Abstract: As an important kind of primary pollution source, crop straw burning contribute much pollutant into the atmosphere, thus play significant roles in regional air pollution, and severely affect climate and human health. Based on date of crop yield from 2000 to 2010 in Shanxi, the major grain crop straw output were calculated according to the ratio of residue/grain. The proportion and the amount of open burning of crop straw were quantitatively analyzed. Then the total amount of CO and CO2 emission were estimated according to the emission factors and the spatial distribution of the carbon emissions in different counties of Shanxi Province was showed using GIS. The results showed that the average emission amount of CO and CO2 from the open burning of crop straw were 205.6×103 t and 5611.8×103 t per year respectively in recent 10 years. Corn straw burning had greater impact on the carbon emission of farmland than that of other crops. The average of total carbon emission from the open burning of crop straw was 164.05×104 t per year, and the total carbon emission increased gradually every year and reached a peak in 2010. In addition, it revealed that the distribution of carbon emission from the opening burning of crop straw was consistent with natural factors such as terrain, temperature and precipitation, and economic and social factors. This paper could provide advices on the controlling and reducing emission of agricultural greenhouse gases.