Abstract: To identify root-knot nematodes (RKN) isolated from Trichosanthes kirilowii , Platycodon grandiflorum , Basella rubra ,Buxus sinica in Anhui Province, compared morphological differences among RKN population, and applied morphological method and esterase isozymes characteristic striped analysis method to identify RKN populations. The results of morphological observation and esterase isozymes characteristic striped analysis showed RKN onT. kirilowii, P. grandiflorum , B. rubra wereMeloidogyne incognita. The morphological observation showed RKN onB. sinica wasM. incognita suspected kinds, this result was confirmed by esterase isozymes characteristic striped analysis.M. incognita onB. rubra andM. incognita onB. sinica were new species in Anhui Province. The results of the study were basis for RKN disease control in the local area, the research of physiological differentiation ofM. incognita and the relationship between the population and host.