Abstract: In order to assess the potential of rural residential consolidation effectively and guide the process as well, the author took the rural residential consolidation in Yitong County as the study object, and selected 14 impact indexes involved from the natural, social and economic conditions based on the common factors that affected the rural residential consolidation and used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of each index, then the evaluation coefficients of the system were obtained. And the author used it to calculate the realistic potential of rural residential consolidation. The results showed that: (1) after consolidation, the realistic potential of land consolidation in rural residential areas of Yitong County would be 3031.10 hm2 and the coefficient of increasing arable land would be 25.02% until 2015; (2) the evaluation coefficients of rural residential consolidation in Yitong County lied between 0.19-0.61. The maximum appears in Yingchengzi Town and the minimum appeared in Xinxing Township; (3) the sequence of consolidation was in consideration between the realistic potential and the coefficient of increasing arable land. Towns of higher potential and larger coefficient were in preference to the others.