Abstract: Based on the comparison of distribution and characteristics of the soil microbial in different plant communities of Karst area, the author studied the number of the soil microbial and feature of respiration intensity, in order to provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis about the soil microbial whether it helps plant community in Karst area. By the field investigation and laboratory analysis methods, the author researched the characteristics and distribution of the soil microbial of Pinus armandii secondary forest, Pinus armandii woodland, bush wood and abandoned land in central Yunnan. The results showed that: along with the accumulation of community restoration, the content of nutrients and microorganisms’ number in soils was increasing. And it was different to proportion of the total number about 3 main types of microorganisms. Besides microbial respiration was the strongest influence on the whole soil respiration, it affected the carbonate Karst erosion rate, and affected the restoration process of plant communities in Karst areas.