossing might set seeds normally, and plants did not show obvious phytotoxicity. However, parts of organ morphology and agronomic traits changed significanclly, For example, plant height of female parents and effective branch position lowered, and main inflorescences shortened, buds, sepals and petals became smaller, filaments shortened and its weight lightened, and pistil elongated and its weight increased, and pods and 1000-seeds weight increased, seeds per silique reduced, but the yield of hybrids production just reduced 9.07% and 15.27% than CK, and correlated traits and yield traits of the two male parents did not been influenced significantly.【Conclusion】SX-1 is a kind of efficient CHA for rape, and it is also safe and feasible in hybrids production of B. napus L.

  Niche of Roots in the Economic Tree and Crop Intercropping System in the Western Shanxi Province of Loess Plateau 2013, 29 (24):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1062 Abstract + ( 961 )   PDF ( 701704KB )   ( 566 ) In order to further study the soil water and fertilizer effect of agroforestry system and guide species selection, spacing form, tillage and fertilize. A walnut-soybean intercropping system in the western Shanxi Province of Loess Plateau was used as material. Distribution of niche and underground competition characteristics of roots in a walnut-soybean intercropping system were examined by stratified digging method. The results showed that niche breadths of walnut roots were higher than that of soybean in plots 1.5-3.0 m from the tree row but it was the opposite situation in plot 3.0-3.5 m, niche breadth of roots for both walnut and soybean were decreased with the depth except for that of soybean in plot 1.5-2.0 m, niche overlap of soybean roots were lower than that of walnut in plots 1.5-3.0 m from the tree row beside the plot 3.0-3.5 m. Both niche similarity of roots and underground species competitive index between walnut and soybean were greater in the 1.0-2.5 m from the tree row, where is the main area competing for soil moisture and nutrients.

  Fertilizer Effect and Fertilizer Response Equation of Tobacco Crops Under Tobacco-rice Rotation System in Southern and Central Hunan 2013, 29 (24):  74-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2949 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 634079KB )   ( 560 ) The purpose of the study is to establish effect function models of N, P, K fertilizer balanced application on the flue-cured tobacco crops under the tobacco-rice rotation system area of Southern and Central Hunan, and to determine the reasonable fertilization rate of tobacco, by using the design of “3414” experiment suggested by FAO with some modification, the field plot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different applying rate of N, P and K fertilizer on the flue-cured tobacco crops under the tobacco-rice rotation system area of Southern and Central Hunan, and to estimate the optimum fertilization rate for the scientific and reasonable fertilization recommendation. The results showed that, the native contribution of tobacco soil for production of flue-cured tobacco was much smaller, and the economic product yield of flue-cured tobacco of no fertilizer plot only accounts for 36.4%-39.4% that of the balanced NPK fertilization plot (treatment 6). In this study, the fertilizer which had the largest increasing production for economic yield was nitrogen, which had the increased production was 719.6 kg/hm2, 1109.7 kg/hm2 and 441.0 kg/hm2 in Nongda, Yongzhou and Changning site, respectively. The data of “3414” experiment at three experiment sites could not be fitted in with the binary quadratic fertilizer response function successfully, one-place quadratic fertilizer response function could be used at Nongda experiment site, and its optimum fertilization rate in this experiment condition were N 159.8 kg/hm2, P2O5 86.1 kg/hm2 and K2O 152.2 kg/hm2 respectively. Terrnary quadratic fertilizer response function could be used at Yongzhou experiment site, and its optimum fertilization rate in this experiment condition was N 175.2 kg/hm2, P2O5 52.1 kg/hm2 and K2O 278.3 kg/hm2 respectively. One-place quadratic fertilizer response function could be recommended at Changning experiment site, and its optimum fertilization rate in this experiment condition was N 178.7 kg/hm2, P2O5 107.8 kg/hm2 and K2O 279.2 kg/hm2, respectively. By summarizing the data of the above “3414” experiment, the optimum fertilization parametes of tobacco plants fertilization decision could be obtained and the optimum fertilization rate of N, P and K were N 172.2 kg/hm2, P2O5 93.3 kg/hm2, K2O 300.0 kg/hm2 in double cropping rice area of the South Central of Hunan, respectively.

  Influence of Vapor Pressure on the Nitrogen Release of Polymer-coated Fertilizers 2013, 29 (24):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2201 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 671560KB )   ( 581 ) In order to reveal the mechanism of nitrogen release of polymer-coated fertilizers, the N release characteristic from 4 polymer-coated fertilizers which have different produce technics and nutrition release mechanism was investigated in this paper. The results showed that: based on the experiments of nitrogen release under different vapor pressure, the cumulate release rate of nitrogen from polymer-coated fertilizers was: H2O＞saturated solution of KH2PO4＞saturated solution of KCl; the nitrogen release activation energy from polymer-coated fertilizers was: H2O＜saturated solution of KH2PO4＜saturated solution of KCl. The cumulate release rate of nitrogen from polymer-coated fertilizers increased as the difference between vapor pressure in or out integument increasing, and both the coated materials and the types of nutrient affected the release rate of nitrogen release from fertilizers.

  The Application of Azomite on Water-saving Drought-resistant Rice 2013, 29 (24):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0142 Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 521706KB )   ( 731 ) In order to study the effect of Azomite on growth and yield of ‘Hanyou8’, a water-saving and drought-resistant rice, was used as the sample, the experiment was carried under three N rates including 160 kg/hm2 (LN), 200 kg/hm2 (NN) and 240 kg/hm2 (HN). No Azomite fertilizer as a control, the experiment was carried under water-saving cultivation mode. The results show that: in the three N rates, Azomite could increase plants flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, panicle number, spike length, grain yield of ‘Hanyou8’, in LN and NN, the actual yield was increased 6.41% and 11.1% respectively in significantly. In the soil, Azomite has no effect on soil pH. The total N and available P reduced in three N rates. Soil organic matter, available P was increased in LN and NN treatments; available N was increased in NN and HN treatments.

  Analysis of Yield Formation of High Quality Wheat in Different Seeding Time in Northern Henan 2013, 29 (24):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2471 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 522843KB )   ( 594 ) In order to determine the suitable sowing of wheat, and technology to support and theoretical basis for the Yubei vigorously the development of high quality wheat production. Analysis using EXCEL software and other mathematical statistical methods, the Yubei different quality wheat varieties yield structure of the different sowing dates. The results indicated that, the variety rule of ‘Hebei-8901’ was the steadiest, which was to say that the variable sowing-time had no much effect on its yield in the last. But the breeds of ‘Zhengmai-9405’ and ‘Zhengmai-9023’ had showed remarkable differences. Experimental study was drawn: sowed earlier and wheat had more time growing stronger, and more quantify of heat accumulated, before the time of winter coming they had the much reasonable colony. From the result of the trial, we had known that, the most suitable sowing-time of wheat with semi-winter feature was in Oct. 5th to 15th like ‘Zhengmai-9023’ with feebleness-spring feature should be postponed 5-7 days accordingly.

  Adjustment Effect of Straw Returning and Fertilizer Application on the Yield Traits of Winter Wheat ‘Wanmai 52’ 2013, 29 (24):  101-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2884 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 481580KB )   ( 559 ) Under whole quantity of straw returning condition, this study was to research the appropriate balanced fertilization technology using the positioning experiments .The different fertilizers logistics have an effect on yield under the condition of wheat-corn continuous cropping and whole quantity of straw returning. The results indicated that different fertilizer treatments have extremely significant on wheat yields and other factors but ears of K Fertilizer. Straw returning of corn under one year have no significance on wheat yields and production factors but weight of 1000 grains, with the N fertilizer application increasing, the tread of the weight of 1000 grains descended. The high weight of 1000 grains was N24P12K12 with 41.5 g. Straw returning and N interactions have no effect on yields and other yields of factors. Straw returning and P interactions have a significant effect on wheat grain number, and have an extremely significant effect on wheat grain yields and other production factors. Straw returning and K interactions have significant effect on wheat grain number and grain number but other factors. The high yield of different fertilizers was N30P12K12, N36P18K12 and N36P12K12, with 8572.5 kg/hm2, 9028.5 kg/hm2 and 8500.5 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Straw Mulching Plus Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain Filling Rate and Grain Yield in Wheat ‘Zhoumai22’ yong jingni 2013, 29 (24):  105-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0992 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 525049KB )   ( 536 ) In order to use the corn straw in agricultural production, study on the effects of straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer on grain filling rate and grain yield in wheat ‘Zhoumai22’. The results showed that, the total of grain filling followed “slow-fast-slow” variation. The maximum of grain filling rate and the average filling rate of the S+N240 treatment were the highest among the six treatments, the S+N195+C1500 treatment times. Yield, spike number and 1000-grain weight of the S+N240 treatment were the maximum in all treatments, 8661.8 kg/hm2, 50.2 g, 631.5×104 per hm2, respectively, and higher than the first treatment by 12.6%, 12.0%, 9.7%, respectively. Grain number per ear reached the highest values (34.8 grains) at the fifth treatment, and higher than the S+N150 treatment by 10.6%. The highest culms of ‘Zhoumai22’ were the S+N240 treatment, the spikes of S+N195+C1500 treatment was higher than that of other treatments, but the difference was not significant. The results indicated that, straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on grain filling rate and grain yield of wheat ‘Zhoumai22’ (P≤0.01), and the S+N240 treatment might be the proper treatment in wheat production.

  Effect of Stable Long-acting Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Efficiency of Spring Maize 2013, 29 (24):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2349 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 520319KB )   ( 618 ) With the stable long-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the material of the experiment, the effect on the yield and efficiency of spring maize was studied in Yuci, Shanxi Province to explore the role of the long-acting ammonium chloride in prolonging fertilizer efficiency, improving crop yields and reducing the topdressing times. The results showed that, when the farmers’ conventional amount of fertilizer was applied the long-acting ammonium chloride significantly increased maize yield of 1132 kg/hm2 by improving yield components, increased economic benefit of 2804 yuan/hm2, and total nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic efficiency respectively enhanced by 80.44 kg/hm2, 33.52% and 4.72 kg/kg compared with the treatment of ordinary ammonium chloride of conventional amount. The maize yield of the treatment that 90% of the amount of long-acting ammonium chloride fertilizer was applied had no significant difference with the yield of ammonium chloride of conventional fertilization, and could increase economic benefit of 308 yuan/hm2, and total nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic efficiency were also improved while the maize yield of the treatment that 85% of the amount of long-acting ammonium chloride fertilizer was applied made the yield significantly reduced. Taking economic and ecological benefits into account, 90% of the amount of long-acting nitrogen fertilizer could be served as the recommended amount of fertilizer in spring maize of the local.

  Effect of Reducing and Postponing Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Canopy Physiological Properties of Corn 2013, 29 (24):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0649 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 651855KB )   ( 527 ) An experiment, with ‘Zhengdan 958’ as the trial material, was carried out for further study on the effect of reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization on the yield and physiological properties of corn, in which five ways of nitrogen fertilization - no nitrogen fertilization (N0), habitual nitrogen fertilization (N300/2), reducing nitrogen fertilization (N240/2), reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization (N240/3), reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization (N200/3) were applied with complete randomized block design, three times’ repetition, planting density being 75000/hm2. The results showed that: compared with habitual nitrogen fertilization (N300/2), reducing nitrogen fertilization (N240/2) made the SPAD value of the blade, PN and the yield of the corn all reduced while the Dualex value increased; the difference being insignificant, which suggested that reducing nitrogen fertilization should be practical in production; compared with habitual nitrogen fertilization (N300/2) and reducing nitrogen fertilization (N240/2), reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization (N240/3) made the SPAD value and the photosynthetic rate of the blade after 30 days and 45 days of sprouting as well as the yield of the corn all reduced too, while the value of Dualex had a certain increase, the difference being insignificant as well while its difference from reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization (N200/3) being significant; compared with habitual nitrogen fertilization (N300/2), reducing nitrogen fertilization (N240/2), and reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization (N200/3), reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization (N240/3) made the SPAD value and the photosynthetic rate of the blade after 60 days and 75 days of sprouting as well as the yield of the corn all increased while the value of Dualex had a certain decrease, the difference being significant; corn plant nitrogen by way of reducing and postponing nitrogen fertilization (N240/3) could not only meet the demand of nutrition for corn growth, reduce the investment, and improve the yield of the corn as well as nitrogen use efficiency.

  Influence of Cotton Wilt Syndrome on Cotton Growth, Development, Yield and Quality 2013, 29 (24):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2334 Abstract + ( 1500 )   PDF ( 589888KB )   ( 743 ) In order to explore the disease of cotton growth, yield and quality of influence, in order to provide the basis for comprehensive treatment measures according to. Through the use of Macao as ecological instrument co., LTD of chlorophyll meter SPAD-502, test diseased plants and normal strain upper the first and the second quarter main stem leaf and flowering of the first leaf chlorophyll content, and the results show that: the initial plant of upper leaf chlorophyll content below the normal strain, over time, the difference between a narrow. Through the survey measurement varieties (strains) with the pathogenesis of strain and normal strain growth situation, the results showed that, early onset of plant flowering plant height and number than the normal strain significantly reduced, come on later, plant height and branch number than the normal strain reduced but not obvious. No matter the plant of morning and evening, 7-8 standard of performance for a large number of young budding off, this and other diseases caused by cotton young fluid rather than young budding off significantly different. The second was plant of big bell, bell off increase and decrease flowers. Through the picking harvest diseases plants and normal strains respectively unginned cotton and weighing rolling son calculation, all diseases plants were performing different levels of production. Through the plant materials would cut its proportion of the strain rate hook measure, the results indicated that, all varieties (strains) reduction ratio and the onset of strain rate were positively correlated (coefficient R=0.98), its fitting regression equation for Y=1.180+0.852X. Through the varieties (strains) with plant and normal plant fibers as the professional testing, the results showed that, the plant fiber quality drops obviously, especially in each value the greatest reduction. Explain the maturity of the cotton boll plant growth course of change. Observation test results showed that, the cotton plant physiological mechanism change, resulting in lower chlorophyll content, lower plant height, branch to reduce, the young budding off and young fluid off increase, resulting in the boll reduce production, also caused the plant fiber maturity down. The earlier of the impact, the greater the strain rate, the higher the cut loss.

  Talk About Maize Regional Trial System of China in Accordance with the Regional Trial Results of Shanxi in 2011 2013, 29 (24):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2412 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 482290KB )   ( 540 ) In order to promote maize new varieties rapidly in the most suitable area, we analyzed the results of Shanxi Province maize regional trial in 2011 from different angles with the methods of investigating the yield of these test point with varieties increasing production or increasing yield more than 5%. Such as in the late-maturing areas (4200 density group), there was no variety with an average yield more than 5% at each test point. We statistic only the varieties with increasing yield more than 5% at each test point. The proportion of point with increasing yield was 100%. Such as in the late-maturing preliminary test (3500 density group), the proportion of the tested varieties with average yield more than 5% at each test point was 19.4%, but the proportion of the test point with increasing yield was 69.4%. The results showed that, the number of authorized varieties increase and the promoting area of every variety shrink. It would raise our country maize yield on a large scale. This requires of maize regional trial system of China at present might be reformed and give new ideas for new varieties promotion or change the statistical way of regional trial yield. We also could learn from foreign variety registration system, carrying out variety registration system and variety's sales margin system. It will help to encourage and urge enterprises to ensure that the varieties they sale had the productivity and adaptability in production, to make the maize industry of China develop excellently.

  Application of Genetic Engineering in Rapeseed Lipid Research 2013, 29 (24):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3087 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 704176KB )   ( 821 ) As the most important oil crop in China, rapeseed plays an important role both in our daily life and industrial production. In this paper, the biochemical process of seed oil synthesis, three main ways and the progress of improving oil content by genetic engineering techniques in rapeseed were reviewed. The paper also introduced the latest research advances of genetic engineering techniques which used in improving the quality of rape fatty acids，such as oleic acid, erucic acid and lauric acid. In addition, the application tendency of genetic engineering techniques in rapeseed oil was discussed.

  Molecular Research Progress of Microbial Transglutaminase 2013, 29 (24):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1386 Abstract + ( 1027 )   PDF ( 626052KB )   ( 863 ) Transglutaminase can generate covalent cross-links between protein molecules or intramolecular covalent cross-links to change functional properties of proteins, and is applied in industries of food processing, medicine,cosmetic and textile. Microbial transglutaminase has aroused much more attention because of its calcium-independent and broader substrate specificity. The gene sequence characteristics, crystal structure, enzymatic characteristics and gene expression of microbial transglutaminase were summarized.

  The Progress of Biodegradation Pathways of the Carotenoids in Higher Plants 2013, 29 (24):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3207 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 760882KB )   ( 887 ) This paper summarized the main degradation pathways of the carotenoids in higher plants. The article pointed out that the major ways of the carotenoid degradation are enzymatic and non-enzymatic. The former is catalyzed by β-carotenehydroxylase (BCH), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD) or lipoxygenase(LOX), the later includes direct chemically oxidative, photo- and thermo-oxidative degradation. Thereinto, the thermo-oxidative degradation involves the degradations under mild (0-100℃) and severe (300-800℃) conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the carotenoid degradations are not completely clear. The paper would provide a theoretical basis for the artificial control of the carotenoid degradations in the production and processing of the higher plants products.

  The progress of establishing transient expression system in plant cell 2013, 29 (24):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0924 Abstract + ( 1665 )   PDF ( 602831KB )   ( 1929 ) Abstract: Transient expression system was a quick and efficient method to detection foreigner proteins expression in plant cell during recent years. This method has been gradually applied to various biological studies. Plant cell transient expression system has been as a new way to convenient and efficient studying promoter activity, gene functions and proteins localization in cell. In this paper, we concluded processes of how to establish and develop the plant transient expression system, as well as we summarized applications and biological significance of this system according to recent years’ research. Meanwhile we also denoted some deficiencies which still exist in the system. Base on these deficiencies, some reasonable recommendations are provided. At the end, we prospected applications of transient expression system on molecular cell biology, proteomics and virology.

  The Cloning and Expression Analysis of Putative Oxalate Oxidase Gene in Soybean 2013, 29 (24):  157-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2747 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 677550KB )   ( 705 ) In order to clone oxalate oxidase gene of soybean and identify its function, the degenerate primer was designed on based on homology oxalate oxidase genes of dicotyledonous plant from GenBank database. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the gene expression. The cloned gene fragment size was 504 bp without intron and encoded 168 amino acids. Homology comparison found it was high homology with germin protein of soybean and oxalate oxidase of medicago and arachis hypogaca. The gene expression induced by oxalate showed that the expression was relative with oxalate induction. There was significant difference in expression amount and expression time between resistant and susceptive germplasm. To infer that the gene fragment was a germin gene fragment with oxalate oxidase activity.

  Study on experimental techniques for DNA from ancient meat 2013, 29 (24):  162-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1045 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 617957KB )   ( 669 ) Since many studies have highlighted the feasibility of analyzing DNA from all type of ancient remains including bones, hair, teeth and even coprolithes. Therefore aDNA(ancient DNA) is widely investigated in archeaozoology research fields. However the study of aDNA is challenging due to the contamination by exogenous current DNA. In this paper, we tried to extract the ancient DNA from the ancient meat of Nan’ao Ⅰ shipwreck, and amplify the aDNA by Universal Primers of 18SrDNA and mtDNA 16S rRNA (animal tissue). The designated primers successfully amplified the aDNA .But the results were not reasonable . Through the analysis of the effects of experimental factors, to provide reference for the further research.

  Research Progresses on Invasion Mechanisms of Three Liriomyza Species 2013, 29 (24):  167-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3646 Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 509652KB )   ( 686 ) Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii are the main alien invasive species in china which have a great harm on environment and agricultural economies. This review has reviewed the recent research progresses on ecological adaptability and population succession mechanisms form host-plant selection, interspecific competition and environment factors. Population occurrence and diffusion of alien invasive leafminers are described. This review was in order to provide information for using guidelines to control three alien invasive Liriomyza species.

  Analysis of Immigration Trajectory and Source Areas of Rice Planthopper in Guangdong Province 2013, 29 (24):  172-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3565 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 1694930KB )   ( 565 ) In order to determine the immigration trajectory and source areas of rice planthopper in Guangdong Province, and to establish a basis for refined forecasting and source suppression, the geographic distribution of the source area of early immigrant rice planthopper was analyzed by GrADS (Graphics Processing Software), HYSPLIT-4, a trajectory analysis software for the simulation of migration pathways, and light trap catch data from 2 plant protection stations (including Qingxin, Panyu). The results indicated that precipitation was observed the immigrant and peaks days, as well as one day and two days ago. Downward airflow and precipitation were main two reasons of forcing rice planthopper to land focusly. The peaks of early immigrants of rice planthopper were from early May to early July for early-rice growth reason. Lower jet, southwest and south flows provides carrying force for immigrant rice planthopper, and most of the early immigrants came from Vietnam, southern Laos, Hainan Province, southern Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province. The peaks of early immigrants of rice planthopper were from early September to early October for late-rice growth reason. Rice planthopper was back moved from north to south with north flow, and source of immigrant insect was distributed in the rice areas of Hunan and Jiangxi etc.

  Occurrence and Popularity Regularity of Maize Rough Dwarf Virus Disease in Qiaocheng of Bozhou 2013, 29 (24):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3105 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 523970KB )   ( 644 ) To analyze occurrence regularity of maize rough dwarf disease in Qiaocheng of Bozhou, we investigated systematically maize varieties, timing of sowing, cultivation patterns and meteorology regularity to analyze the impact of MRDV occurrence and popularity. The results showed that, the interaction impact of high temperature and drought and timing of sowing was main reason of MRDV occurrence and popularity. There was the lowest disease resistance of ‘Ludan981’, which the percentage of the disease incidence rate was 4.1%. The variety of ‘Jinsai6850’ had the highest disease resistance and disease incidence rate had only 0.9%. Because of high temperature and draught, there was the highest incidence rate of maize rough dwarf disease between in May and in June, the disease incidence rate was 21.2% in May, and 0.12% in June.

  The Identification of the Pathogen Causing Rape Powdery Mildew in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province 2013, 29 (24):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0653 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 2330532KB )   ( 606 ) The pathogen causing powdery mildew on Brassica napus L. in Shaanxi province, was indentificated by morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analysis. Conidiophores of pathogen were unbranched. conidia were brone singly, hyphae, cylindrical, or ellipsoid-cylindrica. No chasmothecia were found. The ITS region of rDNA was amplified with universal primers and sequenced. The collected five strains and the two Erysiphe cruciferarum strains fell within a single clade with 96% bootstrap support by established the parsimony tree. Based on phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters of the anamorph, we identi?ed the collected five strains as Erysiphe cruciferarum in Shaanxi province.

  Studies on Inhibition of Wheat Pollen Polysaccharide to Microorganism 2013, 29 (24):  197-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2528 Abstract + ( 785 )   PDF ( 944179KB )   ( 565 ) Wheat Pollen polysaccharides on inhibition of microbial. Wheat pollen was carried out with cell-wall-broken treatment through temperature difference wall-broking method and enzymolysis wall-broking method in this study. Active polysaccharide was extracted from cell-wall-broken pollen and was purified by use of methyl alcohol fractionated precipitation method. Experiments using two-factor randomized block design, and the inhibitory effect of the polysaccharides of wheat pollen analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests. The results indicated that Wheat pollen polysaccharide had very significant inhibitory effects to bacteria and had significant inhibitory effects to fungi. The polysaccharide purified by 35% of methyl alcohol with 3000r/min centrifugation had the best inhibitory effect on bacteria and fungi. Methanol concentration of 30%, 4000r/min centrifuge and the inhibitory effect of active polysaccharides from the bacteria to 30% methanol concentration, 3500r/min centrifugal purification process significantly; other methanol concentration, obtained by the centrifugal rotation of the purification process activity polysaccharides on the bacterial inhibition effect.

  Analysis on Influence of Aroma Substance in Tobacco Stem by Microwave Expansion 2013, 29 (24):  207-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3488 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 599011KB )   ( 618 ) Using microwave expansion treatment tobacco stem, before and after the treatment tobacco stem were made cut stems according to the conventional process, 8 class 77 kinds of the aroma components of two kinds of cut stems were determined respectively and analyzed comparatively, and the smoking quality of two kinds of cut stems were evaluated. The results showed that: Compared to cut stems made of microwave treatment tobacco stem and by conventional process, alcohols and esters of the aroma components relative content had no significant difference. Phenolic and olefin hydrocarbon had significant difference, respectively was -10.98% and 10.33%. Aldehydes, ketones, acids and heterocyclic existed significantly difference, respectively was 27.54%, 12.99%, 39.15% and 30.83%; The smoking quality was improved obviously.

  Development and Validation of Predictive Models of Lactobacillus Isolated from Marinated Duck Frame Under Different Temperature 2013, 29 (24):  212-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3710 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 738515KB )   ( 620 ) The changes of Lactobacillus of marinated duck frame in different constant temperature area were monitored. Gompertz model was used to fit one-level predict model, and two-level predict model were built respectively using Belehradek model and quadratic polynomialrelation. With the increase of temperature the maximum specific growth rate and lag phase ranged from 0.73 to 2.26 and from 4.41 to 0.55, which indicated that the growth of Lactobacillus was influenced by temperature significantly. R-square of two-level predict model built by Belehradek model was close 1 and bigger than built by quadratic polynomialrelation, which demonstrated the model developed could effectively predict the changes of Lactobacillus of marinated duck frame from 5℃ to 25℃.

  Study on CSR Management of Food Supply Chain Based on Core Business Enterprise 2013, 29 (24):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4129 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 599452KB )   ( 697 ) This article explored the Corporate Social Responsibility of the food supply chain management in terms of core business enterprise. It outlined the content of Corporate Social Responsibility in food industry from the layer model and the characteristics of Corporate Social Responsibility in the food supply chain, analyzed the key role of core business enterprise in food supply chain management. It is the key to improve the management of Corporate Social Responsibility in the whole chain that the core business enterprise and the other members of the chain to implement social responsibility together. It set up the constraint and delivering mechanism from the point of the corporate culture and the information sharing, and illustrated the role and conducts of core business enterprise. To promote the sustainable development of food supply chain, the core business enterprise should develop suppliers’ active consciousness of social responsibility actively, ease their cost pressure and enhance the supervise to suppliers’ social responsibility implement etc.