Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.26 Published:15 September 2013

  23

  A Comparative Study on Drought Resistance of Different Alfalfa Varieties and New Strain Alfalfa of ‘Zaxuan No.1’ 2013, 29 (26):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0643 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 546245KB )   ( 554 ) In order to elucidate the drought resistance of new strain alfalfa of ‘Zaxuan No.1’, the relative content of different varieties of alfalfa leaf angle, the relative content of chlorophyll(SPAD), relative permeability of cell membrane, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), proline content and water saturation deficit (WSD) were determined in this paper. Based on clustering analytical method, the drought resistances of different alfalfa varieties were carried out. The experiment results showed that drought-resistance of alfalfa varieties order were new strain alfalfa of ‘Zaxuan No.1’> ‘Juren’> ‘Longzhong’> ‘Zhonglan No.1’> ‘Duputi’> ‘Tumu’ > ‘Aiji’.

  Effect of Nutrition Formula on the Growth of Rana spinosa Tadpoles 2013, 29 (26):  5-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1794 Abstract + ( 972 )   PDF ( 483599KB )   ( 585 ) In order to investigate the effect of nutrition formula on the growth of Rana spinosa tadpole, 4 forage formulae with different concentrations of proteins were used separately to breed 10-day-old tadpoles. And then, the body length, weight and metamorphism ratio of tadpoles were compared among the 4 treatments. The results showed that the formula B containing the highest concentration of animal-originated protein best fit for the growth of R. spinosa. The tadpoles in formula B treatment were with average body length of 70.65 mm and body weight of 3.10 g at 70-day-old, which were significant higher than the other three treatments (P<0.05). The average metamorphism ratio of formula B treatment was 95.50%, when the tadpoles were 85-day-old. Formula A (containing similar contents of animal-originated and plant-originated proteins) had less effect on metamorphosis of R. spinosa than formula B, with average metamorphism rate of 90.00% at 90-day-old tadpoles. However, the growths of R. spinosa tadpoles were obviously inhibited when feeding with formula C and D based on plant-originated proteins; none of metamorphosis was observed until tadpoles were old as 100 days. It might be concluded that the forage containing high-content animal-originated protein were beneficial for the growth and metamorphosis of R. spinosa tadpoles.

  The Expression of Maternal Imprinting Gene in the Bovine Early Stage Embryos 2013, 29 (26):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0185 Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 593780KB )   ( 1104 ) In order to detect the expression profiles of the maternal imprinted genes Magel2, Sgce and SNRPN in the earlier bovine embryos, as well as preliminary determine the stage from which the imprinting start. In this study, the expression profiles of three maternal imprinted genes were detected between bovine Parthenogenetic Activation (PA) and in vitro Fertilization (IVF) embryos by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression patterns of the three genes were significantly different between IVF and PA embryos. Magel2 was expressed from 2 to blastocyst in bovine IVF embryos, while no detectable transcripts were observed in PA embryos. Sgce was expressed from 2 to blastocyst in bovine IVF embryos, while 2 to 4 cell stage in PA embryos. In bovine IVF embryos SNRPN transcripts could be detected from 2 to blastocyst stage, but it was only detected in 2-4 cell stage PA embryo.SNRPN expression could be detected in bovine IVF embryos from 2 cell to blastocyst stages, meanwhile it was only detected in PA 2 cell and blastocyst stage embryos. The results showed that maternal imprint genes Magel2, Sgce and SNRPN may might exert important roles on bovine early embryonic development.

  Study on Isolation, Identification and Cultivate Characteristics for Chicken Infectious Bursal Disease Virus 2013, 29 (26):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0123 Abstract + ( 912 )   PDF ( 853411KB )   ( 817 ) To study the cultivate characteristics in different host, An IBDV strain was selected preliminary with Agar diffusion test, which collected from a chicken farm suspected infection with infectious bursal disease virus in Henan Province. The strain were infected susceptibility chicken, SPF chicken and DF1 cells. The results showed that, there were positive precipitation line in AGID; This strain could cause SPF chickens (morbidity with 100% and mortality with 60%) bursal swelling, bleeding, and even purple grape-like were showded; cause chick embryo CAM thickening, chicken embryos bleeding, cause the DF1 cells round off, the ELD50 and TCID50 was respectively 10-4.6/0.1 mL and 10-5.5/0.1 mL. The results confirmed that the isolated IBDV stain belongs to vvIBDV, it could replicate in chicken embryo and cell. It was named HN12.

  Establishment of Two-dimensional Electrophoresis for Proteme of Liver from Muscovy Duck Experimentally Infected with Norvel Duck Reovirus 2013, 29 (26):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1350 Abstract + ( 886 )   PDF ( 1317740KB )   ( 579 ) The aim was to establish an efficient Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis (2-DE) ptotocol for proteomic method of livers from muscovy ducks which were experimentally infected with Norvel Duck Reovirus (NDRV). The conditions which included the reagent of Lysis buffer, amount of loaded protein and parameters of Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) were compared and optimized. The pathological changes in livers were simultaneously observed. The results showed that the livers with characteristic pathology were chosen to be the samples, which were from muscovy ducks at the fifth day after inoculated with NDRV. The high-resolution and good-repeatability 2-DE images were obtained with 1100 μg of liver protein samples which were extracted by Lysis-buffer, purified by 2D clean-up kit, separated by 2-DE under suitable electrophoresis parameters, and stained with colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 solution. Analyzed with the software PDQest 8.0, 26 differentially expressed proteins spots were detected between the NDRV-NP03 infected group and the mock-infected group, of which the expression levels were more than 3 times in expression level. The established 2-DE method would pave the way for the further study on the host cell protein and differential proteomic analysis of waterfowl reovirus.

  Study on Thiamphenicol Residue in Common Carp and Crucian Carp 2013, 29 (26):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0115 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 663552KB )   ( 623 ) This experiment was conducted to study the elimination of Thiamphenicol (TAP) residue in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (carassius auratus), preparing for the determination of the withdrawal time. After oral administration of TAP with a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight per day for 3 days, the fish was sampled at certain time. Quantitative analysis was performed with external standard method and TAP concentrations in tissues were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that the linear relationship of TAP was nice (r2=0.9987) in 0.1 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL concentration range and the recovery ranged from 81.33% to 109.72%. The detection indicated that the residues of TAP in common carp and crucian carp had a down trend. At the 25th day, the residue started to below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of China and EU. It was proposed that the withdrawal time should be 25 days after administration.

  Effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine on rate of body weight-gain, death rate and biochemical index of Hucho taimen 2013, 29 (26):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3596 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 599446KB )   ( 440 ) In order to examine the rate of Chinese herbal medicine on rate of body weight-gain,death rate,biochemical indicator of blood,and provide reference data for the development, so we added 5 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine in the feed of 1+ age Hucho taimen. There were 30 individuals in each group including experiment groups and a control group, and each had a parallel group, fed diets contained different Chinese herbal medicine or not at rate of 2.0% according to body weight. When the feeding experiment finished, body weight and death rate were counted and the samples were adopted for determining biochemical indexes. The results showed that Glycyrrhiza had better effects on growth, but the effects of Poria cocos were opposite. Except Cyrtomium fortuneian and Poria cocos group, the other groups were no death. The total bilirubin in Cyrtomium fortunei had obvious rise; in licorice low dose group and the Astragalus high dose group, urea nitrogen in serum was obvious rise; remaining several biochemical indicators and controlled group compared to no obvious changes. The experiment results showed that, in different Chinese herbal medicine in feed on blood biochemical indexes of Hucho taimen changes were closely related to types of drug and dosage.

  Current Situation and Countermeasure of Development of Huangshan White Tea Industry in Shexian County, Anhui Province 2013, 29 (26):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3234 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 596777KB )   ( 535 ) Huangshan white tea, also known as Huizhou white tea, is a new variant of the species of Huangshan tea plants. The pathway of chlorophyll biosynthesis was restrained by the influence of genetic factors and environmental impact, which led to the decrease of chlorophyll content in tea leaf, then the color of bud and leaf tended to white or yellowish-white. As a characteristic agriculture industry of Shexian county, Huangshan white tea industry had active and important impacts on supporting the development of rural economy, increasing the income of peasants and so on. In this paper, the author reviewed the development history of Huangshan white tea industry, introduced the advantages, and analyzed the current situation and development problems in Shexian county. Finally some thoughts and countermeasures of industrial development were proposed, which includes four major aspects, such as building three bases, setting up consciousness for top quality brand, establishing industry culture, and developing white tea industry in a rational way.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Modern Agriculture in ChongQing Based on AHP 2013, 29 (26):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3884 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 620282KB )   ( 469 ) In order to make clear the modern agricultural development level in Chongqing, used the statistical data in 2011 of Chongqing and come to the conclusion that the comprehensive score of the modern agricultural development level in Chongqing was 59.56. The score was reached by using standard value to standardize the data and using the AHP to calculate the weight. The result showed that modern agricultural in Chongqing was in the initial stage of implementation and Chongqing has already owned good conditions for the agricultural modernization. The author also put forward countermeasures and suggestions to accelerate the development of modern agriculture in Chongqing.

  An Analysis on Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Services 2013, 29 (26):  47-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3777 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 447230KB )   ( 470 ) Since the new century the three agricultural work attracted national attention, new requirements were put forward about modern agriculture development. We pointed out the important significance of agricultural science and technology service and compared similar research achievements.This paper also analyzed the recent situation of Jiangsu agricultural science and technology services. Existing problems were proposed on institutions, personnel, service capacity, service performance, and some suggestions were presented. Such as integrating mechanism, personnel training, creating the service mode, expanding the scope of services and the policy financial guarantee. The study had a strong reference value in the development of China's science and technology service and contributed to the reconstruction of China's modern agricultural science and technology service system, it also improved the overall strength of agricultural science and technology services.

  Countermeasures and Suggestions of Regional Public Brand Building of Agricultural Products in Hangzhou 2013, 29 (26):  51-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2311 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 411632KB )   ( 587 ) Regional public brand building of agricultural products is a kind of effective way to optimize and adjust agricultural structure, and to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products and market competitiveness. The regional public brand building in Hangzhou has achieved some success, but also showed many deficiencies. The situation of regional public brand building in Hangzhou was analyzed in this article, and the problems were summarized. Many countermeasures and suggestions were also promoted as the references of modern agriculture development in Hangzhou.

  The Benefit Assessment of Land Consolidation Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ——Case of 26 Villages in Chongqing 2013, 29 (26):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3304 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 674088KB )   ( 633 ) Chongqing’ terrain condition-low hill and mountains-is obviously limited to rural-land use. Land consolidation project can not only develop the quality of arable land, but improve farmers’ living conditions and environment. On one hand, Land consolidation is to rebuild or reclaim the idle settlements in order to guide farmers centralized living; on the other hand, it is to comprehensively manage the farmland, water, roads, forests and villages. To improve the quality of regulation and evaluation methods, this paper applies for the methods of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy synthetic evaluation to assess the benefits after land consolidation based on the investigation of 26 typical villages in Chongqing. Conclusions of this study could be list as follows: the comprehensive benefit of land consolidation in assessed area was good. Economic benefit was good, and social benefit was excellent, while ecological benefit was fair. It must need to develop ecological benefit at the same time of developing economic benefit and social benefit, so that could develop the comprehensive benefit. Suggestions: pays more attention to ecological environment protection and its planning in the rural-land use, and then it can have a harmonious development among economy, society and ecology, adapt to the local condition, make scientific planning, and arouse farmers’ enthusiasm adequately to take part in the land consolidation, strengthen the research on prediction and evaluation of land consolidation effectiveness, and improve the management system of land consolidation.

  The Sustainable Utilization Situation Research of Agricultural Land in Fujian Based on the Emergy Analysis 2013, 29 (26):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4139 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 595657KB )   ( 499 ) In order to analyze the sustainable utilization of the cropland in Fujian in the recent ten years, this study used the ability of value analysis of regional agriculture ecosystem sustainable development evaluation index as the theoretical basis, and put the agricultural land system storage and flow of different kinds of energy into the same standard could value to calculate Fujian agricultural land value input-output ratio, industrial emergy input and output ratio of agricultural land, environmental load index, sustainable land use index five agricultural land sustainable utilization situation index value, and by using the above five index of Fujian province this ten years the sustainability of agricultural land for decision. The results show that Fujian agricultural land could always value input-output ratio changes obviously and a trend of declining, compared with other regions, value utilization of the farmland in Fujian was relative taller. Industrial emergy input and output was more than numerical year after decreasing, and the decline of agricultural land for industrial emergy input the reliance was more and more high. Environmental load index was rising volatility, the pressure on the environment of agricultural ground was more and more heavy. The result comprehensive showed that, agricultural land development degree was more and more big, the sustainability and stability of cropland system would be descended.

  Advances in Researches on Assets Management of Rural Land Housing 2013, 29 (26):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4086 Abstract + ( 926 )   PDF ( 527496KB )   ( 561 ) Abstract: With the advancement of urbanization progress, rural land circulation often happens in daily life, but the problem of the rural land housing’ assets management is gradually outstanding. Due to its necessity, its outstanding problems, and its new model of rural land housing’ assets management, this paper employs the methods of literature consultation and contrastive analysis to review the literature’s results, and make out the problems in the existed studies, as well as look forward to the direction and the core task in the future. The results have shown that it should make the trader more obviously, create the mechanism of benefit distribution and assets assessment, and breed rural land housing assets market in order to enhance the management of rural land housing assets.

  Study on Realistic Potential of Land Consolidation in Rural Residential AreasBased on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method 2013, 29 (26):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0814 Abstract + ( 849 )   PDF ( 622587KB )   ( 565 ) In order to assess the potential of rural residential consolidation effectively and guide the process as well, the author took the rural residential consolidation in Yitong County as the study object, and selected 14 impact indexes involved from the natural, social and economic conditions based on the common factors that affected the rural residential consolidation and used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of each index, then the evaluation coefficients of the system were obtained. And the author used it to calculate the realistic potential of rural residential consolidation. The results showed that: (1) after consolidation, the realistic potential of land consolidation in rural residential areas of Yitong County would be 3031.10 hm2 and the coefficient of increasing arable land would be 25.02% until 2015; (2) the evaluation coefficients of rural residential consolidation in Yitong County lied between 0.19-0.61. The maximum appears in Yingchengzi Town and the minimum appeared in Xinxing Township; (3) the sequence of consolidation was in consideration between the realistic potential and the coefficient of increasing arable land. Towns of higher potential and larger coefficient were in preference to the others.

  Research on Technology of Activated Carbon Preparation by Microwave Pyrolysis of Rice Hull 2013, 29 (26):  78-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3427 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 5412447KB )   ( 602 ) To promote biomass industry chain, and to develop biomass energy, so it can be fully effective use of forestry organic wastes. Rice hull carbon which is produced by microwave pyrolysis, this topic used it to produce high quality rice hull activation carbon through chemical activation method. Choose Alkali fusion (NaOH) to remove SiO2 in the rice hull carbon, and solid carbon by chemical activation method to prepare high-quality activated carbon. Select activator quality ratio, dipping time, activation temperature activation temperature and activation time as effective factors, each factor has 3 levels, the process condition of producing activation carbon is optimized through orthogonal test. Iodine adsorption value is the foremost measurable indicators of quality. Determine the best activation conditions through single factor and orthogonal experiment .The best activation conditions indicated are as follows: activator-NaOH, carbon alkali ratio was 1:2, dipping time was 24 h, the activation temperature was 700℃, activation time was 2 h. According to the mensuration, rice hull activated carbon iodine adsorption value was 965.22 mg/g, and it exceeded the water purification using activated carbon National Second Grade indicators. Methylene blue adsorption value was 148.50 mg/g, and it reached the water purification using activated carbon National First Grade indicators.

  Carbon Stock and Cycling of Wetland Ecosystem 2013, 29 (26):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0852 Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 502104KB )   ( 804 ) Wetland ecosystem is one of three important ecosystem-types on the earth. To understand well the organic carbon accumulation mechanism and its cycling characteristics is the very basis and one of the most crucial research contents of global carbon cycling and global climate change. Some researches show that wetland ecosystem protection and restoration are helpful to carbon accumulation and greenhouse gases reduction, which to some extent can mitigate the negative effects of climate change. The paper put its emphasis on several closely interrelated issues, including wetland carbon stock, carbon balance and the effects of greenhouse gases emission, the relations between wetland ecosystem and global climate change, as well as an outlook of carbon cycle of the Dongting Lake wetland ecosystem.

  The Study of Water Quality Evaluation and Pollutants’ Space Distribution of Mingcui Lake Wetland in Yinchuan City Zhong Yan-xia 2013, 29 (26):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3990 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 1039606KB )   ( 481 ) In order to avoid single point analysis for water quality of lakes, improve the accuracy of lake water quality analysis, in order to identify the characteristics of the spatial distribution of water quality in lakes, carrying out multiple comprehensive assessment of water quality by standard water quality analysis detection method in Mingcui Lake, Yinchuan, and using GIS spatial analysis methods of inverse distance weighted method to study the spatial distribution pollutants. The results showed that: there were some differences in different areas of comprehensive evaluation of water quality of lakes internal results, analysis of the single point water quality results were not enough to reflect the overall water quality condition of lakes, and spatial distribution of pollutants displayed effect on water quality change of BOD5, CODcr, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen spatial distribution more difference, indicated the direction of comprehensive management of spatial distribution of the results for lake water quality. Therefore, water quality analysis of natural lakes should further develop multi-point comprehensive evaluation and spatial distribution of pollutants.

  Review on Measurements of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Retention in Riverine Ecosystem 2013, 29 (26):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3553 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 639009KB )   ( 610 ) In order to study the retention rates of nitrogen and phosphorus during river transportation, this article reviewed the methodologies for estimating retention of those two nutrients. The results showed that: mass balance method, empirical models and isotope technology were often used for study the nitrogen and phosphorus retention in riverine ecosystem. However, some defects were still existed in the present studies, such as parameters in empirical models were always not suitable for various rivers, results estimated by empirical models exhibited the bigger errors, multiple isotope technology was rarely used, though those methods were widely used. Thus establishing more accruable models that integrating various environmental factors into consideration, and reducing the effects on δ value of isotope by biogeochemical processes would be the important researching field.

  The Study on Functional Verification of the Speed Corruption Completing Agents in Straw Compost and the Microbial Flora Dynamic in the Northeast China 2013, 29 (26):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3392 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 815029KB )   ( 423 ) In order to solve the problem of surplus corn stalks in the northeast region, this study used the straw speed rot agents prepared in laboratory for composting, and studied for the dynamic change of microbial flora and effective elements during composting process. This study sampled the samples with the method of timeshare and place share during the 40 d compost, recorded the change of temperature and pH, retained the samples with the method of quartering. Then, this study detected the dynamic change of the microbial flora and effective elements by plate notation and chemical methods. The results showed that: the pH and temperature changes of the experimental group, which was applied with mixed inoculants, could accelerate the straw decomposition and could significantly improve the number of microorganisms. The numbers of microorganisms in experimental group and CK2 group were higher than CK1 for one order magnitude, while the experimental group was higher than CK2 group for 30%. A lot of the propagation of microorganisms could significantly promote composting. Compost valid element content in the early, middle and late had significant changes in the accumulation of a large number of effective elements in the composting process. The group inoculated microorganisms composite agents could effectively promote the speed of straw humiliation, and enable the effective elements accumulated massively.

  Estimation for Carbon Emission from the Open Burning of Crop Straw in Shanxi Province 2013, 29 (26):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1175 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 718981KB )   ( 671 ) As an important kind of primary pollution source, crop straw burning contribute much pollutant into the atmosphere, thus play significant roles in regional air pollution, and severely affect climate and human health. Based on date of crop yield from 2000 to 2010 in Shanxi, the major grain crop straw output were calculated according to the ratio of residue/grain. The proportion and the amount of open burning of crop straw were quantitatively analyzed. Then the total amount of CO and CO2 emission were estimated according to the emission factors and the spatial distribution of the carbon emissions in different counties of Shanxi Province was showed using GIS. The results showed that the average emission amount of CO and CO2 from the open burning of crop straw were 205.6×103 t and 5611.8×103 t per year respectively in recent 10 years. Corn straw burning had greater impact on the carbon emission of farmland than that of other crops. The average of total carbon emission from the open burning of crop straw was 164.05×104 t per year, and the total carbon emission increased gradually every year and reached a peak in 2010. In addition, it revealed that the distribution of carbon emission from the opening burning of crop straw was consistent with natural factors such as terrain, temperature and precipitation, and economic and social factors. This paper could provide advices on the controlling and reducing emission of agricultural greenhouse gases.

  Effects of Anthropogenic Energy Input on Net Primary Productivity of Farmland Ecosystems——A Case Study of Southwest Shandong Province 2013, 29 (26):  124-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1994 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 1705196KB )   ( 486 ) In order to determine the impact factors on the carbon sequestration of farmland ecosystems, the status of anthropogenic energy input was analyzed and their effects on net primary productivity of farmland ecosystems were studied with the methods of regression and stepwise regression based on the statistical data of the year 2000 to 2006 of Shandong Province. The results indicated that: the amount of agricultural film input into farmland ecosystem increased from 14.6 kg/hm2 to 20.5 kg/hm2 in 2000-2006; fertilizers input kept stable relatively (1200-1300 kg/hm2), whereas the total fertilizers increased; pesticides input was ascend in first and descend at last, reaching the highest (11.03 kg/hm2) in 2004; the input of drainage and irrigation machinery and agricultural vehicles increased continuously; labor input per unit area declined about 0.65 person/hm2 in 2006, comparing with 2000. The higher average NPP were found in the east part of this area, Zaozhuang 616 g C/(m2?a) and Jining 588 g C/(m2?a) compared to the west part (Heze) averaged at 448 g C/(m2?a). The trend of NPP fluctuated but generally ascended. NPP of farmland ecosystems was mainly affected by anthropogenic energy input, other than climate factors (temperature and precipitation). The stepwise regression selected the optimum model including total fertilizers, agricultural film per unit area and irrigation ratio. This model could account for 74.6% of the region farmland NPP variance, including fertilizers use per unit for 48.4%, agricultural film per unit and irrigation ratio for 14.6% and 11.6%, respectively. Therefore, the anthropogenic energy input such as fertilizers, agricultural film and effective irrigation ratio are the main factor for NPP improvement in this area.

  Remediation of Different Soil Amendments on Soil Combined Pollution with Cadmium, Arsenic and PAHs in A Sewage Irrigation Area 2013, 29 (26):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1282 Abstract + ( 934 )   To explore the remediation effects of different soil amendments on soil combined pollution in a sewage irrigation area, the spring maize and 7 soil amendments were used to conduct the field experiments. In this study, the Cd, As and PAHs contents in the seeds of maize and soil were measured. The results presented that: the Cd, As and PAHs contents in the seeds of maize increased in the sulphur and enzyme microorganism treated soil; the Cd and As contents increased significantly comparing with the control group (P<0.05). 3 pollutant contents in the seeds of maize decreased in the lime, sodium bentonite, humic acid and diatomite treated soil; the Cd and As contents decreased significantly comparing with the control group (P<0.05). The Cd, As and PAHs contents in the seeds of maize decreased in the CXEM microbial agent treated soil; the PAHs contents decreased significantly comparing with the control group (P<0.05). The Cd, As and PAHs contents in soil treated were less influenced by the addition of soil amendments. However, the PAHs contents decreased 17.8% obviously (P<0.05). Therefore, the influences of soil amendments on Cd, As and PAHs contents in the seeds of maize and soil were mainly related with the characterization of soil amendment.

  The Contamination and Biological Effect of Heavy Metals Cu, Zn and Pb in Farmland Soil from Mine Area 2013, 29 (26):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0403 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 623263KB )   ( 545 ) In order to understand the contaminations status of main heavy metals in farmland soil from mine area, the chemical forms and biological effect of heavy metal Cu, Zn and Pb in farmland soil from an exploiting coal mine region in Henan Province were analyzed through field investigation and laboratory analysis in the manuscript. The results showed that: the content of heavy metal Zn was larger than that of Cu and Pb in soil. The mine exploitation didn’t cause the obvious pollution of these metals according to Grade Ⅲ criteria of the national soil environmental quality standard (GB15618-1995). To the exchangeable form (EXC), carbonate bound form (CAB), Fe-Mn oxide bound form (FMO), organic matter bound form (OM), and residue form (RES) of 5 chemical forms by Tessier (1979) for each element in soil, RES was of the highest proportions. The average value of bioavailability coefficients for Cu, Zn and Pb were respectively 0.09, 0.05 and 0.16 based the ratio of both EXC and CAB to the total amount, which indicated the order of bioavailability was Pb > Cu > Zn. The average value of transport coefficient for Cu and Zn was respectively 0.026 and 0.020 while that for Pb was 0.083 based the ratio of EXC to the total amount, which revealed the transport ability for heavy metals was Pb > Cu > Zn. It was to help determine the biological effect of Pb was the highest.

  Survey on Groundwater Mineralization Degree of Quzhou County and Its Influence on Food Production 2013, 29 (26):  142-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3011 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 589746KB )   ( 493 ) In order to study water quality conditions of agricultural irrigation motor-pumped wells and its influence on food yield in Quzhou, Hebei Province, the author measured groundwater mineralization of different depth motor-pumped wells, and investigated wheat, maize yield using those groundwater to irrigate. The results showed that: mineralization degree of water in Quzhou had the trend that value decreased from southwest to northeast. And water salinity of deep wells was low, the average value was 1.473 g/L, it belonged to freshwater; the shallow well water had higher salinity, its average value was 3.826 g/L, it belonged to brackish water. On the influence of food production, the survey results showed that the yield of wheat and maize irrigated by shallow wells was decreased by 4.81 %, 4.06 % every year than those irrigated by deep wells respectively. To Quzhou overall grain production, wheat and maize yield would decrease 4.4636 and 4.028 million kilograms respectively every year, direct economic loss was as high as 18.2352 million yuan. So above all, to agricultural development of the county, shallow brackish water irrigation had caused tremendous production and economic losses on local food production and it should cause our enough attention.

  Heavy Metal Enrichment Characteristics of Plants at Gaoyan Urban Domestic Garbage Sanitary Landfill Site in Guiyang LUO Xu-Qiang 2013, 29 (26):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0757 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 594552KB )   ( 495 ) In order to assess the effect of heavy metal accumulation in plants at urban domestic garbage landfill site, the characteristic of heavy metal enrichment in several kinds of plants from Gaoyan urban domestic garbage sanitary landfill site which located in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province were discussed in this study. Results showed that: average contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni were 1.31 mg/kg, 17.59 mg/kg, 78.52 mg/kg and 8.97 mg/kg respectively from Pokeberry root, Amaranthus caudatus, Sweet wormwood Herb, Xanthium sibiricum, Alternanthera philoxeroides. The migration order of heavy metals from soil to plant system was: Ni＞Zn＞Cd＞Pb. Alternanthera philoxeroides had the largest enrichment degree on Cd and Zn, the strongest parts of enrichment ability were root and stem respectively, Amaranthus caudatus had the largest enrichment degree on Pb, the strongest parts of enrichment ability was leave. The stem of Pokeberry root had the largest Ni concentration. The accumulation effect of the same place in different kinds of plants, and different organs of the same plant were both different. There was no significant difference except Cd in inter-specific (P≤0.05).

  Analysis of Effect Factors on Climatic Yield of Cotton in Wulanwusu 2013, 29 (26):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2732 Abstract + ( 660 )   PDF ( 691246KB )   ( 443 ) To understand the effect of climatic conditions on Xinjiang high quality cotton and to make it can guide cotton practice, many statistical methods were employed to research the relationship between the yield of Wulanwusu cotton planting area and meteorological data in the past 31 years, we drew a conclusion that the temperature and precipitation had showed uplifted trend and climatic yield had showed down trend. Interannual variation was marked and interdecadal variation was smooth. In the 1980’s, precipitation was little and temperature was lower; in the 1990’s, precipitation approached mean value and temperature ascended little; in the 2000’s, temperature and precipitation went up rapidly, which was not good to raise climatic yield. The effect of temperature on climatic yield was stronger than that of precipitation. When temperature was normal, the higher meteorologic yield could be obtained; when temperature was abnormal, the yield was lower. Interannual fluctuation of meteorologic yield was marked, which meant that the effect of climatic variation on cotton yield was in creasing. Thus, it was significant for ensuring high yield to take fully advantage of the fluctuating characters of climatic yield and to adopt according measures.

  Tongliao City Crop Growth Season Average High and Low Temperature and Daily Range Analysis 2013, 29 (26):  157-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0109 Abstract + ( 603 )   PDF ( 638183KB )   ( 436 ) In order to study the Tongliao extreme temperature for the growth of crops, and the influence of the stable grain production for high yield and provide basis for climate, the use of domestic seven station 52 years (1959-2010) daily temperature data of crop growth season (May - September) average highest temperature, average minimum temperature, daily range of temperature the climate characteristics of analysis. The results showed that, the highest temperature and the average Tongliao City average minimum temperatures were rising trend, all at 0.01 significant level above, three elements were in line with Hurst phenomenon, H index which was more than 0.5, were 0.7946, 0.9024 and 0.9751. Future short time average highest temperature and average minimum temperature would keep rising trend, daily range will remain trend of decrease.

  Climate Change Under the Background of Dim Horqin Sandy Land 50 Years Frost Change Analysis 2013, 29 (26):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0125 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 646348KB )   ( 525 ) In order to study climate change under the background of generate natural disasters on the prevention and control of desertification horqin sandy land and agricultural production and the effects for sand control and agricultural structure adjustment to provide climate basis, use the most typical area ground minimum temperature material, analyzes the nearly fifty years in the beginning and ending in frost date and no frost period variation characteristics. The results showed that: the global climate change under the background of dim, early frost date change trend appears only slightly delay, delay rate 1.1 days per 10 years. Final frost appear date trend obvious, advance rate 3.4 days per 10 years. No frost period is extended trend and prolong rate 4.5 days per 10 years. Initial frost is still the main meteorological disasters after the drought.

  Research on Rainstorm and Flood Disaster Risk Zoning in Sichuan Province 2013, 29 (26):  165-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3319 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 940560KB )   ( 586 ) In order to further improve the evaluation work of rainstorm and flood disaster in Sichuan Province and provide better services for disaster prevention, some factors such as rainfall intensity, terrain, water-system, agricultural population and farmland distributed were selected to study the relationship between them and the disaster, based on the digital topographic map of 1:50000 scale, river data, economic data and the daily rainfall data of 149 meteorological stations during 1961-2010. Then with the GIS technology, the synthetic disaster risk zoning models were developed to calculate the hazard risk factors, sensitivity of disaster environment, vulnerability of hazard affected body and disaster resistant ability. Finally, in the help of those models, the rainstorm and flood disaster risk index was clear. The result showed that: when taking Sichuan basin as the most importantly agricultural area, the northeast and southwest basin region belonged to the high or medium-high risk area, and part of the middle, west or south basin region belonged to the same risk zoning where the rainstorm and flood disaster happened frequently. It meant that, the local agriculture was suffered greatly in those regions. Meanwhile, the low risk and medium-low area included the mountain and hilly land in edge of basin, where was far from this disaster because of the higher terrain and less rainfall.

  Diagnosis Analysis of the Heavy Rain in Shandong Province, July 2-3, 2011 2013, 29 (26):  172-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3591 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 1813177KB )   ( 595 ) In order to further explore the mesoscale physical mechanism of short time rainstorm in Shandong, ande analyze the mesoscale information before strong convection comes, improve the accuracy of regional rainstorm forecast in Shandong. Using the conventional observed data, the FY-2E satellite TBB data and NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° for 6 h reanalysis data on 2011 July 2-3 Shandong rainstorm process had been diagnosed in synoptic and dynamic. The results showed that: the Shandong heavy rainstorm was caused by high altitude, cold ground cyclone and subtropical high pressure system; the maintaining subtropical high pressure, the appearance of the low level shear line in lower troposphere layer, the incursion of the cold air in middle and higher troposphere layer, strong instability energy as well as the abundant and deep water vapor and other weather conditions effective and reasonable, caused the heavy rainstorm; positive vertical helicity center had a good relationship with the change of the southwest vortex’s movement and intensity. Heavy rainstorm happened near the transition zone of MPV1 and weak negative zone on 850 hPa, and it combined the convective instability and baroclinic instability; there was an important guidance to research the MCC changing scope and intensity.

  Risk Assessment Research of Strong Precipitation Prose in Tianshui Area 2013, 29 (26):  178-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0013 Abstract + ( 802 )   PDF ( 650984KB )   ( 541 ) Used the daily precipitation data in 45 years from 1965 to 2009, deterministic analyzed the process of heavy rain and torrential rain. Established 3 individual index and comprehensive assessment indexes that could reflected the process of heavy rain and torrential rain, and also divided the risk assessment rank. Tested the normality of the sequences of comprehensive assessment indexes about the heavy rain and torrential rain, the result showed that the heavy rain fitted the normal distribution, torrential rain fitted the normal distribution after vary, thereby determined the assessment indexes in return period of the heavy rain and torrential rain. At last, we assessed the process of heavy rain and torrential rain from 2010 to 2012 by the assessment rank and the return period assessment indexes. The result showed that, this research quantitative assessed the process of heavy rain and torrential rain in Tianshui Area timely effectively and scientific, provided support to pre prevention and reduction department, had a great meaning for increase the effectiveness and promptness of weather service

  GIS-based Research on the Real-time Risk Assessment of Storm in Guangxi 2013, 29 (26):  184-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0197 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 936731KB )   ( 552 ) For scientifically solving the problem that the serious influence caused by frequently happening storm disaster in Guangxi, based on the real time rainfall data from automatic weather station in Guangxi, the historical storm disastrous data, the socio-economic data and basic geographical data of Guangxi, by using principal component analysis method and analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS technology, this paper has studied the method of the real-time risk assessment of storm disaster, real-time storm hazard risk evaluation model, circumstance sensitivity model, storm hazard vulnerability model, and resistance capacity model. As a result, the real-time risk evaluation of agricultural storm in Guangxi was constructed by comprehensive utilizing the four models, which was verified an effective model by the coincidence of the evaluation result and the actual disaster of one time storm process in 2011.

  The Research of Effects of Disturbance Factors on Birds in Longfeng Wetland 2013, 29 (26):  190-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0756 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 543263KB )   ( 541 ) In order to study the influence of the disturbance factors of wetland ecosystem on the bird diversity, and protect the wetland ecological balance and bird diversity. The author studied the birds in Longfeng wetland by using transect method and sample point method from March 2009 to June 2012. The results showed that: the bird species in Longfeng wetland decreased from 16 to 13 in families, 33 to 20 in orders and from 142 to 46 in species. The bird species in Longfeng wetland decreased significantly on account of the polluting of the wetland and its natural factors, the excessive utilizing of water resources, the fragmenting of wetland landscape and human disturbance factors, such as noise and electromagnetic radiation pollution. The change of the disturbance factors gave rise to the decrease of wetland birds. It was very urgent that reducing the influence of disturbance factors, and protecting wetland birds.

  Design and Application of Cultivated Land Fertility Evaluation Information System (CLFEIS) Based on ArcGIS Engine 2013, 29 (26):  195-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2795 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 1627512KB )   ( 518 ) The objectives of this paper were to further enhance the study on land quantitative and informatization and combine GIS techniques with traditional farmland evaluation methods. In this paper, based on the traditional process of the farmland evaluation and the secondary development component ArcGIS Engine, a GIS system for evaluation of farmland productivity was developed, taking Guangrao County as an example. CLFEIS system could get a higher efficiency in implementation, due to AE’s powerful capability of spatial data processing. After the evaluation on functions of spatial data processing of this system, such as superposition, attribute extraction, report generation, the results matched the actual farmland fertility data of Guangrao County, and it indicated that this system could help managers better understand the status of farmland and provide technical and data support for further soil testing and fertilizer in Guangrao County.

  Comparison and Reference of Rural Scientific and Technological Information Communication Between Fujian and Taiwan 2013, 29 (26):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4187 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 513856KB )   ( 500 ) From some aspects such as service subject, information service content, information communication carrier, information communication support system and service means, this article compared rural scientific and technological information communication between Fujian and Taiwan. Puts forward several new communication modes, gave some advices on the building of Fujian rural scientific and technological information communication innovation system from the perspective of government service ways, rural information infrastructure construction, information dissemination team construction and resource construction. This article also put forward some advice on innovating the rural scientific and technological information communication cooperation mechanism between Fujian and Taiwan such as adopting further polices, establishing strategic alliances and widing communication channels.

  The Analysis, Evaluation and Suggestion of Sampling and Inspection Results About Fertilizer Quality in the Field of Beijing Agricultural Materials Distribution from 2010 to 2011 2013, 29 (26):  208-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3470 Abstract + ( 660 )   PDF ( 513380KB )   ( 439 ) In order to understand the dynamic changes of fertilizer quality in the field of Beijing agricultural materials distribution from 2010 to 2011, analyzed fertilizer samples sampling from Beijing fertilizer market and evaluated the results of inspection. The results showed that Beijing fertilizer quality presents good trend in resent two years. Inorganic fertilizer shows a dominant position in the fertilizer market; the market share of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are lower than inorganic fertilizer. The major problems of Beijing fertilizer products are mainly showing that the content of single nutrient and harmful elements are not in conformity with standards.

  （New)The Present Situation of Seed Coating Agent Patent in Worldwide Confines and China and Its Instruction 2013, 29 (26):  213-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4107 Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 494478KB )   ( 487 ) To provide theoretical basis for seed coating agent research and patent, we analyzed the present situation of seed coating agent at home and abroad. Employing the European Patent Office and China's intellectual property rights and the Chinese and foreign patent data as the database. The total number about seed coating agent patent in worldwide was 371, among which, 151 were in China and 10 were in Xinjiang. There is slightly wide gap in seed coating agent patent between Xinjiang and other areas in our country or other countries. However, it’s important to address issues relating to seed coating agent research for its sustainable development in our region by strengthening the financial aid and patent consciousness.

  Research on Development Mechanism of New Operation Type of Rural Tourism: A Case Study of Beijing 2013, 29 (26):  217-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4103 Abstract + ( 849 )   PDF ( 519984KB )   ( 556 ) New operation type of rural tourism is new type of tourism products and services of rural tourism. As the change of tourism market, based on rural tourism resources and environment, new operation type of rural tourism can meet the need of rural tourists’ consumption. Rural tourism develops very fast in Beijing, its industry amount increases, its industry status increases, and its industry system takes form gradually. Type of operation of rural tourism in Beijing is richer, and eight new operation types of rural tourism are proposed. The paper made a summary of development mechanism of new operation type of rural tourism in Beijing. Hold the new demands, put forward rural tourism industrial division, speed up rural tourism industrial upgrade, and promote rural tourism industrial integration, was the driving force of development of new operation type of rural tourism. It proposed some advice to the development of rural tourism in Beijing.