Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.21 Published:25 July 2013

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  Management Methods of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Rice Fields 2013, 29 (21):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2863 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 504573KB )   ( 884 ) It is necessary to realize the current situation, harm, and management strategies of heavy metal pollution. On the basis of the situation of heavy metal pollution in the rice fields, the best methods which were match with rice fields can be chose, including controlling heavy metal pollution sources, screening rice varieties of low absorption of heavy metal, using soil amendment, planting hyper-accumulater and growing transgenic plants. These methods were beneficial to improve yield and quality of rice, thus beneficial to human health. Now there are few rice varieties of low absorption of heavy metal, so greater efforts are needed in the future. Also, only if the select of hyper-accumulater change from repair single heavy metal pollution to compound, it can adapt to the complication of pollution places. What is more, there is a great space to develop transgenic plants. In a word, much attention should be paid to heavy metal pollution and control sewage water irrigation.

  The Research Development About Influence of Climatic Change on Wheat Production 2013, 29 (21):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2934 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 569180KB )   ( 714 ) It was briefed on the mainly way at home and abroad for be to research climate change and to evaluate the affect on wheat production by climate change. The analysis showed research on climate change and the affect on wheat production that around the main line of the climate warming outspreads. The reporter raised the main research technology way that produces future climate situation by the climate change facts trend extrapolation and climate patterns, the situation of winter wheat production is simulated on the future climate scenarios, with the mechanism or statistical model of the relationship on the winter wheat growth and meteorological conditions. Analysis on mainly differences of the winter wheat production situation and the trend of the main meteorological elements change about occurrence’s causes in present normal climate conditions and the future climate scenarios. It is gotten a mainly technology measures that study on technology action about dealing with climate change by the direction on precise cultivation, to put forward management measures for preventing climate change risk, in order to ensure the safety of winter wheat production to provide decision basis.

  Routes and progress of peanut mutants created 2013, 29 (21):  12-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3396 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 469193KB )   ( 688 ) This paper describes the purpose and meaning of the construction of peanut mutant library. The mutation techniques applicated in the creation of peanut mutants and varieties improvement were summarized.

  Research Progress on Resistance Breeding of Cotton Verticillium Wilt 2013, 29 (21):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2784 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 613199KB )   ( 788 ) This paper concluded the achievements and progress in recent 10 years’ in anti-verticillium breeding, indicated that the most effective and feasible method to control verticillium wilt is planting disease-resistant varieties of cotton currently. This paper also analysed the problems in anti-verticillium breeding, and obtained there are about five main problems as follows: (1) Lack of upland cotton anti-source of high resistance; (2)The cycle of anti-verticillium breeding is long and the breeding method is single; (3)The discipline of genetic resistance is not clear and the basis of genetic resistence is narrow; (4) Molecular marker assisted selection exists a lot of limitations in anti-verticillium breeding; (5) The identification methods of anti-verticillium is defected. This paper discussed the way to deal with the problems as follows: (1) Through the distant hybridization, and combined with many generations of backcross and directional selection to create new species ;(2) Using physical chemical and molecular mutagenesis or other means to create new materials; (3)Through the modern biological technology, cultivate new resistance materials; (4) Only importing the resistance gene or using RNAi technology to cultivate resistance plants. At the same time the paper prospected the direction of the future research in anti-verticillium breeding. Researchers have been fostered many new disease-resistance varieties by various breeding ways, but there is lack of varieties which are true and high disease-resistant in cotton producftion.

  Research Progress on Different Spatial-temporal Scale Model and Scale Conversion Methods of Crop Evapotranspiration 2013, 29 (21):  23-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3282 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 427105KB )   ( 745 ) Through reviewing the research achievement of crop evapotranspiration at present, the research status of different spatial-temporal scale models and scale conversion methods of crop evapotranspiration was described, and the development trend of research on crop evapotranspiration was hereby forecasted. First, based on remote sensing data, digital elevation model and GIS technology, new spatial interpolation method was established to realize the spatial scale conversion of crop evapotranspiration from the precise point scale to the large scale. Then, on the basis of remote sensing data, accurate crop coefficient model was built to realize temporal scale expansion of crop evapotranspiration by a temporal scale expansion method based on crop coefficient. Finally, a comprehensive and operational model of crop evapotranspiration was established through the spatial-temporal scale conversion method.

  Effects of Sowing Date on the Growth Characteristics of Different Rice Varieties 2013, 29 (21):  27-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3299 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 519368KB )   ( 650 ) In this experiment, the effects of seeding time on the yield, growth duration and yield component were studied with ‘Liangyou 6326’ and ‘Nanjing 44’ as materials. With the delay of sowing date, birth process was postponed, and whole growth period of these two kinds of rice were shortened; the sowing date had no significant influence on the yield components of ‘Nanjing 44’,but the effective panicles of ‘Liangyou 6326’ were different between different sowing date (sig=0.008, P<0.05). The effective panicles of ‘Liangyou 6326’, the effective panicles and the grain numbers per spike of ‘Nanjing 44’ all had significant correlation with yield, with their sig value less than 0.05. In addition, the yield of ‘Liangyou 6326’ was higher than that of ‘Nanjing 44’. The comprehensive evaluation showed that this area should plant these two kinds of rice early.

  Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Wheat Near Isogentic Lines for Three Pistils Character 2013, 29 (21):  31-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3072 Abstract + ( 666 )   PDF ( 469396KB )   ( 537 ) In order to fully utilize the fine traits of three pistils line and comprehensive analysis the genetic effects of pis1 gene on the agronomical characters, the main agronomic traits of wheat near isogentic lines, CSTP, CM28TP, MY29TP, NM9TP and their recurrent parents were investigated in this studies. The results showed that there were no obvious difference of plant height, stem diameter, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, effective panicle, spike length and spikelet number among near isogentic lines and their recurrent parents. The grain number per spike in near isogentic lines was superior to their recurrent parents except CSTP. But the 1000-kernel weight and plot yield lower than their recurrent parents. The positive correlation was found that plot yield was very significantly positive correlated with 1000-kernel weight. But the plot yield and 1000-kernel weight were no significant positive correlated with grain number per spike. In other words, it can not efficiently increase the yield only increase grain number per spike. So the priority target is to improve the 1000-kernel weight if use the three pistils line for breeding research. Cluster analysis indicated that the near isogentic lines and their corresponding parent can be classed into the same group. So the near isogentic lines were constructed successfully.

  Effects of Conservation Tillage on Daily Dynamics of Greenhouse Gases Flux from Spring Wheat During Mature Stage in Dry Land of the Loess Plateau 2013, 29 (21):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3182 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 731861KB )   ( 573 ) In order to predict the farmland ecological system, CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions on global warming response and the influence of temperature on the daily dynamics of greenhouse gas emission. Daily dynamics of CO2, N2O and CH4 flux from farmland ecosystem in spring wheat field at mature stage were measured by static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques under conventional tillage (T) and conservation tillage (NTS) in dry land of loess plateau. The results showed that: fields were sources of atmospheric CO2 and N2O and the sink of atmospheric CH4 under two tillage treatments. Daily dynamics of CO2, N2O and CH4 flux changed remarkably. CO2 emission flux under conventional tillage was obvious higher than that under conservation tillage, the maximal emission flux of CO2 appeared at 12:00 pm, and the minimum emission appeared at 0:00 am. The maximal emission flux of N2O appeared at 16:00 pm and the minimum emission appeared at 0:00 am. Conservation tillage treatment could increase N2O emission. The maximal absorption flux of CH4 appeared at 14:00 pm under two tillage treatments, the minimum absorption appeared at 22:00 pm under conservation tillage, but the minimum absorption appeared at 2:00 am under conventional tillage treatments. Conservation tillage could increase CH4 absorption. The land surface temperature and soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm were significantly related to CO2 emission flux, and that there was a significant exponential correlation between CO2 flux and the soil temperature.conservation tillage, the maximal emission flux of CO2 appeared at 12:00 p.m, and the minimum emission appeared at 0:00 a.m. The maximal emission flux of N2O appeared at 16:00 p.m and the minimum emission appeared at 0:00 a.m. Conservation tillage treatment can increase N2O emission. The maximal absorption flux of CH4 appeared at 14:00 p.m under two tillage treatments, the minimum absorption appeared at 22:00 p.m under conservation tillage, but the minimum absorption appeared at 2:00 a.m under conventional tillage treatments. Conservation tillage can increase CH4 absorption. The land surface temperature and soil temperature at the depth of 5cm were significantly related to CO2 emission flux, and that there was a significant exponential correlation between CO2 flux and the soil temperature.

  The application of SSR marker in hybrid maize and hybrid rice seed quality assessment and purity test 2013, 29 (21):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3407 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 599187KB )   ( 607 ) SSR molecular markers which had the technical advantages of fast, stable and accurate were used to investigate the genetic diversity and purity test of two hybrid seed commercially available. 36 rice SSR primer pairs were used to assess the genetic diversity of 38 hybrid rice samples. The result showed two of the sample were heterogenous (genetic distance 0.11), whereas two of the others seemed to be synonym (genetic distance 0.03). 33 maize SSR primer pairs were used to determine the genetic diversity of 36 hybrid maize sample, the result showed two of the sample were heterogenous (genetic distance 0.12). In the artificial mixed sample test, u test revealed there was no significant difference between all sample test value and actual mixed ratio. Meanwhile, 10 hybrid rice samples provided by seed company were compared with SSR molecular marker and field identification methods, though SSR marker test results were below the field identification in three samples, the field identifying were on the basis of agronomic traits, it was difficult to distinguish the similar genetic background strains, it indicated that SSR molecular marker was more favorable than the other detection methods.

  The Optimum Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer of Maize in Jianghuai Area 2013, 29 (21):  47-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4151 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 443726KB )   ( 523 ) In order to investigate the effect of different amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on maize, the yield, grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, dry weight, harvest index, the ratio of return on invested, and agronomic N efficiency of corn hybrid ‘Longping 206’ (Zea mays L.) were analyzed. Results showed that, the yield of maize was significant different under different amount of N (0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375 kg/hm2). The yield of maize increased with the augment of N from 0 kg/hm2to 225 kg/hm2. In details, when the plants was applied with 0 kg/hm2, 75 kg/hm2, 150 kg/hm2 and 225 kg/hm2, the yield were 7354.0, 9462.5, 10847.3, 11352.6 kg/km2, respectively. However, in contrast to 225 kg/hm2 N, there was no significant increase in yield when the plants were applied with 300 kg/hm2 and 375 kg/hm2. So, the relationship between nitrogen and yield were linear plus plateau. And the mathematical simulation equation was: y=23.37x+7475, x<169; y=11426, x>169 (R2=0.97**, n=18). Accordingly, the optimum amount of N in Jianghuai area was 169 kg/hm2, which layed a theoretic foundation for reasonable use of nitrogen for maize production in Jianghuai area.

  Interactive Effects of Different Combination of Row Spacing and Plant Distance on the Yield and Yield Components of Summer Maize 2013, 29 (21):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0232 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 651062KB )   ( 813 ) To study the suitable plant density of summer maize and keep high yield of summer maize in the North China plain. Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different row spacing, planting distance and their interactive effects on the yield and yield components of summer maize. Split plot design was used with row spacing of 60 cm and 50 cm in the main plots and plant distance of 22 cm, 25 cm, 28 cm and 33 cm treatments in the sub-plots. The results showed that, the yield of 60 cm row spacing treatment was lower than that of 50 cm row spacing treatment. With 50 cm row spacing, the yield with 25 cm and 28 cm plant distance treatments were much higher. There was no significant difference between the two treatments. 22 cm plant distance treatments produced the lowest yield, and the yield of 33 cm treatment was in middle. With 60 cm row spacing, the yield with 22 cm and 25 cm plant distance treatments were much higher. There was no significant difference between the two treatments. 33 cm plant distance treatments produced the lowest yield, and the yield of 28 cm treatment was in middle. Row spacing and planting distance significantly affected the kernels per spike. Wide row spacing and wide plant distance increased the kernels per spike. Seed weight was less affected by row spacing. There was no significant difference between 60 cm and 50 cm row spacing in seed weight. The highest seed weight was achieved with the treatments of 28 cm and 25 cm plant distant. There was significant difference among the treatments. The results showed that the combination of 50 cm row spacing and 28 cm plant distant was beneficial to high yielding of summer maize in the North China Plain.

  Principal Component and Gray Relation Analysis on Main Agronomic Traits of Wild Oat in Karst Environments 2013, 29 (21):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3442 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 442076KB )   ( 606 ) In order to explore the excellent gene resources and broad the genetic basis for wild oats in karst environments. Eighty of wild accessions from different karst districts were investigated by principal component and gray relation analysis. The results showed that, in principal component analysis, the first four main components, which were grains per panicle factor, spike length factor, plant height factor and 1000-grain weight factor, made the contribution of 85% to variation. In gray relation analysis, between plant height and spike length, number of productive panicles and grains per panicle, panicles per plant and plant height, grain weight per plant and grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain weight per plant were the highest association degrees, therefore, the relationship among them was greater.

  Construction of Genetic Linkage Map in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) using SSR 2013, 29 (21):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3373 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 766839KB )   ( 741 ) Abstract: The present study was aimed to construct a molecular linkage map of tartary buckwheat, which would provide essential tools for investigating genomic structure and evolution, and facilitate QTL mapping, marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning of important gene. In this study, a population of F4 generation including 119 individual plants was derived from the cross between ‘Dianning 1’ and a tartary buckwheat wild species. SSR markers were used to construct the molecular genetic linkage map. The genetic linkage map consisted 15 linkage groups with 89 markers including 22 (24.7%) distorted markers in the whole map and 2-16 markers in each linkage group. The total length of the map was 860.2 cM. The length of linkage groups varied from 6.9 to 165.8 cM, with a mean marker interval distance of 9.7 cM between markers. The current study constructed a first tartary buckwheat genetic linkage map, which provided the basis for the research on gene location and molecular breeding of tartary buckwheat.

  Correlation and Principal Component Analysis Between Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Regional Trails of North China 2013, 29 (21):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2957 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 505503KB )   ( 791 ) In order to understand correlation and relations of primary and secondary on characters which influencing yield and quality of sweet potato, multiple statistic methods were used to analyze relationship of correlation and principal component analysis on agronomic traits and quality traits in regional trails of North China. Results showed that starch yield was significant positive related with percentage of dry matter and percentage of starch, dry matter yield was also the same relationship with diameter of stem and percentage of big and middle tuberous roots, but fresh yield only was significant positive related with percentage of big and middle tuberous roots. By principal component analysis, we found that percentage of big and middle tuberous roots, diameter of stem and resistance index of black pot consisted of the highest contribution principal component for starch yield and dry matter yield, and the rate of contribution of first principal component are respectively 29.67% and 30.13%. But percentage of big and middle tuberous roots and disease index of root pot was the biggest effect principal component for fresh yield, and the rate of contribution of first principal component is 30.71%. And extremely negative correlation relationship was indicated between starch content and reducing sugar content, soluble sugar content, sweetness. But crude protein content was weak negative related with reducing sugar and soluble sugar content. Principal component of quality traits showed that reducing sugar content, soluble sugar content and sweetness after stewing mainly contribute to quality of sweet potato, and the rate of contribution of first principal component is 59.12%. The second principal component includes crude protein content and viscosity after stewing, and the rate of contribution of first principal component is 23.75%. It was concluded that different emphasis of agronomic traits affects the formation of different yield goal, sweetness and waxy are mainly traits which influencing quality traits of sweet potato.

  Studies on the Breeding and Mulching Cultivation of ‘Yanshu 24’ with High Yield and High Starch 2013, 29 (21):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2449 Abstract + ( 670 )   PDF ( 575159KB )   ( 806 ) To meet the demand for our high yield and high starch sweet potato new varieties and cultivation techniques of new varieties, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Scientific Research utilize the way of improved- hybridization to breed the new variety, and adopt the national and regional test to appraise the yield, quality, disease resistance. The mulching cultivation technology research of new varieties was done by field contrast experiment analysis. The regional test results from the Northern district in 2008-2009 showed that, its average yield of fresh foot was 32235 kg/hm2, 9.46% increase compared with contrast and the average yield of the dry weight was 9685.5 kg/hm2, 18.55% increase compared with contrast. It passed the identification by the identification committee of the national sweet potato varieties in 2010. Study obtained: ‘YanShu 24’ had the advantages of high yield, high starch content, strong disease resistance and the wide adaptability. It was an excellent variety to process starch. The black plastic film mulching had the best effect. It was mainly because of the great advantage that the black film mulching could inhibit the growth of weeds, did not need spraying of herbicides and avoid inhibition growth of stems and leaves by the herbicide. Because of suitable soil temperature root growing was not affected by pre-ground high temperature. Stems and leaves and root growth dynamics, the dynamics of leaf area index, T/R value was reasonable. So it was able to obtain higher economic output.

  Study on the Antimicrobial Activity from Phellinus linteus Fermentation Product 2013, 29 (21):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2463 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 675308KB )   ( 554 ) To discover the antifungal activity of the extracts from Phellinus linteus. We used the growth rate method measuring antifungal action to seven kinds of plant pathogen by Phellinus linteus different fermentation time fermentation product, the fermentation product was treated by different way, get the polysaccharide from the ethanol concentration, compare to antifungal activity. The results showed that antibacterial substances from Phellinus linteus have growth inhibitory effects on seven pathogenic bacteria; fermentation time was 20 d, the antibiotic compound had the highest inhibitory rate to Cytospora chrysosperma. The antibiotic compound from Phellinus linteus almost exists in supernatant of acoparia-alcohol extract; 30% alcohol-precipitation concentration (concentration was 50 mg/mL) was highest in all. Phellinus linteus contained the antifungal activity component and had the potential became the new biological pesticide.

  The Screening of a High-efficiency organophosphorus pesticides -degrading strain and its Enzyme Properties 2013, 29 (21):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3039 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 826418KB )   ( 641 ) Abstract: Objective: The test is to screen and identify a high-efficiency biodegradating strains from the contaminated soil to a high concentration of organophosphorus pesticides and its enzymology properties were studyed. Methods:In this study, A high-efficiency organophosphorus-degrading strain was selected through domestication, separation, screening process and identified by a series of colony morphological, physiological characteristics and 16s rDNA sequences and other tests. And the crude enzyme liquid enzymatic properties were studied by the step of pH, temperature of the enzyme, metal ions and etc. Results:A strain J7-4 was screened and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri. The results showed that the degradation enzyme is located in the cell .The optional reactive pH and temperature of the enzyme is 45℃and pH9.0;The most suitable substrate of the enzyme is methyl parathion, and it has a broad-spectrum degradation characteristics; Some metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+ had activation on the enzyme at different degree, while Co2+、Cr3+ have slight inhibition on the enzyme, and Mn2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Al3+, Hg+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Ag+ have a strong inhibition on the enzyme. Conclusion: A strain Pseudomonas stutzeri J7-4 was screened successfully with high efficient degradating Organophosphate compounds and its enzymology properties were studied.

  Screening and Molecular Identification of a New Agarase—producing Bacterium 2013, 29 (21):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3571 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 613699KB )   ( 629 ) Agar as the sole carbon source, to separation the screening plant height enzyme Agarolytic bacteria Z705 from rotting seaweed. The colony morphology, physiological and biochemical properties and enzyme activity was studied, and the clone its 16 s rDNA sequence, molecular identification.The results show that Z705 is gram negative, a short rod; strain Z705 displayed a high sequence similarity with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (99%). According to its morphological, physiological and biochemical properties and the homology analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, strain Z705 was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp.

  Soil Nutrients Situation and Changes of County Medium-low Yield in the North China Plain 2013, 29 (21):  92-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0231 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 658287KB )   ( 966 ) The study is based on the data from the Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing and the Second Soil Survey, and adopts the conventional statistic analysis methods, it aims at investigating the soil nutrients situation and changes in Pingxiang County belong to county medium-low yield in the North China Plain. These results showed that, the soil organic matter, available N, K increased, and the available P had changed little, since that the Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing were implemented in Pingxiang County in 2008, the soil available P in 2008 and 2010 were 10.0 mg/kg, 10.8 mg/kg, respectively. Both of the soil organic matter and available N, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn around the county in 2010 increased at different degrees compared with the results of the Second Soil Survey, and the available Mn, Zn among of above items raised the most with respective growth rates of 218.6% and 527.3%. The soil organic matter and available N, P, Fe, Cu had added 4.4 g/kg, 0.9 mg/kg, 3.5 mg/kg, 1.3 mg/kg, 0.34 mg/kg, respectively, available K had reduced 50.4 mg/kg. The soil organic matter and available N, K of plough layer around the county increased, and the change of available P was small form 2008 to 2010. The soil organic matter and available N, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn of plough layer around the county in 2010 increased at different degrees compared with the results of the Second Soil Survey, and the available Mn, Zn among of above items raised the most.

  Studies on Preparation and Physico-chemical Properties of Coating-agent for Controlled-fertilizer 2013, 29 (21):  98-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0399 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 676817KB )   ( 703 ) To obtain the preparation conditions and explore the physico-chemical properties of coating-agent for controlled-fertilizer, the single factor tests of the composite ratio of film-forming materials, the amount of film-forming materials, plasticizer, emulsifier and pigment were made with two resins as the film-forming materials, and the optimal preparation conditions of coating-agent for controlled-fertilizer were determined by orthogonal test L9(34). The physico-chemical properties of the pH, viscosity, film-forming time, film-forming properties, water solubility of coated film, coating uniformity, coating-off rate were measured. The results showed that, the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: the composite ratio (JZ:BZ) was 1:1.5, amount of film-forming materials was 12%, plasticizer was 0.8%, emulsifier was 1.0%, pigment was 0.08% and solvent was 86.12%. Test results of physico-chemical properties showed that, the pH was 5.21, viscosity was 21.1 MPa/s, the film was good and indissolvable in water, the film-forming time was 6 min, coating uniformity was 95%, coating-off rate was less than 8%, which indicated that the coating-agent for controlled-fertilizer had good physico-chemical properties.

  Effect of Different Sowing Period and Basic Seedlings to Yield of ‘Teyou107’ 2013, 29 (21):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3404 Abstract + ( 687 )   PDF ( 521292KB )   ( 514 ) This article is mainly about influences of different sowing time and basic seedlings to yield component of ‘Teyou107’ in early and late seasons. The results showed that, sowed earlier would prolong the growth period, especially in early season. And increase the basic seedlings in quantity would shorten the growth period. Different sowing time and basic seedlings could cause to change the spike number and grain number per spike, the influence to the yield was significant. The influences to the yield of late season interacted with basic seedlings was significant, but in early seasons it did not reach the significant level. On the premise of proper sowing time, basic seedlings and enough spikes would bring its superiority of big spike, could enhance the potential of increasing production. ‘Teyou107’ was cultivating in early and late seasons in southern Fujian. Under an average soil condition, ‘Teyou107’ should sow in late midmonth of February and midmonth of July with 567000 seedlings per hm2 to get higher yield.

  Influence of Plastic Film Mulching Methods on Yield and Economic Characters in Commercial Potato 2013, 29 (21):  109-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0207 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 679046KB )   ( 684 ) In order to explore the influence of the film mulching and soil covering cultivation to the commercial potato yield and economic characters in central Guizhou Province, this experiment used ‘Xuanshu 2’ as the material, studied the influence of the different size potato, the different color of the film and the type of soil covering to the soil warm, the humidity, the number of days of seeding emergence, the commercial potato yield and economic characters. The results indicated that, the film mulching and soil covering cultivation turned out to be useful for temperature-increasing and moisturizing before and during seedling emergence in central Guizhou Province, the soil temperature ratio compared high 0.42-6.84℃, the humidity enhanced 1.64%-18.95%, emerges and maturing quickly. Mid and late seedling emergence could reduce the soil layer humidity and the temperature effectively, specially soil layer humidity reduced 5.93%-6.4% in the mature period, reduced the rotten potato rate effectively, the commercial potato productive ratio comparison increased 25.96%. Using about 30 g the small potato could reduce the seed tuber amount used, reduce the production cost, obtain the maximum economic efficiency. Therefore, using small potato with the white film mulching and soil covering cultivation can effective enhance the commercial potato yield, the economic efficiency is highest.

  Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment of Farmland Soil in Suburb in Zhengzhou City 2013, 29 (21):  116-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3539 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 576175KB )   ( 580 ) In order to understand heavy metal pollution status of farmland soil in suburb in Zhengzhou City, the content of heavy metal Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn and Cd of farmland (wheat field, vegetable field and fallow land) soil in the region were detected through field investigation and laboratory analysis in the manuscript. The pollution comprehensive assessments on soil heavy metal were made based on single factor pollution index method, Nemerow integrated factor pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that: the single factor pollution index was less than 1 for each element with the index value of Cd>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb, which indicated heavy metals contamination didn’t occur. Nemerow integrated factor pollution index was all smaller than 0.7 to wheat field, vegetable field and fallow land, which demonstrated that soil reached the clean and safe degree. According to potential ecological risk index method, a lower ecological risk level was estimated to soil heavy metals by the potential risk coefficient for each element and the potential risk index for each sampling site. As a whole, the comprehensive environment quality of farmland soil in suburb of Zhengzhou was good.

  Research Development of SOS gene family underlying salt tolerance in plant 2013, 29 (21):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3194 Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 551232KB )   ( 1301 ) SOS (Salt Overly Sensitive) mediated signal transduction pathway is the study of one of the most clearly mechanisms of salt tolerance, some of the plants under salt stress, six genes of SOS gene family is indifferent time and space to expression caused damage by salt. In this paper, SOS-mediated signal transduction process in six key genes are reviewed.

  Present Research Progress in the techniques of Heat-resistance Ethanol Yeast Breeding 2013, 29 (21):  126-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1016 Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 1194090KB )   ( 973 ) its thermo-resistant mechanism were introduced in this paper．Besides．the research progress in the breeding of heat-resistance ethanol yeast by high temperature domestication、natural breeding、mutation breeding、protoplast infusion and genome shuffling Was illustrated,especially the theory of genome shuffling techniques and its advantages in the breeding of heat-resistance ethanol yeast were induced.The combination of genome shuffling techniques、traditional microbial breeding techniques and modem biotech could greatly increase breeding efficiency of heat-resistance ethanol yeast．

  Construction of Soybean FAD2-1b Gene Silencing Vector 2013, 29 (21):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3125 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 1238576KB )   ( 698 ) The soybean FAD2-1b gene was amplified by RT-PCR from transgenic soybeans, and soybean FAD2-1b gene silencing vector was constructed for breeding transgenic soybeans with biosafety. Seed specific promoter GY1 of soybean was amplified from high protein soybean ‘Heinong 35 ’; FAD2-1b gene introns 1 was amplified from high oil soybean ‘Heinong 37’; FAD2-1b gene fragment was amplified from five transgenic acceptors soybean, it was used as forward arm and reverse arm. These target fragments were ligated to construct a double T-DNA with bar gene selection marker, promoter GY1 and FAD2-1b gene intron 1. Then double T-DNA was introduced into E. coli DH5α. The cloning of recombination plasmids was identified correctly by enzymes digestion and sequence analysis. The recombination plasmid was named pDT-FAD2I. FAD2-1b gene silencing vector has been constructed. This will constitute an important foundation for further development of FAD2-1b gene silencing soybeans and high quality soybean transgenic security.

  Construction of male sterility related atp6 and atp9 RNAi vectors in Ramie 2013, 29 (21):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3324 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 1879592KB )   ( 645 ) Defects in mitochondrial genes are the main sources of cytoplasmic male sterility in plants. Arabidopsis and rice have exactly the same gene sequence copies of atp6 and atp9 in nuclear genomes as compared to their mitochondrial genomes, but weather the nuclear copy is expressed has less been understood. On the other hand, Ecto-F1-ATPase is found on the surface of cell membrane, but the origin of its subunit genes is still unknown. This article cloned atp6 and atp9 gene sense and reverse fragments into pHANNIBAL, and then the expression frame was cloned into pCAMBIA 1300 to complete the construction of atp6 and atp9 RNAi vectors. The purpose is to study if defects of atp6 and atp9 can resulted in male sterility and to lay the technical foundation of genetic improvement in ramie

  Ultraviolet Mutation Breeding of the Antagonist Yeast Y1-3 Against Penicillium digitatum 2013, 29 (21):  144-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2130 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 1452938KB )   ( 607 ) In order to obtain one stable and more effective antagonist, Strain Y1-3 screened by our lab was selected to be an initial strain. One mutant strain UY5-22 which appeared the best inhibition effect against green mold on citrus fruits was obtained, by ultraviolet irradiation for 30 s. The strain UY5-22 grew faster than the initial strain Y1-3, and OD value of its diluted suspension was high up to 0.440 when cultivated for 14 h. In the experiment of acupuncture inoculation on citrus fruits in vivo, the incidence of green mold was reduced by 82.40% and 21.38% respectively compared with CK and initial strain. All tested antagonistic index of mutant strain UY5-22 was the highest.

  The Study of the Function of Polysaccharide from Sparassis Crispa (SCP) in Inducting Apoptosis in K562, THP-1 Cells 2013, 29 (21):  149-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3003 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 673175KB )   ( 692 ) The purpose of this paper is to study the apoptosis of K562 and THP-1 cells by SCP(Polysaccharide from Sparassis Crispa). With the MTT assay, the inhibitory effect of SCP on cell proliferation was studied. with acridine orange staining, the morphological changes on cells were observed. and with DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, the apoptosis of the cells was testified. The experiment indicated that, with the treatment of SCP, the proliferation of K562 and THP-1 cells was inhibited and the maximum inhibition ratio reached 46.57% and 59.82%, respectively. Furthermore, the typical morphological changes on the cells were clearly observed. Meanwhile, the agarose gel electrophoresis results exhibited the “ladder” strip shape. Based on these results, it can be concluded that SCP can inhibit the proliferation of K562 and THP-1 cells and induce apoptosis of them in vitro.

  Research History Outline of Microgastrinous Wasps and Progress of Application Study and Growth Prediction of the Parasitoid in China Luo Qing-Huai 2013, 29 (21):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3515 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 721016KB )   ( 647 ) The microgastrinous wasps are main parasitoids of lepidopterous insect pests in agriculture and forestry, and distribute all over the world. The research history, application studies and prospects in China was introduced briefly and summarized from several aspects, including biological characteristics research, pesticide resistance of different stages of the wasps, pest control test from the laborary and experimental plot to artificial breeding of the wasp on a large scale and release the parasitic wasps in field over large areas, attractant research and applicating tests of the parasites, etc. Through analysis and discussion, author forecasted the application research direction of the microgastrinous wasps in future. Some new ideas were showed in this paper, including mass rearing these wasps and use of them directly, research of attractant on trial, development and test of safe insecticides to parasitic wasps, exploration with application of multiple disciplines, etc.

  Application Potential of Plant Natural Products in the Control of Brontispa longissima 2013, 29 (21):  165-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3663 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 666825KB )   ( 662 ) Brontispa longissima is one of the most serious insect pests of palm plants (e.g. Cocos nucifera). There have been several studies on application potential of plant natural products in the control of B. longissima. These studies indicated that some plant natural products themselves or their derivatives exhibited significant resistance or attraction to B. longissima, so these compounds may be useful in the environmentally benign control of B. longissima. Principal findings of these previous studies were summarized and commented here, including the resistance e.g. insecticidal, antifeedant, growth and development inhibitory effects, as well as the attraction of C. nucifera leaf volatiles to B. longissima. The author pointed out that plant natural products are widely available, environmentally benign and exhibit great application prospect in the control of B. longissima. Therefore, further research is necessary, lays a solid foundation for the final application and promotes the development of green and efficient B. longissima control measures.

  Loop-mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）and its application in detection of plant virus 2013, 29 (21):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0240 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 588843KB )   ( 828 ) Abstract：Loop-mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP） is a new nucleic acid amplification technology with the advantage of high specificity, efficiency and rapidity. At present, the technology has been widely used in disease diagnosis, food safety testing and gene chip, etc. This paper reviews application of LAMP in the detection of plant virus and viroid, then discusss the problems and solutions which discovered in the process of application.

  Control Effect of Metolachlor 72% EC on Weeds in Sugarcane Fields 2013, 29 (21):  175-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3067 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 1687466KB )   ( 617 ) In this paper, the safety and control effects of different dosages of metolachlor 72% EC were evaluated in sugarcane fields. The results showed that, pre-emergence application of metolachlor 72% EC with 1500 mL/hm2 and 1950 mL/hm2 after large earth-up in late May to early June could effectively control the weeds, control effects on mono- and dicotyledonous weeds were greater than 95.1% after a 20-day treatment, more than 92.0% after a 40-day treatment on weeds number, while over 93.9% on fresh weight of weeds after a 40-day treatment. The control efficiencies of metolachlor 72% EC treatment at a dosage of 1950 mL/hm2 after 40 days of treatment were 95.7% and 94.9% on mono- and dicotyledonous weeds number, respectively, and 95.5% on fresh weight of weeds. Observation was also suggested that application of metolachlor 72% EC was safety to sugarcane.

  Identification and Comparision of Root-knot Nematodes from Four Hosts in Anhui 2013, 29 (21):  179-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2993 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 2082469KB )   ( 633 ) To identify root-knot nematodes (RKN) isolated from Trichosanthes kirilowii , Platycodon grandiflorum , Basella rubra ,Buxus sinica in Anhui Province, compared morphological differences among RKN population, and applied morphological method and esterase isozymes characteristic striped analysis method to identify RKN populations. The results of morphological observation and esterase isozymes characteristic striped analysis showed RKN onT. kirilowii, P. grandiflorum , B. rubra wereMeloidogyne incognita. The morphological observation showed RKN onB. sinica wasM. incognita suspected kinds, this result was confirmed by esterase isozymes characteristic striped analysis.M. incognita onB. rubra andM. incognita onB. sinica were new species in Anhui Province. The results of the study were basis for RKN disease control in the local area, the research of physiological differentiation ofM. incognita and the relationship between the population and host.

  Indoor Bioactivity of Methyl Palmitate Acting on Phytophagous Mites and Synergetic Effect of Industrial Methyl Palmitate Mixed with Silwet L-77 2013, 29 (21):  184-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2518 Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 543540KB )   ( 579 ) In order to investigate the indoor biological activity and practical application value of methyl palmitate，the bioactivity of phytophagous mites contacting with methyl palmitate were studied. Methyl palmitate was demonstrated to have acaricide and repellent effect on adult carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus. There were synergetic effects of the industrial methyl palmitate and Silwet L-77 on contacting adult T. cinnabarinus. The better paired compounding between methyl palmitate and Silwet L-77 were 8 mg/mL×200 μL/L, 5mg/mL×400 μL/L and 8mg/mL×400 μL/L. These mixing ratio would provided evidence for acaricide production.

  Effect of Baking Conditions in Leaf Tissue Structure of Flue-cured Tobacco ‘KRK26’ 2013, 29 (21):  188-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3893 Abstract + ( 799 )   PDF ( 1534089KB )   ( 680 ) The leaves tissue structure of flue-cured tobacco ‘KRK26’ were studied by microscopic observation with there curing techniques “Zimbabwe cured”, “three phase drying cured” and “quality and aroma cured”. The result showed that: (1) With the three kinds of curing techniques, the leaf thickness, palisade tissue, spongy tissue of the flue-cured tobacco were gradually shrink, and there were small changes in the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, because of different curing techniques, the tissue structure shrinkage peak performance showed different characteristics: a contraction peak of leave thickness. (2) Under the different curing techniques, and with the curing time lengthening that stoma ports of all samples had the obvious deformation, and the changes from closed to opened and then closed again of the stomas of lower epiderm of the central leaves of flue-cured tobacco were observed. (3) “Quality and aroma cured” technique, at the cured 84 h, the integrity of leaves tissue structural was better than the other two cured techniques. Dry ball temperature was (42±1)℃, wet ball temperature was (36±1)℃, maintained dry wet ball temperature difference was 6-8℃.

  Effect of Different Materials on the Physicochemical Property and Sensory Quality of Black Tea Cream 2013, 29 (21):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0356 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 630248KB )   ( 698 ) This study aimed to explore factors influencing the effects of different materials on the physicochemical property and sensory quality of black tea cream. Moreover, improve the black tea cream quality. The three kinds of tea cream (Keemun-Maofeng black tea, Sichuan-Mengding black tea, Fengqing-Dianhong black tea) was prepared by using enzyme treatment and vacuum concentration methods, and its major physicochemical property and active substance and sensory quality were analyzed. The results showed that the content of soluble protein, TF, caffeine, catechins, GC, EGC and EGCG of the Sichuan-Mengding black tea cream higher than other tea cream. The Fengqing-Dianhong black tea cream content of TR and soluble sugar was higher; the content of catechins content was relatively low. The content of nutrient and active substance on Keemun-Maofeng black tea cream were between Sichuan-Mengding and Fengqing-Dianhong black tea cream. Therefore, Sichuan-Mengding black tea was the most suitable for tea cream processing raw materials. The a value, b value, △E, Cab and Sab value correlation coefficient was higher by chromatic aberration. It can better reflect the liquor color and sensory score of black tea cream. It used as black tea cream quality measure.

  Fresh Edible Vegetables Pesticide Residues Acute Dietary Risk Assessment on Human Health 2013, 29 (21):  200-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0382 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 484144KB )   ( 841 ) 【Objective】The pesticide application level of the producers of vegetables was lower, so caused the consumer to accidental ingestion possibility of containing high concentrations of pesticide residues increase. 【Methods】In the range of ARfD made by JMPR, the paper adopted 24 pesticide residue data of 6 kinds of fresh edible vegetables, which belonged to the provincial routine detection from 2008 to 2011 in Pingliang city of Gansu Province, applicated acute dietary risk assessment calculation method of JMPR, conducted acute dietary risk assessment.【Results】The risk probability of fenpropathrin and omethoate in cucumber was 0.2069, 0.0143;the risk probability of fenpropathrin in tomato was 0.0714; the risk probability of dichlorvos and fenpropathrin in Chinese cabbage was 0.0417; the risk probability of dichlorvos, acephate, fenpropathrin in cabbage were 0.0930, 0.0385, 0.0370; the risk probability of fenpropathrin in green peppers was 0.0217; the risk probability of dichlorvos in long pepper was 0.0526.【Conclusion】The 4 kinds of pesticides which contained fenpropathrin, omethoate, dichlorvos, acephate had acute dietary risk, else had no acute dietary risk.

  Fractional precipitation and purification of Kadsura marmorata polysaccharides 2013, 29 (21):  206-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3082 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 660531KB )   ( 680 ) In order to obtain the monomer of polysaccharide from kadsura marmorata polysaccharides (KPS). KPS were fractionally precipitated by the different concentration ethanol. The polysaccharide monomers were separated through Sephadex column chromatography and NaHCO3 solution gradient elution. The content of sugar and absorbance value of eluant component were detected by anthrone-vitriol colorimetric method. The results of fractionally precipitation showed that five fractional polysaccharides, which named KPSⅠ~Ⅴ, and the content of sugar was 76.51 %, 78.36%, 95.13%, 92.41%, 88.35%, respectively. The results of separation by Sephadex column chromatography showed that KPSⅡ, KPSⅢ and KPSⅤ contained the single molecular weight polysaccharide, respectively. However, KPSⅠ and KPSⅣ contained the different molecular weight polysaccharides, respectively. Those polysaccharide monomers, which included KPSⅠ-1, KPSⅡ-1, KPSⅢ-1, KPSⅣ-6 and KPSⅤ-1 separated by Sephadex colum, laid the foundation for the further research chemical structure analysis of KPS.

  Studies on Extracting Ant Protein and Preparing the NutritiousLiquid of Amino Acid 2013, 29 (21):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3323 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 565949KB )   ( 615 ) Abstract: The optimum technology conditions are determined by using the method of extracting ant protein by alkali and hydrolyzing ant protein by single protease. The degreased and dry ants are solubilized by diluent alkali. The optimum technical conditions of solubility are alkali consistence 1.5%, temperature 80℃ and solid—liquid tatio 1∶20, which extracting ratio is up to 18.82%. After hydrolyzed by neutral protease, trypsin and pancreatin, respectively, it shows that the result hydrolyzed by trypsin is better and the optimum hydrolysis conditions are pH 8.0 ,enzyme 2.0% and solid—liquld ratio 1: 7.5 at 40℃ for 5h, which hydrolysis ratio is up to 19.28%. It is concluded that the extracting ratio with single protease is higher.

  Influence Factors to Cooling Process of Bread 2013, 29 (21):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0834 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 973146KB )   ( 718 ) In order to study the influencing factors on the cooling process of bread, studied on the influence from air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed on bread cooling time with the single factor test. On base of the single factor experiment, mathematical model was established with combination design center of the response surface method, analyzed the validity of the model and get the optimum conditions with the model. The results showed that, the optimum conditions of bread cooling was air temperature 20℃, relative humidity 70%, wind speed 3.8 m/s, the cooling time was 35.8 min under this condition. The fitting degree with the mode was high.