Abstract: To understand the effect of climatic conditions on Xinjiang high quality cotton and to make it can guide cotton practice, many statistical methods were employed to research the relationship between the yield of Wulanwusu cotton planting area and meteorological data in the past 31 years, we drew a conclusion that the temperature and precipitation had showed uplifted trend and climatic yield had showed down trend. Interannual variation was marked and interdecadal variation was smooth. In the 1980’s, precipitation was little and temperature was lower; in the 1990’s, precipitation approached mean value and temperature ascended little; in the 2000’s, temperature and precipitation went up rapidly, which was not good to raise climatic yield. The effect of temperature on climatic yield was stronger than that of precipitation. When temperature was normal, the higher meteorologic yield could be obtained; when temperature was abnormal, the yield was lower. Interannual fluctuation of meteorologic yield was marked, which meant that the effect of climatic variation on cotton yield was in creasing. Thus, it was significant for ensuring high yield to take fully advantage of the fluctuating characters of climatic yield and to adopt according measures.