Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.25 Published:05 September 2013

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  Preliminary Survey on the Cold Injury of Rubber Clones of Cold-resistant Outpost Site in Guangdong Province 2013, 29 (25):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3579 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 535187KB )   ( 627 ) In order to select superior main clones and cold hardy germplasm resources, some superior clones， h igh-yielding clones selected by test tapping and introduced varieties were used as materials, systematic investigation was carried out on its symptom of cold injury planted in Xinhua State Farm of Huazhou, Guangdong Province during the winter-spring of 2010-2011. The results showed that: some traditional cold-resistant clones, such as 93-114 had low infection to cold damage with less than 2 grade, meanwhile major clone Reyan 7-33-97 in Hainan plantation showed medium cold resistance with 3.46 grade, and domestic clones performed better on adaptability to cold injury than introduced clones, in addition, leaf phenology had obvious effect on its cold-hardiness when cold injury occurred, unstable leaf phenology would aggravate the harm of cold injury.

  Analysis of Nuclear Ribosomal ITS Sequences in Musa (Musaceae) 2013, 29 (25):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0616 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 592500KB )   ( 792 ) In order to analyze the variations of ITS sequences in Musa, the ITS sequences of 33 wild species from different geographical origin in Musa were amplified by PCR and sequenced, and then the NJ tree was constructed by ITS sequences. The results showed that, the sequences of the ITS in Musa had a strong phylogenetic signal. 108 (24.43%) informative base sites were detected. And a lot of indels and/or single base substitutions were observed in the sequences of various samples in Sect. Australimusa, which had 21 different sequence sites from other sections. According to the analysis of the sequences, we could infer that Sect. Australimusa might be the inter-specific hybrids between M. schizocarpa and M. balbisiana (ITC0271). Sect. Eumusa and Sect. Rhodochlamys had no difference in the sequences. The ITS sequence differentiation was possibly affected from the influence of the geographic distribution. A new species, M.tongbiguanensi identified by Chen, could be distinguished from other species in ITS sequence. It proved that M.tongbiguanensi might be a new species in molecular level. The sequences analysis of ITS was good to discriminate the phylogenetic relation between species/subspecies in Musa.

  Daily changes of photosynthetic characteristics of four cultivars of tung tree (Vernicia fordii) 2013, 29 (25):  12-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0612 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 658379KB )   ( 631 ) The photosynthetic characteristics of four cultivars of tung tree were measured with lico-6400 photosynthetic instrument.The results showed that:⑴ Net photosynthetic rate , stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the cultivas‘Putaotong’,‘Xiaomitong’and ‘Duiniantong’were changed as single peak curve,while ‘Damitong’was changed as bimodal peak curve;(2) Intercellular CO2 of four cultivars of tung tree concentration appeared to vary in a V-shaped curve; (3)The order in daily chang of average net photosynthetic rate of them was taken as‘Putaotong’>‘Xiaomitong’>‘Duiniantong’>‘Damitong’; (4) The impact order that main ecological physiological of net photosynthetic value of tung tree was transpiration rate>intercellular CO2 concentration>PAR>stomatal conductance.

  Study on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Slash Pine’s Half- sib Families 2013, 29 (25):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1069 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 528747KB )   ( 490 ) In order to select the different nitrogen nutritional type and barren resistance genotypes of slash pine half-sib families, the right half-sib families were selected to forestation under the different nutritional conditions. To explore the mechanism of absorbing nitrogen differences of different slash pine half-sib families，a hydroponic experiment was carried out to measure the uptake kinetics of nitrogen. The results showed that: there were greater differences of the kinetic characteristics between different families. The maximum absorption rate was in accordance with annual average height, annual average single-tree volume of slash pine’s half-sib Families and ranged as 0-464>0-1027>Ⅱ-101>0-609>CK. Compared with the common varieties, the 0-464 and 0-1027 belonged to high N efficient genotype which were suitable for under high N level. The 0-609 andⅡ-101 belonged to N barren resistance genotypes which were suitable for under low N level. The results provided theoretical basis for selecting the nitrogen barren resistance genotypes and high nitrogen efficiency germplasm resources and high yield cultivation.

  Callus induction and establishment of cell suspension culture system for Fraxinusm andshu rica 2013, 29 (25):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0689 Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 714463KB )   ( 666 ) A stable suspending cell culture of Fraxinusm andshu rica could be used for genetic transformation or screening monoclone after mutagenesis. In this study, stalks of Fraxinusm andshu rica were used to induce calli and suspending cells were obtained after a series gradient of 2,4-D were added in the culture. The calli could be subcultured 3-4 gengerations every 15d in the media of WPM+BA0.1mg/L+2,4,-D0.015mg/L+20g/L sucrose to get stalbe cell culture.

  Effect of 60 Co γ Rays Radiation on Endogenous hormone During Seed Germination 2013, 29 (25):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0901 Abstract + ( 1112 )   PDF ( 700938KB )   ( 701 ) The seeds of Phyllostacchys edulis were irradiated by different does of 60Coγrays, the effects of the radiation on endogenous hormones contents during seed germination. The endogenous hormones of ABA、GA3、IAA、ZR were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the germination process could be accelerated by 15 Gy 60 Co γ and 30 Gy 60 Co γ rays, thereby led to increased values of GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA、(GA3+ZR）/ABA and ZR/ABA , consequently promoted seed germination 12h compared with the control. 60 Gy-120 Gy 60Coγrays could inhibit the germination process, the content of GA3、IAA、ZR were decreased, while ABA was increased, the values of GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA、（GA3+ZR）/ABA and ZR/ABA were decreased compared with CK.

  Analysis of Differential Proteins between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus Using Two Dimensional Polyacryamide Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry 2013, 29 (25):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0970 Abstract + ( 794 )   PDF ( 657229KB )   ( 641 ) The plane-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, which is the most serious conifer disease in the world. However, it is difficult to differentiate isolates of B. xylophilus from the closely related species B. mucronatus, which is not pathogenic to pine trees. So it is very important to distinguish B. mucronatus from B. xylophilus rapidly. We applied the two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to study the proteomics of the two nematodes. And we have obtained 45 differentiate proteins, 22 of which were from B. xylophilus and others were from B. mucronatus. The results supply new insights into the rapid identification of B. xylophilus the virulence of B. xylophilus.

  Biological Characteristics of Trichoderma Strain 2013, 29 (25):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1038 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 806666KB )   ( 646 ) Trichoderma is a potential biocontrol fungus which was isolated from Griflola frondosa, the morphology and their biological characteristics of Trichoderma were investigated. The results showed that, it could grow on the PDA, MEA, basic and Czapek culture medium, but PDA was the most favorable for the hyphae growth, where the plant can be covered with culture dish in 2 days. From 10℃ to 37℃ it could grow and the optimal temperature for the growth was 25℃, while 30℃ was best for the sporulation. It could grow on the media with a wide range of pH value from 2 to 10, and the optimum pH value was 5 to 7. Beef extract was the optimum nitrogen source and glucose was the best carbon source; VB6 was the best vitamin for hyphae growth.

  Study on Rapid Micropropagation System of Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC. by Tissue Culture 2013, 29 (25):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0681 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 563564KB )   ( 792 ) For germplasm conservation and rapid propagation of Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC., the stem-segment with axillary buds taken as explants to be studied for tissue culture system. The results showed that, the best sterilization method was that explants could be treated with 75% ethyl alcohol and 0.1% HgCl2 for 30 s and 5 min, respectively. The percentage of sterile explant could arrive at 87.5%. The best basic medium of callus proliferation was MS, but DKW was better than MS and B5 to be used in test-tube plantlet multiplication and root induction. It was suggested that DKW supplemented with (1.0-2.0) mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L KT+(0.3-0.5) mg/L IBA to be desirable treatment for subculture and multiplication, with 4 times multiplication rate after a 20-25 days cultivation. The media with 1/2 DKW+(0.5-0.7) mg/L NAA or 1/2 DKW+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IAA was suggested for the rooting induction. The rooting rate was above 82%.

  Technical Studies of Softwood Cuttings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei 2013, 29 (25):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1753 Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 530522KB )   ( 1320 ) In order to explore the optimal conditions for softwood cuttings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, and solve the difficulties in breeding of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. In this study, the effect of callus rate, mean root rate, mean root number and mean root length of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by 5 factors including hormone, disinfectant time, hormone treatment, cutting age and matrix was assessed in order to study the softwood cuttings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. The results showed that: the hormones, cutting age and matrix had obvious effects of Taxus chinensis var. mairei softwood cuttings, but disinfection and hormone treatment time had no significant effects on cutting rooting. The optimal combination for cutting was A2B1C1D2E1 that was IBA 1000 mg/L+potassium permanganate disinfection in 30 s+hormones in 30 s+adult tree cuttings+peat and perlite in ratio of 1:1.

  Impact of Cultivation Medium and Induced Root Container with Porous Protruberances Surface on Seedling Growth of Two Plants 2013, 29 (25):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1055 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 864464KB )   ( 628 ) In order to encourage the growth of fibrous root and increase the survival rate of plantlet transplanted, seedling growth of Melilptus suaveolens Ledeb. and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.ex Kom.) Cheng f. was researched by induced root containers with porous protruberances surface (IRCPPS) and cultivation medium. The result showed that: growth of plants in IRCPPS was better than in common plastic pots with medium1, and particulaily overground part of Melilptus suaveolens and underground of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. such as the plant height, leaf number, leaf area, main roots, fibrous roots, aboveground plant fresh weight, dry weight and the underground part of the fresh weight, dry weight of Melilptus suaveolens Ledeb. were 56.21%, 65.00%, 70.00%, 21.00%, 41.96%, 61.11%, 97.3%, 11.56%, 19.03% more respectively in IRCPPS filled by medium1 than in common plastic pots. Those indices of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus in IRCPPS were higher than ordinary pots 21.82%, 4.44%, 15.97%, 38.28%, 76.83%, 18.76%, 20.07%, 57.84%, 19.77%. The aboveground growth of two species in CK pots was better than in IRCPPS，but the growth of their roots was improved significantly. The plant seedling growth with medium2 in ck pots was better than with medium1; Melilptus suaveolens in IRCPPS with medium2 was cultured better, but Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was opposite, was better in the medium1. IRCPPS could promote the seedling growth, but effect of IRCPPS should be different with different plant species and different medium.

  Characteristics and Distribution of Soil Microbial in Different Plant Communities of Karst Area 2013, 29 (25):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1060 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 585167KB )   ( 680 ) Based on the comparison of distribution and characteristics of the soil microbial in different plant communities of Karst area, the author studied the number of the soil microbial and feature of respiration intensity, in order to provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis about the soil microbial whether it helps plant community in Karst area. By the field investigation and laboratory analysis methods, the author researched the characteristics and distribution of the soil microbial of Pinus armandii secondary forest, Pinus armandii woodland, bush wood and abandoned land in central Yunnan. The results showed that: along with the accumulation of community restoration, the content of nutrients and microorganisms’ number in soils was increasing. And it was different to proportion of the total number about 3 main types of microorganisms. Besides microbial respiration was the strongest influence on the whole soil respiration, it affected the carbonate Karst erosion rate, and affected the restoration process of plant communities in Karst areas.

  Control Effect of Allyl Isothiocyanate Against Longicorn Beetles 2013, 29 (25):  65-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0652 Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 491979KB )   ( 667 ) In order to determine the control effect of ally isothiocyante(AITC) against longicorn beetles, the dosages and fumigation time of AITC to longicorn beetles larva, the treatment method of the tunnels and seals were studied in this paper. The results showed that by using 0.5-1.0 mL AITC per tunnel, the control effect was more than 96.7% one day after treatment, and the inside of the tunnels need not to be cleaned and using kaolin and plastic film to seal the tunnels. We can draw the conclusion that AITC was a very effective botanical insecticide to control longicorn beetles.

  Research Progress on the Distribution, Prevention and Control Method of Tobacco Heavy Metals 2013, 29 (25):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0121 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 496732KB )   ( 827 ) The toxic effect of harmful heavy metals in tobacco, such as Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb and As was sketched in this paper. The research progress in distribution of these heavy metals on different parts of tobacco in recent years was reviewed. The effective prevention and control methods of reducing the pollution and hazards of heavy metals during production were also summarized. We suggested that the tobacco scientific researchers should study the absorption, distribution and prevention fatherly. Meanwhile, the whole manufacturing process should highly controlled by departments of tobacco productions. The pollution source of heavy metals should be cut off, in order to guarantee the safety of tobacco products, thus protect the safety of smokers.

  Advances in Biological Control on Anthracnose of Postharvest Tropical Fruits 2013, 29 (25):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0171 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 579739KB )   ( 762 ) This paper summarized the materials used for biological control were come from beneficial microorganisms and antimicrobial active substances from animals, plants and beneficial microorganisms. Concluded the control efficiency of these materials functions through antagonism, competition, colonization and induction of host resistance, and obtained the most effective method for control of tropical fruit anthracnose was integrated biological, physical and chemical method. This paper reviewed the recent achievements and provided some new ideas for future research of biological control on postharvest tropical fruit anthracnose.

  Research on The Adaptability of New Flue-Cured Tobacco Varieties (Lines) in Ankang Tobacco Growing Area 2013, 29 (25):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0594 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 555280KB )   ( 698 ) In order to screen new Flue-Cured Tobacco Varieties (lines) of mountain characteristics in Ankang tobacco growing area, the adaptable selection experiments of 6 newly Introduced flue-cured tobacco varieties (lines) were done at two set up test sites in Ankang ,ain producing areas, K326, Yunyan 87 and Qinyan 96 were used as controls. The results showed that, YN105 had more leaved per plant, chemical composition was coordinate, the yield per unit area was 2221.05kg/hm2, the Single output was 33960.00 yuan /hm2, The rate of secondary smoke was 80.17%, it had good performances in testing varieties. Center flower of YN99 opened late, chemical composition was coordinate, the yield per unit area was 2128.50 kg/hm2, the Single output was 33454.05 yuan /hm2, The rate of secondary smoke was 83.17%, it also had good performances in testing varieties. YN105 and YN99 were recommended as cultivar varieties (lines) can be moderate planted in Ankang tobacco growing area.

  The Effects of Exogenous Substances on Chilling Resistance of Pepper Seedlings 2013, 29 (25):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0256 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 559220KB )   ( 562 ) Selected the pepper seedlings as the experimental material, different concentration of spermidine, chitosan, salicylic acid, CaCl2, betaine solution were sprayed respectively, and then relative conductivity, chilling injury index, soluble sugar content, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured and analyzed after 5 days under the day temperature/night temperature 10℃/5℃ low temperature stress, this paper discussed the effect of exogenous substances on pepper seedlings in low temperature stress. The results indicated that appropriate concentration of exogenous substances produce positive influence on improving cold resistance of pepper seedlings by reducing relative conductivity, chilling injury index, accumulation of MDA and increasing the osmotic regulation substances content such as soluble sugar and proline. The optimal concentrations of Spermidine, chitosan, salicylic acid, CaCl2, betaine to improve chilling resistance were 0.5 mmol/L, 50 mg/L, 2 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L.

  Preliminary Study on Reversion of Vitrification in Tissue Culture of Asparagus officinalis L. 2013, 29 (25):  93-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0205 Abstract + ( 923 )   PDF ( 693499KB )   ( 594 ) The reversion of vitrification of Asparagus officinalis L. during tissue culture was discussed. The influence factors on the reversion of vitrification were studied, including culture temperatures, culture illumination, concentration of sucrose and agar. The results showed that the percentage of the reversion of vitrification would be increased with decreasing temperature, the rate of reversion was 33.01%, when the culture temperature at 15℃. The rate of reversion would be increased obviously along with the increase of culture illumination, the rate would amount to 70.55%, under the intensity of 5200 lx culture illumination. With the increase of sucrose concentration, the recovery rate increased gradually, when the sucrose concentration was 50 g/L, the recovery rate increased to 48.20%. The rate of reversion increased with the agar concentration increasing, when the agar concentration was 9 g/L, the recovery rate was 38.18%. The culture illumination showed the best effect on the reversion of vitrication in the 4 factors. Moreover, the culture temperatures, the concentration of sucrose and agar showed some efficacious effects on the reversion of vitrication.

  Prediction of Potential Geographical Distribution of Cacopsylla chinensis Yang et Li in Yunnan Province 2013, 29 (25):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1170 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 739186KB )   ( 627 ) In order to grasp the potential distribution of the Cacopsylla chinensis in Yunnan Province, to provide reference for insect pest situation, early warning, the prevention and control of C. chinensis. Ecological niche modelling technique, Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), were used to predict potential distribution of Cacopsylla chinensis in Yunnan Province based on associations between known occurrence records and a set of environmental variables. The results showed that: the suitable areas for Cacopsylla chinensis were divided into 4 grades by different colors: black was for the highly suitable areas; the moderate suitable areas was dark grey; light grey was on half of the low suitable areas and white represented the unsuitable areas. The results were proved by ROC analytical method and the AUC value of MaxEnt were 0.995 and 0.997, which was greater than 0.5 of the stochastic AUC value and it meant that the prediction was highly dependable.

  Isolation, identification and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria of the Pathogenic Fungi in Chinese chestnut from Luotian County 2013, 29 (25):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0998 Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 950639KB )   ( 760 ) The pathogenic fungi isolated from the decayed and non-symptom seeds of Chinese chestnut in Luotian, Hubei, China, identified into 11 species by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic characteristics based on ITS rDNA sequences. The results showed that those pathogenic fungi were Rhizopus stolonifer、Fusarium solani、Stachybotrys chartarum、Cryphonectria parasitica、Lasiodiplodia theobromae、Penicillium expansum、Aspergillus niger、Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、Cryptococcus laurentii、Cryptococcus luteolus、Candida albicans; the isolating rates of Cryphonectria parasitica and Penicillium expansum were higer than other isolated pathogenic fungi. Tablet confrontation test of 6 antagonistic bacteria strains showed that pathogenic fungi of Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens had remarkable antimicrobial activities to pathogenic fungi isolated from Chinese chestnut, Pseudomonas fluorescens showed higher resistant to pathogenic fungi TIS4 and ITS6 than Pseudomonas syringae.

  Dyeing Features of the Browning Pigments Extracted from Chinese Chestnut Shells 2013, 29 (25):  108-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0997 Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 731102KB )   ( 563 ) Sampled with the pigments extracted from Chinese chestnut shell by alkali solution, compared with the standard caramel pigments，the characteristics of chestnut shell pigments were studied. The methods using spectrophotometer and color measurement were designed to determinate absorbance values, L values and a values. Chromaticity with protein and with starch and chromaticness and red index were focused for research. The result showed that dyeability of the chestnut shell pigment by alkali extraction with starch and protein was good，so was the stability of the pigment. Besides，lower chromacticness and higher red index of pigments in shell were shown and the chromaticness and red index of samples were increased with the value of pH.

  Effects of Foliage Applications of KH2PO4 on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Young Jujube Trees in Close Planting Orchard 2013, 29 (25):  112-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1041 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 1024333KB )   ( 1028 ) In order to reveal the effect of foliage applications of KH2PO4 on photosynthesis and chlorophyll content of jujube leaves in flowering and fruit setting period, a field experiment based on single factor randomized block design was carried out in close planting juvenile Junzao orchards in Tarim reclamation area of Xinjiang. There were 3 concentration levels, including 0.6%, 0.3% and 0% (CK) of KH2PO4. The results showed that: foliar spraying potash fertilizer could significantly improve the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), but different potassium levels did not change the diurnal variation rules of photosynthetic physiological parameters. During the flowering and fruit setting period of Junzao, the curve of diurnal variation of Pn was unimodal type without obvious ‘midday-depression’ phenomenon. The main reason for decline in Pn was different in a day, which was ‘stomatal factors’ in the morning before 14:00 and non-stomatal factors in noon after 14:00. Potassium could improve stomatal factors effect and reduce the stomatal limitation action. The diurnal variation of Gs and Tr both presented ‘M’ types which performed a good synergistic effect. Meanwhile, foliage K could promote positive correlation between Pn and Ls (stomatal limitation rate), and the same as Pn and WUEi (potential water use efficiency), but reduce the correlation between Pn and WUE (instantaneous water use efficiency). The suitable concentration for KH2PO4 foliage fertilizer was 0.6% within the test range.Keywords: foliar-fertilizer; photosynthetic rate; diurnal variation; chlorophyll; stomatal limitation; efficiency of water application

  Study on Different Type of Eastern Lily Bulb-lets Refrigeration Physiological Change and Activity 2013, 29 (25):  120-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0627 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 764106KB )   ( 556 ) Self-reproducing bulb-lets of eastern lily “Siberia” (perimeter 4-6cm) as materials, selected bulb-lets reproducted by meristem, bulbel, cuttage and test-tube, studied on refrigeration physiological changes and activity at 2 ±0.5℃. The results showed that: soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and nitrate reductase activity of different type of lily bulb-lets all had the bottom and jump height during the cold storage, bulb-lets reproduced by meristem, bulbel and cottage had the similar changes, physiological changes of test-tube bulb-lets were obviously lagging behind a period. Test-tube bulb-lets had high moisture content, water lossed quickly, and the respiratory intensity was high during the cold storage, out of the cold storage, the germination rate and vigor index of test-tube bulb-lets were lower than bulb-lets reproducted by meristem, bulbel and cuttage.

  Effect of ABA and PP333 on Frost Resistance of Cymbidium faberi Seedlings 2013, 29 (25):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0211 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 590274KB )   ( 642 ) In order to research the effect of ABA and PP333 on frost resistance of Cymbidium faberi seedlings, the effect of different concentrations of exogenous ABA and PP333 on cold physiological index of Cymbidium faberi ‘Dayipin’ seedlings were studied under the regime of day temperature (5±0.5)℃/night temperature(0±0.5)℃ by spraying on leaves. The results showed that: Both the exogenous substance treatments decreased the relative conductance rate and increased the contents of Pro, soluble sugars and the activity of POD. The treatment of 15 mg/L and 20 mg/L ABA had the best effect on increasing the frost resistance of Cymbidium faberi seedlings.

  Estimating genome size of medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by flow cytometry 2013, 29 (25):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0561 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 1300931KB )   ( 804 ) To discuss and optimize the methods of estimating nuclear DNA content of medicinal plants by flow cytometry (FCM), fresh leaves, younger leaves and dry leaves by silica were taken as samples and Otto’s buffer and LB01 buffer were used to estimate the C-value of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by FCM. The results showed that better results were easily and accurately gotten with relatively concentrated scatterplot, less debris, more simplicity to take gates and lower CV when using Otto’s buffer with two-steps method to extract, prepare and store under low temperature with the concentration of propidium iodide (PI) at 0.02 mg/mL , compared to that by using LB01 buffer. The results of different materials demonstrated that both fresh leaves and younger leaves could get better quality suspension of nuclei by Otto’s and generated a larger amount of nuclei and more concentrated particles in scatterplots, which would help take gates and estimate C-value more accurately. On the contrary, younger leaves would lead to a large number of centralized nuclei, which was unable to take gates and estimate C-value accurately. At last, S. baicalensis was taken as example to optimize the methods of estimating nuclear DNA content of medicinal plants, and the C-value of S. baicalensis was first estimated successfully as 1C= 0.58 pg, and the genome size was 562 Mbp by FCM. These results will thus provide theoretical basis for the research of recognizing the genetic background of species and changing disciplines of genome size in phylogeny and the genetic evaluation, conservation and development of medicinal plant resources of Scutellaria.

  Preliminary research on introduction and cultivation adaptability of Panax notoginseng （Burk.）F.H.Chen in Xishuangbanna. 2013, 29 (25):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0467 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 622443KB )   ( 620 ) Abstract: In order to explore the introduction and cultivation adaptability of Panax notoginseng (Burk.)F.H.Chen in Xishuangbanna. Literature review and field surveys were used to compare the climate characteristics between Xishuangbanna and Wenshan, the main cultivation region of Panax notoginseng; Different elevations were designed for seeding experiment, different shade degree treatments and soil texture types were designed for cultivating experiment of Panax notoginseng. Then we observed its seeding and cultivating result, including seedling emerged time, seedling emerged rate, survival number, we also observed its plant height of different years old plant,and biological characteristics and phenology period of two years old plant. The result showed that Xishuangbanna and Wenshan had a similar climate characteristics; Seeding result among the three elevation(Jinghong 582m, Yiwu 895m, Menghai 1215m )showed that the elevation of 1215min above sea level Menghai had the highest seedling emergence rate (90.89%), and the seedling grown healthy. The three shade degree (60%, 70%, 80%) treatment showed Panax notoginseng had dark green leaves and relatively healthy growth under a 80% shade degree treatment; The three soil texture types (clay, sandy loam, clay loam) tests showed Panax notoginseng had a higher survival rate on the sand loam, there was still 57.31% plants left in the end of September. The seedlings were transplanted from Wenshan to Menghai of Xishuangbanna in December 2010, it got into seedling emergence stage in early March 2011, growing stage from late march to April, bud stage from June to July, flowering stage in August, fruiting stage from September to November, all of the results showed Panax notoginseng had a similar phenophase in the two district. The two years old plant had a reproductive capacity, the fruiting rate was 19.29%, the seeding rate was 49.78%. Finaly, we got a conclude, that some areas in Xishuangbanna had a introduction and cultivation adaptability for Panax notoginseng. Specific requirements included as fowolls: the optimum elevation was below 1200m, the shade degree was not less than 80%, the suitable soil type was sandy loam.

  Primary Study on Biological Characteristics of Myeena osmundieola Lange 2013, 29 (25):  142-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1512 Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 491085KB )   ( 640 ) This experiment was aimed at studying the biological characteristics of Myeena osmundieola Lange.We set different conditions of temperature,light,pH and nutrient to observe the growth situation of Myeena osmundieola Lange’s mycelium.The results showed that :mycelium couldn’t grow at 5℃ and above 35℃,and grew slowly between 10℃ and 15℃ and at 30℃.The optimum temperature was between 20℃ and 25℃. Illumination has no effect on the growth of the mycelium.There was a wide range pH for its growth,from 4.5 to10.5,and the optiumum pH was about 4.5.Under the conditions of neutral and partial acid the mycelium’s growth situation was much better than alkaline condition.The effects of different carton source on the growth of mycelium showed that it grew fast on the PDA，and glycin as nitrogen in all for mycelium growth was the best.

  The Effects of Fertilization and Plant Density on Fiber Yield and Quality of Ramie 2013, 29 (25):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0081 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 529025KB )   ( 621 ) New ramie variety 0501 was used in this research, in order to exploring the comprehensive technology for high yield and good quality. Orthogonal rotated combination design was used to study the effects of fertilization and density in ramie’s fiber fineness. The optimized mathematical model of fiber fineness and the management measure for ramie variety 0501: Y2=2071.17-41.43X1+28.32X2+88.81X3-67.48X12+52.91X32, the highest yield will reach 5722.6 kg/hm2. When nitrogenous fertilizer was 978.3 kg/hm2, manure fertilizer was 3006.9 kg/hm2, potash fertilizer was 1666.6 kg/hm2, plant density was 24885 strain/hm2, the fiber fineness was higher than 2417.84 Nm.

  Different Varieties Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2013, 29 (25):  151-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0452 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 505904KB )   ( 617 ) In order to study the effects of different organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, Field experiment combined with laboratory analysis was employed in this study,We carry out the tests in the same organic nitrogen amount conditions (accounts for 20% of the total nitrogen). The results show that: (1) organic fertilizer can improve the proportion of superior tobacco leaves, improve tobacco yield and value (except soil manure), the yield was increased49.7~219kg/hm2, the value was increased 890.2~3081.1元/hm2. (2) organic fertilizer can make its chemical composition tend to be more harmonious, improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco. (3) in the five of the organic fertilizer, the effection of oil and straw is good.

  A Preliminary Report on the Study of the Water Culture Technology of Guangxi’ Potato 2013, 29 (25):  156-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0116 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 491655KB )   ( 678 ) In order to solve the problems of the virus-free seed potato of Guangxi Province, the breeder’s seeds of Feiwuruita were used of the experiment. In this experiment, the potato seedlings were treated and cultivated in water by different density and different times of NAA、IBA、GGR and NAA 16 mg/L+ IBA 50 mg/L+ GA3 35 mg/L, observed the morphologica of the seeding. Results: In the hormone of NAA, the rooting rate was 100% immersed with 16 mg/L NAA for 20s, which was higher than CK (83%). The rooting rate was 100% immersed with 50 mg/L IBA for 30 min, which all the characters were better performance and was higher than CK (86%). In the hormone of GGR, the rooting rate was 98% immersed with 200mg/L GGR for 30min, which was higher than CK(87%), and the rooting rate was 98% disposed by three hormones, were immersed in 16 mg/L NAA, 50 mg/L IBA and 35 mg/L GA3 for 30min, which was higher than CK(87%). Conclusion: The results show that the optimum concentrations of IBA to water cultivation were 50 mg/L and 30 min intruded into solution, which started rooting six days later with healthy roots, and the rooting rate was 100%.

  Effects of different treatments of fertilizer on yield, quality and nutrition absorption in plateau summer broccoli 2013, 29 (25):  161-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0214 Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 739438KB )   ( 646 ) This research was aimed to study the effects of different treatments of fertilizer on yield, quality, nutrition absorption in plateau summer broccoli, for develop a reasonable fertilization scheme and provide a theoretical basis for high quality and efficiency production of plateau summer broccoli of Hexi area of Gansu Province. The field experiments showed that the key factor affecting yield was nitrogen, the yield, tight degree and chlorophyll content of high nitrogen treatment was more than low nitrogen treatment’s. The nitrate content was improved while soluble sugar content was declined because of the high nitrogen treatment, the higher ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus and the shortage of potassium. The Vc content of curd was dropped for too high or too low fertilizer amount. Broccoli absorbed potassium most, followed by nitrogen, and phosphorus at least. Correlation analysis revealed that the yield and chlorophyll content of curd were significantly correlated with N, K content in plant, the soluble sugar and Vc content of curd were significantly correlated with P in plant, which indicated adequate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition were important to the improvement of yield and quality in broccoli. Reasonable matching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can control the absorption and distribution of broccoli’s main mineral nutrient, facilitate the accumulation of nutrition about leaves and curd, and improve yield and quality of curd.

  Effect of Sodium Nitrophenolate, DA -6 and NAA on the Eggplant Yield and Quality 2013, 29 (25):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1474 Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 538982KB )   ( 1716 ) For the study of different plant growth regulators on the yield and quality of eggplant, in this study, the eggplant was added to three different kinds and concentrations of plant growth regulating agent included sodium nitrophenolate, DA-6 and NAA and irrigated with the nutrient solution. Measured on the ground and below-ground growth indicators, yield as well as quality, when the eggplant grown in the greenhouse to maturity. The results showed that 0.02% sodium nitrophenolate could promote the plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll content and root length. 0.01% DA-6 could promote plant biomass, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, root dry weight and fruit production, the compound of 0.02% sodium nitrophenolate and 0.02%sodium alpha-naphthalene acetic acid could improve the content of fruit yield 36.9% and the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar, over sized fibers and crude protein 33.35%, 23.4%, 42.12% and 29.5% respectively compared with the control..

  Effects of Bio-pesticide Wuyiencin on Controlling Tomato Gray Mould in Perotected Field 2013, 29 (25):  173-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0575 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 659110KB )   ( 937 ) To study the effect of the bio-pesticide Wuyiencin on controlling tomato gray mould, toxicity experiments, pot tests and field trials were conducted. Toxicity experiments showed that Wuyiencin could strongly inhibit the mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea, with an EC50 value of 10.0802μg/mL. Wuyiencin exhibited good protective effect and therapeutic effect against tomato gray mould in pot test, and the protective effect was prior to the therapeutic effect. At the same time Wuyiencin had a long persistence effect against Botrytis cinerea on tomato . In the field trials, the control effect of 100-fold dilution of 2% Wuyiencin AS was 83.93% 15 days after the third treatment. Besides, the effects of Wuyiencin on tomato fruit quality were studied. The results showed that content of soluble solids, vitamin C and soluble sugar were increased to some extent except titratable acid. In conclusion, 2% Wuyiencin exhibited excellent control efficacy against tomato gray mould and could improve tomato fruit quality, which could provide scientific basis for the reasonable application of bio-pesticide on tomato production.

  Effects of Bagging Treatments on Fruit Quality and Coloration of ‘Yueping’ Apple Variety 2013, 29 (25):  179-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0255 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 568137KB )   ( 728 ) The changes of fruit peel pigment after bag removal and the suitable bags of the ‘Yueping’ apple fruit were studied in order to determine suitably time of harvest after bag removal. Setting for the 3 treatments of bagging, the content of different treatments of inner substances, sugars, acids and fruit peel pigments were tested with ‘Yueping’ apple as material. The results indicated that the paper bags increased the content of ‘Yueping’ fruit firmness 7.7% and the peel anthocyanin 30.9%, promoted fruit coloring, improved fruit appearance quality, but decreased the relish of ‘Yueping’ fruit and reduced fructose 14.2%, sucrose 59.7%, and total sugar 19.2%. The plastic film bags reduced the content of ‘Yueping’ fruit hardness 6.1%、10.0% and the peel anthocyanin 36.4%、35.3%; The plastic film bags removing treatment improved the content of fruit fructose 11.6% and total sugar 6.8%; at the same time to determine the best time of ‘Yueping’ fruit harvest after bag removal were 9-11 days.

  Optimization of Extraction Process for Triterpenoids from the Roots of Radix Actinidiae Chinensis 2013, 29 (25):  184-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0082 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 711541KB )   ( 619 ) 【Objective】The study was aimed to optimize the extraction of the triterpenoids from the roots of Radix Actinidiae Chinensis and obtain the optimal extraction process. 【Methods】 The effect of extraction temperature, ethanol concentration (volume percent), extraction time, material-to-liquid ratio and the number of extraction times on the yield of triterpenoids is investigated through single factor tests and orthogonal tests. 【Results】The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction temperature of 80℃, ethano concentration of 65%, extraction time of 1.5 h, material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) and the number of extraction times was one time. Under the optimized extraction conditions, 6.7517% of the extraction yield of triterpenoids from Radix Actinidiae Chinensis was achieved. 【Conclusion】This optimized extraction process is simple, feasible and has a very good reference value.

  Effects of Formulary Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Loquat 2013, 29 (25):  190-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0370 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 487439KB )   ( 569 ) This experiment was conducted to analysis effects of Formulary Fertilization on the yield and quality of Loquat as Jiefangzhong loquat variety material, The results showed that the formula fertilizer 1 ( treatment 1) yield increased by 22.24% than conventional fertilization,and reached significant level, Single fruit weight increased 13.0g,soluble solid matter increased 0.4%, loquat fruit titratable acidity decreased by 0.10%;Comprared with no fertilizer treatment ,formula fertilizer 3 ( treatment 3) significantly improved new pumping shoot length and roughness; Compared with CK, it significantly improved single fruit weight, soluble solid matter and reduced titratable acidity, The effect of Improving loquat fruit’s quality was the best.

  The Research of Applying High Efficient Cellulolytic Bacteria in Banana Sstalks Composting 2013, 29 (25):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1097 Abstract + ( 886 )   PDF ( 645273KB )   ( 778 ) In order to increase the utilization rate of waste banana stalks, the research applied banana stalks as compost feedstock and cellulolytic bacteria as an inoculum under simulated industrial manufacturing circumstances. The effects on the temperature alteration, organic matters decomposition, microorganism number, and coarse fibers degradation were studied. The result indicated that the cellulolytic bacteria not only raised the temperature of compost and prolonged the high temperature phase, but also facilitated the decomposition of organic matters in composting, rendering 33.71% decline of organic content. The inoculum of cellulolytic bacteria could quickly increase the total number of microorganism in early compost and improve the diversity of bacterial community, therefore accelerating the overall composting process. The total degradation rate of coarse fibers reached 33.69% when inoculated with cellulolytic bacteria, which was a 15.58% increase compared to control sample.

  Effects of Heavy Metals Copper Pollution on Seed Germination and Seddlings Growth of Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf 2013, 29 (25):  199-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3362 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 792683KB )   ( 547 ) To explore the application of Sorghum sudanensei (Piper) Stapf on vegetation restoration in heavy metals Cu contaminated soil, the seeds were as the materials to research the effects of different copper (Cu) concentrations on seed germination and seedlings growth. The results showed that: the treatments with low 10 mg/L Cu treatments had significant promoting effect on the germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index and 5 mm coleoptile length, and inhibition effect with increasing Cu concentrations. There was a stronger inhibitory effect of seedling height, root length, fresh and dry weight to Cu concentrations. Aerial part of Sorghum sudanense. Seedling height was more sensitive than root length to Cu. Heavy metals Cu Sorghum sudanense seed germination and seedling growth inhibitory effect on vegetation should be measured to determine the amount of planting and seed after the soil Cu content.

  Genetic Diversity and Correlation of Seed Characters in Watermelon Germplasm 2013, 29 (25):  205-208.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1024 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 468300KB )   ( 789 ) The genetic diversity and correlations of eleven characters in 102 watermelon germplasm were assessed.The results of genetic diversity showed that: The high genetic diversity were detected on all of the characters in Fruit weitht,Seed per fruit,1000-seed weight,Seed thickness,Seed length,Seed width,Seed ratio,Ground colour of seed, Shape of seed surface, Over colour of seed surface, Smoothness of seed surface. The diversity index ranged from 0.69～2.05, most of Ground colour of seed in tested materials were gray yellow and most of Smoothness of seed surface in tested materials were smoth;The result of Correlation showed that: Fruit weitht was significantly and positively correlated with Seed per fruit Seed length, Fruit weitht and Seed width(?＜0.05). Seed per fruit was significantly and negatively correlated with Seed thickness(?＜0.01). 1000-seed weight was significantly and positively correlated with Seed thickness,Seed length and Seed width(?＜0.05).

  Rural Tourism Planning and Design of Baimao Village in Baiyun District, Guiyang City 2013, 29 (25):  209-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1397 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 1750736KB )   ( 585 ) The aim of this study was to form the dominant of agriculture industry, and creating a beautiful rurality by well design, scientific planning, explore actively folk custom and farming culture, combined with abundant agricultural resources and beautiful natural environment of baimao villag in baiyun district, guiyang city. Six functional areas was planned, including national ecological tourism area, fruit-picking tourism area, vegetable industry tourism area, agriculture high-tech demonstration area, rare birds breeding area, leisure resort area, folk custom and farming culture center. Baimao villag would establish urban modern agriculture provided with picking tourism, amusement, agriculture high-tech demonstration, agricultural experience, popular science education by building landscape, development of various types of tourism, combined with the theme of different area. Which would provide development model for the building of new socialist countryside in guiyang city.

  A Study on Citizen’s Preference for Waterscape Design in Urban Open Spaces 2013, 29 (25):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1388 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 704646KB )   ( 698 ) With regard to the problems of waterscape design in urban open spaces, this study is conducted from the citizens’ perspectives, questionnaire survey method and action observation method have been adopted to investigate people of different genders, ages, education levels, and occupations to look into their preference for three kinds of waterscape designs such as community parks, commercial squares, and residential areas in urban open spaces. The results indicated that people’s preference for the aesthetic features, forms, and movement patterns of water, and the relationship between humankind and water had direct relation with people’s overall characteristics and visit purposes. The experience design and culture thematic designs of water served to broaden the appeal of waterscape designs in urban open spaces and to strengthen people’s senses of belonging.