Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.20 Published:15 July 2013

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  Research Progress of Grassland Feed-animal Balance at Home and Abroad 2013, 29 (20):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0962 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 595552KB )   ( 1154 ) Feed-animal balance is the key technique on the grassland ecosystem management, and attracts widespread attention in the world. Many studies have been conducted by former researchers, and most of their efforts were intended to keep the balance of feed-animal. However, there are still much more issue needed to be studied in details on the face of grassland degeneration and animal husbandry sustainable development. The author analyzed the feed-animal balance research progress, including the concept of stocking rate and its practical management techniques, especially on the stocking rate calculation methods. In addition, the social and economy effects on feed-animal balance were also discussed during the progress of improving the development of pastoral economy. In order to achieve feed-animal balance more effectively, it was concluded that the focus must be shift from only on animal number to the grassland quality, and it’s necessary to strengthen market tax control.

  Effects of Compound Acidifiers on Growth Performance and Gastrointestinal pH Value in Yellow-feathered Broilers 2013, 29 (20):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0147 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 497087KB )   ( 663 ) The experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound acidifiers on growth performance and gastrointestinal pH value in yellow-feathered broilers. One hundred and sixty one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates of 10 broilers each. All treatment groups were fed dietary acidifiers 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8% in the basal diet composed of lactic acid, citric acid and fumaric acid. The trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that pH value of glandular stomach, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, cecum and feed to gain ratio were decreased and average daily gain was increased by different levels of compound acidifiers. The pH value of duodenum and cecum at 42-day-old were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and average daily gain at 1-56 days was significantly increased (P<0.05) by added 0.8% compound acidifiers and feed to gain ratio at 28-42 days was significantly decreased (P<0.05) by added 0.5% compound acidifiers. It indicated that compound acidifiers could improve gastrointestinal pH value and growth performance in yellow-feathered broilers and the optimal supplementation of compound acidifier was 0.15 %.

  Different Restricted Feeding Programs Affect Performance of Cherry Valley Meat-type Breeder Ducks 2013, 29 (20):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0126 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 519420KB )   ( 645 ) To make the restricted feeding method for the meat-type Breeder ducks, a total of 800 cherry valley female breeder ducks at 10 week-old were randomly divided into four groups (T1-T4) with each group included 200 individuals, then these ducks were fed restrictedly to 20 week-old by four different ways. The effect of growing performance, egg-laying performance and hatching level were detected by four different restricted ways. The ideal restricted way was screened by comprehensive comparison. The results showed the average weight at 20 weeks age of T3, T4 was better, and the whole period growth curve of T3, T4 was close to cherry valley duck standard weight curve, and the growth curve of T2 was serious deviation from cherry valley duck standard weight curve. T3, T4 group had earlier first laying, and had highest average egg production at 50 week age, which were 140.2 and 140.6 respectively. The egg production between T3 and T4 was no significant difference (P>0.05), and other groups were significant difference (P<0.01). Laying peak period of T3, T4 had more longer duration than the other two groups. Feeding eggs pass rate, fertility rate, hatching rate were no significant among four groups. According to calculating the economic benefits, T4 group had lowest feed costs. The most ideal feed restricted way was T4 group for cherry valley duck.

  Analysis on Silage Production and Nutritional Quality in Different Forage Corn Varieties 2013, 29 (20):  17-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0417 Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 505733KB )   ( 862 ) In order to select forage corn varieties suitable for planting in Anhui province, silage production and nutritional quality of ten corn cultivars were analyzed. Results showed that there were significant differences in silage production and nutritional quality among the ten varieties. The ‘Yucao 3’ and YA473182 had the highest and second highest silage production, respectively. Although the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content of YA473182 was slightly lower than that of ‘Yucao 3’, the lactic acid (LA) content of YA473182 was significantly higher than that of ‘Yucao 3’ and had better fermentation quality. The contents of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein (CP) of YA473182 were significantly higher than those of the other corn varieties. Additionally, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of YA473182 were relatively low in the corn varieties, indicating that it had better feeding value. To sum up, YA473182 and ‘Yucao 3’ were the most suitable for planting and spreading, followed by ‘Ruide 2’ and ‘Yuqing 3230’ in Anhui Province.

  The Problem of Planting Grass for Raising Livestock and Seek for the Resolution in Qinglong County, Guizhou Province 2013, 29 (20):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1094 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 563626KB )   ( 591 ) Livestock shares a part of grain as feed source and lacks of green feed, gradually becomes a common problem in Qinglong County. The efficiency of the planting grass for raising livestock was significantly affected. Through representative investigation and analysis, the author proposed taking full advantage of the superior rain and heat conditions of Qinglong County, forming a system of agricultural area grass industry. The mode of year round forage supply was in order to improve the overall efficiency of grass industry. And grass industry system can produce huge economic, ecological and social benefits for Qinglong County.

  Study on Relationship Between Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Meat Quality in Minxinnan Black Rabbit 2013, 29 (20):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3831 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 570262KB )   ( 599 ) For the purpose of studing the relation between muscle fiber characteristic of minxinnan black rabbit and its meat quality traits,12 minxinnan black rabbits (male:female=1:1) were randomly selected and slaughtered at 70 days old, 90 days old and 120 days old, respectively. After then, they were measured for the rabbit longissimus lumborum muscle pH. And longissimus dorsal muscle and hind leg muscle were sampled to measure water loss rate, shear force value, muscle fiber characteristics etc. The results showed that, the rabbit longissimus lumborum muscle pH was 6.30-6.55, water loss rate, shear force value, diameter of muscle fiber, area of muscle fiber, density of muscle fiber of longissimus dorsal muscle were 38.52%-41.00%, 9.10-11.63 N, 34.67-42.28 μm, 879.15-1322.39 μm2, 332.10-419.09 piece/mm2 respectively; and that of hind leg muscle were 37.66-39.54%, 21.66-24.80 N, 33.05-35.90 μm, 807.39-958.00 μm2, 368.60-427.40 piece/mm2 respectively. Shear force value of hind leg muscle was much higher than that of longissimus dorsal muscle. Diameter and area of longissimus dorsal muscle fiber at 120 days old were obviously higher than that at 70 days old and 90 days old. Density of muscle fiber of longissimus dorsal muscle reduces with the increase of age. There were no significant differences with different age in diameter, area and density of hind leg muscle, which also had no significant effect on water loss rate, pH and shear force value.

  Effects of Isatis radix polysaccharide MPEG-PLA Block Copolymers Microspheres on Immunity of Mice 2013, 29 (20):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0466 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 552734KB )   ( 586 ) In order to study the effects of Isatis radix polysaccharide MPEG-PLA Block Copolymers Microspheres on immunity of mice. Mice were injected with the Isatis radix polysaccharide MPEG-PLA Block Copolymers Microspheres prepared in Lab and measured the blood routine indicatrix such as WBC and TLC, total IgG levels and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. The results indicated that the immune indices of experimental groups with the three dose were enhanced compared with the control group after injection 7days and 14 days, in the microsphere group, the effect of the EG of 20mg Isatis radix polysaccharide MPEG-PLA Block Copolymers Microspheres on immunity was the best, in the seventh day and fourteenth day , the WBC and TLC of the mice was (10.96±0.46), (11.03 ±0.35) and (8.73±0.51) , (9.44 ±0.42), the IgG level of the mice was (33.541±0.458) and (32.713±0.481), the phagocytic index and phagocytic percentage of the mice respectively achieved to (56±2.16) and (1.61±0.04). The Isatis radix polysaccharide MPEG-PLA Block Copolymers Microspheres could enhance the immune function, although the short-term immune function of the microspheres was lower than Isatis radix polysaccharide, but could achieve to long-term immune function.

  Effect of Transportation on Blood Biochemical Indexes of Goat 2013, 29 (20):  36-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4226 Abstract + ( 731 )   PDF ( 514498KB )   ( 613 ) In order to recognize the affects of transportation stress on animal health, we analysed goat blood biochemical indexes which may related to stress. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) was used to discuss the goat blood sample collected before- and after-transportation.The results showed that: the cortisol, super oxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, thyroxine and creatine kinase of goat blood increased, whereas immunoglobulin G decreased after transportation. But there were significant differences (P<0.05) in reduced glutathione, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulin G and there was very significantly (P<0.01) in haptoglobin after transportation. While cortisol, super oxide dismutase, thyroxine and creatine kinase increased no significantly (P>0.05) after transportation. The increase of haptoglobin, reduced glutathione and ceruloplasmin benefited to improve the anti-stress ability of animals in transportation. The decrease of immunoglobulin G could be result in the decrease of anti-disease ability and it was the main reason caused disease after transportation. The mechanism of immunoglobulin G decreased after transportation need further study.

  Research Progresson Geneticsand Breeding of Eriocheirsinensis 2013, 29 (20):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0384 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 577965KB )   ( 846 ) Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important part of Chinese freshwater fisheries. In the recent several decades, artificial breeding and breeding industry of the crab has been developed rapidly. As commercial value increasing, the mitten crab culture has been turned into a pillar industry of Chinese aquaculture. Many research achievements of predecessors have been reported on genetics and breeding of the Chinese mitten crab by the efforts of several generations. Thus, this article summarized the major consequents in some studies on molecular markers, sex control, anti-disease breeding and pedigree breeding in Eriocheir sinensis, and proposed some research prospects and urgent problems of genetics and breeding of the Chinese mitten crab.

  Study on Calculation Model of Carbon Emission in Low-Carbon Aquiculture——the empirical analysis with farms 2013, 29 (20):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1058 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 609782KB )   ( 741 ) The Copenhagen conference held in 21st Century has sounded the alarm for human environmental concerns, and various sectors of economic development and social activities of energy conservation is imperative in the face of the increasingly serious environmental problems. The carbon sinks fisheries, with a significant carbon emission reduction effect, should be vigorously implemented and developed. This paper is about how to make a questionnaire of the computing model of carbon emission of aquiculture and propose its research method, analysis the significance and effects which the carbon skin fisheries and the low carbon fisheries technology do to reducing carbon emission, design and make a computing model of carbon emission of aquiculture through borrowing ideas from the experiences and the methods of computing model of carbon emission of other industries, calculate the relative data such as the carbon emission and the compare of investment and production by using the relative data which collective by those questionnaires. Finally, we make the conclusion by comparing and analyzing the data. The sixth part puts forward some deficiencies of this study and the prospect of spending for the future research work.

  Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae Based on cfb and 16S rRNA Gene 2013, 29 (20):  52-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0331 Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 1048434KB )   ( 741 ) In order to explore the relationship among S. agalactiae from different area and host, this study had identified 25 Streptococcus isolates based on bacterial morphology, physiological and biochemical property, 16S rRNA and cfb genes, which from tilapia farmed in Guangdong and Hainan Province in 2009—2011. Meanwhile, by use of Modeltest 3.7, MEGA 3.0, MrBayes 3.0 b4, the 25 Streptococcus spp. had been carried out phylogenetic analyses with other 84 S. agalactiae isolates from different sources based on the 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that the causative agents of Streptococcicosis from tilapia of Guangdong, Hainan in 2009—2011 were S. agalactiae, which were classified into one group in phylogenetic analyses. These revealed that tilapia S. agalactiae isolates from Guangdong and Hainan in 2009—2011 have the same evolutionary origin. In addition, S. agalactiae from tilapia farmed in China, from Human of France and America, from cattle and swine of Japan were all clustered into one group with high bootstrap. Theses inferred that S. agalactiae isolates from different area and host had the same evolutionary origin, which also illustrated S. agalactiae from tilapia of China had potential zoonotic capacity. This was firstly to explore the phylogenetic relationship of S. agalactiae from varied source in China.

  The Double Logarithmic Model Analysis of Aquatic Product’s Consumption Demand in Shanghai 2013, 29 (20):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3537 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 692514KB )   ( 629 ) Abstract: In order to study Shanghai aquatic product`s consumption demand and measure contribution of different influential factors, according to data of urban household aquatic consumption per head, urban households per capita disposable income, urbanization level, aquatic product price index, succedaneum price index and consumer price index, make Shanghai aquatic products consumption data regression analysis with application of Eviews software. Then establish Shanghai aquatic products consumption demand mode which include urban households per capita disposable income, consumer price index and total population etc influential factors. Besides, by building urban households per capita disposable income mode, consumer price index mode and total population mode, We can make forecast on Shanghai aquatic products consumption by forecasting this three influential factors. Finally, make a conclusion that it is necessary that increase household per capita disposable income, control consumer price index, develop aquatic processing industry, strengthen building material flow system and reinforce quality control of aquatic product market in order to increase Shanghai aquatic product`s consumption demand and promote Shanghai aquatic industry developing persistently and steadily.

  Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Aquaculture at the Beach area of Jiangxia Tidal Power Station 2013, 29 (20):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3073 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 482451KB )   ( 539 ) This paper made an analysis on the current situation of tidal aquaculture at the beach area of Jiangxia tidal power station in 2011, including its cost structure, income level, and the major effect factors of economic benefits. This paper expounded the problems of the aquaculture at the beach area of Jiangxia tidal power station, and put forward some corresponding counter measures as well. The results showed that: Although the per capita income of fisherman to levels was much higher than the rural per capita net income level in Wenling City, the income was been gone up. The problems of the polluted water region and the eutrophication of water body had to be surmounted. Develop the traditional aquaculture, at the same time exploit the ecological fishery.

  Analysis on the Development Status and Countermeasures of Rice Industry in Guangdong Province 2013, 29 (20):  73-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2868 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 944532KB )   ( 1143 ) Guangdong is one of the thirteen major grain producing provinces. Its cultivation area and yield were ranked 9th in China and the rice production of Guangdong has a good industrial foundation at present. This paper analyzed the status of rice production and trade in the world, the situation of rice distribution and production in Guangdong, and also estimated the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to the rice industry. Considering the whole industrial development, there were some problems such as cost rising of agricultural materials and labor, declining of farmers' enthusiasm, low mechanization level, short industry chain and lacking of significant brands effect, multiple but without prominently dominant varieties, poor farming infrastructure and so on. Finally, this paper put forward several countermeasures for rice development based on the present situation of rice production and food security in Guangdong Province.

  Study on Development Status and Strategies of Organic Agriculture in Yangzhou, Jiangsu 2013, 29 (20):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3368 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 789159KB )   ( 882 ) In order to understand the development status of organic agriculture in Yangzhou of Jiangsu province, the study was conducted to survey organic matter, pH in the soil, rice yield with no fertilizers and distribution, scale and the types and yield of agricultural products in the range of whole city, but also investigated areas and benefit of a few organic agricultural zones. The results indicated that organic matter, pH and rice yield with no fertilizers in soil were 28.3 g/kg, 7.0 and 5760 kg/hm2, respectively. Total areas of organic agricultural zone were 2610 hm2, and the type of products included rice, vegetable, kiwi fruit, grape and tea, and benefits of the organic agriculture were 36.5%-113.5% higher than that of the traditional agriculture. It detailed the main technical measures, fertilization structures, and the problems of organic agriculture were described, moreover, the strategies were suggested to provide a reference for the organic agriculture in Yangzhou.

  Analysis of the Development Tendency of Two-oriented Agriculture in Hunan Based on Ecological Footprint 2013, 29 (20):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2869 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 526143KB )   ( 648 ) In order to calculate and judge level of the two-oriented agriculture in Hunan, and promote the optimization of agricultural planting structure, Basing on ecological footprint theory, the author calculated the ecological footprint and the output value of footprint of the main agricultural products in Hunan Province in 2009 from the perspective of the two-oriented agriculture. The results showed that: the output value of footprint of the main agricultural products in Hunan was different, output value of footprint of sugar and tobacco leaf had great advantage. Output value of footprint of cotton, rice, hemp, beans, corn, potato and oilseeds were on low level, while output value of footprint of wheat was much higher than others, which was the lowest. From the perspective of benefit footprint, sugar and hemp had high return and great economic benefits, while benefit footprint of wheat was negative, it was at a vulnerable position. By combining with the conclusion and agricultural benefit footprint ,the author analyzed the trend of the two-oriented agriculture of Hunan and put forward a model of optimization of planting structure and some recommendations following the principle of maximize economical and ecological potential.

  Study on Agricultural Functional Zoning in Yongxing County, Hunan Province 2013, 29 (20):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0229 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 686134KB )   ( 621 ) In order to speeding up the process of agricultural modernization in Yongxing County, to realizing the agriculture regional sustainable development. The paper grade evaluated agricultural resource condition, social development of rural areas, agriculture economic conditions. Screening out three kinds of index to constructed the index system of regionalization of agricultural function in Yongxing County. Using the principal component analysis and cluster analysis method, dividing Yongxing County agricultural function areas into the central breeding region, the north-central forestry area, the south-central agricultural areas, the eastern agricultural region and the western growing areas five agricultural function areas, meanwhile, described the resources characteristic of each function zone. Put forward the general orientation of agricultural development and the key advantages of industrial development model of each function zone.

  Problems and consideration on development of vegetable industry in Yunnan 2013, 29 (20):  101-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2829 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 498856KB )   ( 1357 ) This paper analyzed the positive opportunities, and main constraints for the development of vegetable industry in Yunnan, with the new round of the western development, implementation of strong province of green economy and bridgehead strategy, development of upland agriculture of Yunnan characteristic was highly valued. But there were also main constraints for the development of vegetable industry like exceeding pesticide residues, low net-head-rate, low quality, soil-borne diseases because of continuous cropping, etc. Then it advocated the improvement of the quality and achieves “quality, efficiency” was a must for the development of vegetable industry in Yunnan.

  An Empirical Analysis on Influencing Factors of Fujian Oolong Tea Regional Brand Loyalty: An Example of Fuzhou 2013, 29 (20):  105-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2815 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 562985KB )   ( 534 ) Based on consumer survey data in Fuzhou, the use of bi-logarithm model analysis affecting factors of Fujian oolong tea regional brand loyalty. Studies have shown that the sensory quality of Fujian oolong tea, popularity, drinking age and income level had very significant positive effects to Fujian oolong tea regional brand loyalty, but price, convenience, cultural environment had not a significant impact. And on this basis, some appropriate proposals were put forward.

  Empirical Analysis on the Impact of U.S. Technical Barriers to the Tea Trade of China and the United States 2013, 29 (20):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3328 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 572990KB )   ( 716 ) According to the related sino-american tea trade data from 1991 to 2010, influencing factors of export from China to the US was intended to analyze. Through the regression model of empirical analysis, it was found that the main obstacle was the technical barrier. What's more, the average price of Chinese tea and the total output also had a significant impact on the tea trade between two countries. In the part of discussion, this article proposed the policy suggestions that the government should improve the standardization system of Chinese tea management, and enterprises should improve technology innovation ability, standardization consciousness, and industry association should improve self-service work.

  Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Grain Subsidy Policies on Rice Farmers’ Productive Enthusiasm 2013, 29 (20):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0828 Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 554276KB )   ( 1347 ) Analyzing the impact of grain subsidy policies on rice farmers’ productive enthusiasm through studying 199 rice farmer samples from Zhejiang province, Anhui province and Jiangxi province. The conclusion is that grain subsidy has a positive effect on rice farmers’ productive enthusiasm, and bigger rice households have more productive enthusiasm. The paper reestablishes the theoretical model of farmer’ planting behavior, and concludes that farmers’ off-farm work has a positive effect on their rice planting production.

  Effect of Main Agricultural Disasters on Agricultural Production in Liaoning Province 2013, 29 (20):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2945 Abstract + ( 989 )   In order to study the distribution features of agricultural disasters in Liaoning and its effect on agricultural production, better serviced for agriculture. Based on the census data of crop yield from 1980 to 2010 and agricultural disaster from 1996 to 2005, the author probed the relationship between grain production and the main agricultural disaster (drought, floods, wind hail, frost and plant diseases and insect pests), as well as the temporal and spatial characteristics of the agricultural disasters in Liaoning Province. The results showed that grain yield took on a cyclical fluctuation accompanied by the occurrence of agricultural disasters in agriculture and there was a significant negative correlation (R=-0.52, P<0.01) between them. Agricultural production suffered severely loss in 1989, 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2001, in which years the affected areas by agricultural disasters was over 2.5×106 hm2 and the inundated area was 1.3×106 hm2. The disaster situation was on the alleviation from 2004 to 2008. The regions suffered more severely from the agricultural disaster were mainly distributed in west Liaoning. Among the regions of Liaoning Province, the agricultural disasters led to the disasters strength in west Liaoning, then north Liaoning, south Liaoning, central Liaoning and east Liaoning. Drought, flood and wind hail, consisting of 78% to 98% of the total loss nationwide, were the three major agricultural disasters affecting the agricultural production.

  Research of willingness of peasant households to adopt paid services of biogas follow-up management and influencing factors 2013, 29 (20):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0262 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 556431KB )   ( 604 ) From the angle of peasant households as service receptors, using the theory of reasoned action as the main supporting point, adopting the method of combination between a questionnaire survey and case interview, and using 7 sample villages throughout the country as the object, the adoption willingness of peasant households to the paid service of biogas follow-up management is studied and analyzed in this research.Some main conclusions are as follows: First, the peasant households had definite awareness and understanding for the paid services. Second ，the factors influencing included peasant household individual factors and environmental factors. peasant household individual factors: (1) the proportion of adoption willingness of peasant households decreased with increasing the householder age. (2) A significantly positive correlation was noted between the educational level of peasant households and the adoption willingness(3) A significantly positive correlation was marked between the income level of peasant households (4) A positive correlation was found between the cultivated land and the adoption willingness (5) Significant differences in the adoption willingness were marked among different planting structures (6) Significant differences in the adoption willingness were marked among different breeding structures environmental factors: (1) Significant differences in the cognition on biogas to improve environment function and the adoption willingness were noted among different peasant households. (2) Significant differences in the evaluation of peasant households for the service outlets and the adoption willingness were marked among different peasant households.

  Comparative study on the method of extracting straw cellulose 2013, 29 (20):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2862 Abstract + ( 1321 )   PDF ( 676489KB )   ( 1438 ) [Objective]:To identify appropriate methods for extraction of straw cellulose.[Methods]:Respectively use sodium hydroxide-acetic acid-sodium chlorite-acetone method, high pressure cooking method, nitric acid-sodium hydroxide method, sodium hydroxide -sodium hydroxide method, nitric acid-ethanol method and peroxy acids system method to extract corn straw cellulose, using heavy chromium acid potassium-ferrous sulfate ammonium method to determine the content of cellulose, with regarding cellulose content and needed time as evaluating standards, to elect the best technology for extraction corn straw. [Conclusions]: High pressure steaming and nitric acid-alcohol method are superior, for they are simply operated, and has a high speed and high yield advantage. High pressure cooking method for the extraction of cellulose has large output and is suitable for industrial production needs,while nitric acid-ethanol method has small production , but its content is high,so it applies to research institutes and relevant departments.

  Investigation and Preliminary Screening of Energy Grass Resource in Tropical and Subtropical Regions of China 2013, 29 (20):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3899 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 561929KB )   ( 587 ) According to self-made standard of “herb, tall, perennial, tufted, strong adaptability, tropical or (and) subtropical distribution”, by referring to the references and specimen, 64 kinds of cellulosic energy grasses were screened out. They belonged to 31 genera of 8 families. In their field investigation to the tropical and subtropical regions of our country, only 12 species had been observed with more than one thousand square meters of natural populations and plants height more than 1.5 m, which were Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus floridulus, Saccharum arundinaceum, Triarrhena lutarioriparia, Narenga porphyrocoma, Pennisetum purpureum, Saccharum spontaneum，Arundo donax, Phragmites communi, Sorghum nitidum, Eulaliopsis binata and Sorghum propinquum. All of them were introduced and cultivated. Among these 12 species, Narenga porphyrocoma, Saccharum spontaneum，Phragmites communi and Eulaliopsis binata grew not good, but the others grew very well, which can be used as further screening study object.

  Application of Regression Kriging on the Spatial Prediction of Total Soil Nitrogen 2013, 29 (20):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2473 Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 1235219KB )   ( 732 ) Precisely knowing the spatial distribution and variation of soil nutrient is the premise for ecological & environmental protection, rational fertilization and precision agriculture. Ordinary kriging, a method based on regionalized variable theory, was widely used in the research of soil science, such as soil mapping, prediction, etc., but the method heavily depended on quality and number of data and ignored the effect of environmental factors which were very closed to soil nutrient, hence, the method had some defects on prediction of soil properties. Compared with ordinary kriging, regression kriging, which could use many auxiliary environmental variables, was used in the study for interpolating total soil nitrogen and its mapping. The mapping effects and accuracy of interpolation by the two methods were also evaluated. The results showed regression kriging could fully employ easily acquired auxiliary variables, and the prediction accuracy of regression kriging was greatly improved by compared with ordinary kriging. The map interpolated by regression kriging was more realistic and reflected the details of the total soil nitrogen patterns impacted by the environmental factors in nature and the map was more continuous in transition and less affected by extreme sample values. The map interpolated using regression kriging was more accord with soil total nitrogen distribution in nature. Regression kriging method was eligible for prediction and mapping those soil properties which had explicit relation with environmental factors, that was to say, these factors had better have a linear correlation or specific trend with soil properties.

  Study on Pb Tolerance and Remediation Potential of Lead-contaminated Soil of Ramie 2013, 29 (20):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0359 Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 648370KB )   ( 686 ) In order to investigate the Pb tolerance and soil remediation effect, a pot experiment was conducted to observe the ramie growth and variation of the heavy metal in different lead stress treatment. The results showed that, Pb processing of low concentration (≤ 800 mg/kg) could promote the growth of ramie, its plant height, stem diameter and biomass showed the tendency to increase, but the 500 mg/kg stress treatment was the best. Thereafter, the inhibitory effect became obvious with increase of the stress concentration and the growth indexes reduced significantly than the control to the highest concentration 2300 mg/kg, but it still completed the growth cycle, which indicated ramie had a strong tolerance to Pb stress. The lead content of ramie roots and shoots increased with the concentration increasing (≤ 800 mg/kg range) and the highest values were 173.59 mg/kg, and 92.31 mg/kg respectively. The largest accumulation amount of Pb in shoot reached 1188.36 μg/pot, accounting for 35.47% of whole plant. The Pb factors of bioaccumulation and transfer were 0.04-0.06 and 0.50-0.73 respectively. Thence, the lead enrichment capacity of ramie was limited, but it had better transport capacity. With a view of its well-developed root system and large shoot biomass, etc., it is still the desirable plants of heavy metal Pb-contaminated soil remediation.

  Analysis on Crop Straw Resources Status of Huaibei City in Anhui Province 2013, 29 (20):  153-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3963 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 530019KB )   ( 728 ) In order to take full advantage of the straw, we estimated the amount of straw and its nutrient contents in Huaibei City in 2011 by literature review and field surveys. The results showed that, the total amount of crop straw was about 1.705 million tons, in which the wheat straw, maize straw and soybean stalks accounted for more than 98% of the total amount of straw. The total nutrients were 43045.7 t and there were 15511.2 t N, 4696.8 t P2O5 and 22837.7 t K2O, the total value is about 188 million yuan. Therefore, straw returning can play an important role in alleviating the shortage of fertilizer and reducing agricultural invest.

  Analysis of Variation Characteristics of Agro-climatic Resources in Weifang City 2013, 29 (20):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3341 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 1594961KB )   ( 708 ) In order to maximize use of natural resources and reasonably arrange agricultural production in the background of climate warming, based on the meteorological data in 9 counties in Weifang during 1961-2010, and using linear climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and Morlet wavelet analysis methods, the agro-climate resources in Weifang were investigated. The results showed that: except for ≥20℃ accumulated temperature (AT), other boundary temperature ATs increased significantly, with a growth rate of 55.6-77.3℃?d/10 a. The precipitation between the initial and final date of every boundary temperature tended to decrease, but the decreasing trend was not significant. The interval days between the initial and final date of ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ and the frost-free period increased significantly by 4.8 d/10 a,2.6 d/10 a and 2.3 d/10 a. The mutation happened to ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ ATs around 1994, ≥5℃, ≥15℃ and ≥20℃ ATs arounded 1998. The precipitation between the initial and final date of every boundary temperature had no significant abrupt change point. The abrupt change happened to the interval days between the initial and final date of ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ and the frost-free period arounded 1991, 1996 and 2004. Except for ≥20℃ AT and precipitation between the initial and final date of every boundary temperature, there prevalently existed a period change of 6-year time scale for other boundary temperature ATs, and 6-8 years time scale for the frost-free period.

  The Effect of Climate Change on Climatic Production Potential of Vegetable in Beibei District 2013, 29 (20):  165-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3972 Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 886544KB )   ( 614 ) In order to maximize the current vegetable production, prompting vegetables sufficient supply and increasing farmers’ income, the author used daily average air temperature, precipitation, meteorological data from 1951 to 2010 in Beibei District, combined with Zhou Guangsheng climate productivity model, calculated the climate production potential of vegetable in Beibei District, on this basis, using linear regression, the mutation of MK, wavelet theory, and analyzed the distribution characteristics of it. The results showed: vegetable climate productivity of Beibei was rising, with periodic oscillation of 2-4 years, 12-13 years, the average annual vegetable productivity was 11412.11 kg/(hm2?a); vegetables climate productivity had obvious mutation, mainly dued to the impact of climate change in Beibei production potential of the pigment precipitation. To establish forecast model of vegetable climatic potential productivity in Beibei, the change trend of vegetable climatic productivity and the actual yield of vegetable simulation were basically the same, when the Beibei climate was warm and dry climate (temperature increased from 3℃, 10% less precipitation) and warm climate, the vegetables grew the most favorable.

  Climate Change and the Impact on Agriculture in Southeastern Anhui Province in 2012 2013, 29 (20):  170-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0193 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 757962KB )   ( 633 ) The impact of Xuancheng agriculture in order to cope with climate change, using the data of meteorology in Xuancheng in 2012, and agricultural disaster information, the adverse effects of the statistical analysis of climate change on agriculture in Xuancheng. The results showed that, average annual rainfall above normal by 7.6%. In addition to the Xuancheng negative anomaly, other counties as positive anomaly. The precipitation of April, June, July and October was less than normal. The rest of the month precipitation was above normal. Beginning of the mei-yu period and end of the mei-yu period was late, the average mold rain amount was less than normal years. The normal annual average temperature was slightly higher, high temperature days than normal years more 8 days. The major climate events from February 22 to March 23, the long cold rainy weather, and June 27 to 28, heavy rainfall in some areas, and the impact of Typhoon No. 11. Meteorological disasters caused serious damage to agriculture. However, grain and rape oil yield increased over the previous year, preferences on a normal year for climate.

  Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Beng Downstream River Water 2013, 29 (20):  176-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0721 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 561762KB )   ( 711 ) In order to establish the database for the distribution of the heavy metal content inside Beng River in the vicinity of Linyi Area, the author conducted the survey and analysis of the contents of heavy metals in Beng River. Through survey, using ICP-OES method for determination of heavy metals content, it was found that average content of heavy metals inside Beng River about Pb, Hg, Cr, As and Cd were 0.00423 mg/L, 0.07643 mg/L, 0.00127 mg/L, 0.04301 mg/L, and 0.00057 mg/L, respectively. River measurement results compared with ‘The Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water GB 3838—2002’, according to the single-factor index method, the single factor pollution index of Pb, Cr and Cd about the Beng River water was less than 1 and proved to be clean level. The maximum data value of the single factor index for arsenic within all water samples was 1.4788, the minimum was 0.5596. The integrated pollution index of arsenic for Beng River was 1.1180, confirmed minor contamination. The maximum data value of the single factor index for mercury within all water samples was 912.3, the minimum was 666.4, the integrated pollution index was 645.1. This showed that the mercury pollution was very serious.

  The Temporal and Spatial Climatic Characteristics and Risk Zonation of Continuous Rain Disaster on Agriculture in Mountain Areas in Wudu 2013, 29 (20):  181-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2569 Abstract + ( 777 )   PDF ( 1297710KB )   ( 569 ) In order to guide the farmers to arrange the agricultural production reasonable, improve the ability of coping with continuous rain disaster and insure increasing grain output and promoting peasants’ income. The author analyzed the data of continuous rain from 1971 to 2010 in Wudu District, and the conclusion was as follows: continuous rain mainly occurred between May and October, but the highest occurence frequency of continuous rain was during the summer harvest period from May to July and the autumn harvest period from September to October, which was the most harmful disaster and caused the most serious damage on agriculture in mountain areas in Wudu. Combined with data about population, farmland ratio, GDP of Wudu City, etc, by the utilizing ArcGIS software, the maps of the possibility of disasters are gained. Then, by overlaying and uniting of the background of weather disasters, the vulnerability of stricken things and compartmentalizing the hazard grade, the hazard attributions for continuous rain disaster were achieved. From the map, it was concluded that: the risk grade gradually reduced from the area at high altitude to the area at low altitude, and also from the southeast to the northwest. That was to say, the risk grade of continuous rain disaster was highest at 1600 m above sea level and in the area southeast, and the lowest risk grade in the area below 1300 m and southeast. The above research results were significative to guide the farmers to arrange the summer harvest and the autumn harvest agricultural production strict and reasonable, which could prevent and relieve damage caused by continuous rain.

  Calculation Analysis of the Relationship Between Rainstorm and Deposited Flood of Reservoir Daily in the South of Tongliao 2013, 29 (20):  186-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3379 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 595927KB )   ( 587 ) In order to evaluate the relationship between rainstorm and deposited flood of reservoir and provide the theoretical basis for removing danger and reinforcement of the large and small reservoirs in the southern mountainous area of Tongliao, the relationship of rainstorm and flood process daily was calculated by a simple approximate method, the author took the example of the largest medium-sized reservoir (Kong Kong reservoir). The results showed that: there was something about daily rainstorm and daily deposited flood of reservoir. The maximum flood peak discharge was calculated based on flood frequency. It had important guiding significance under the condition of lacking of information in the feasibility study stage or removing danger and reinforcement of the large and small reservoirs.

  The Review of Application and Standards of Near Infrared Spectrometry 2013, 29 (20):  190-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3657 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 564917KB )   ( 1241 ) Abstract: Near infrared is a kind of new and rapid spectroscopic analysis method, which has been applied widely in the fields of agriculture, food, pharmacy and petrochemical industry. It has brought great social and economic benefits for modern production. This article reviewed the development progress, the application in various industry, and its related standards of near infrared spectroscopic technology.

  Research and Development of Weather Risk Assessment Model Group for Wheat in Shandong Province 2013, 29 (20):  197-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3703 Abstract + ( 869 )   PDF ( 730068KB )   ( 599 ) To find out the weather risk factors that affect the wheat production in Shandong Province, and explore the relationship between the relative weather production and weather risk factors of wheat, the data of wheat yield and weather risk data from 1980 to 2009 on 120 monitoring stations in typical wheat ecological regions were collected. The statistical analysis method was used to carry out the correlation and regression analysis on the weather factors that lead to wheat yield reduction and the relative weather yield to confirm the factors that lead to the cold and frozen, drought and dry-hot wind etc disasters. The weather risk assessment model group of wheat in Shandong Province was built, and the system was realized by computer. The system analyzed the weather factors occurred during wheat producing, predicted whether there were weather disasters and estimate the risk. The system provided the government with decision-making basis to guide the agriculture production and formulate agricultural insurance rate, insurance subsidy, the lowest protective price of grain and the direct subsidy standard etc.

  The Empirical Studies of Hunan Agricultural Informatization Development and Rural Economic Growth Relationship 2013, 29 (20):  205-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4183 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 491014KB )   ( 588 ) In order to study the role of the rural economy in Hunan agricultural informatization, this paper used the 2000-2010 in Hunan Province agriculture and agricultural informatization index of output data, the indicators of agricultural informationization on principal component analysis to extract the information after two main factors in the scale and information technology Human resources with the agricultural economic output for the co-integration test and granger causality test. Results showed that, the Hunan Province agriculture informationization level and rural long-term stable equilibrium relationship between economic output and bidirectional causality, relevant suggestions were put forward according to the conclusion.

  A Study on the Campus Public Facilities: Taking New Campus of Shandong Agricultural University as an Example 2013, 29 (20):  210-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3725 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 645268KB )   ( 518 ) Public facilities design and construction in the new school of Shandong Agricultural University were used as the materials in the study. Some problems, existing in the construction of public facilities in the college, were found by Summarizing the previous research results and practical experience. The construction ideas under the new era background of public facilities were put forward and some specific design principles were pointed out via combining with a specific university cultural history and Refining college culture. In order to let the public facilities provide better services for university teachers and students, and cultivate students place identity and sense of belonging, we made a deep thinking through people-oriented, well-designed, heart-construction and reserve -development, We wish what we have discussed could have certain reference significance.

  The Study on Standard System Construction and Promotion Patterns of the Leisure Agriculture of Beijing 2013, 29 (20):  214-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3583 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 587319KB )   ( 675 ) After a rapid development in recent years, Beijing recreational agriculture has entered a crucial stage of adjustment to improve and needs regulation and guidance for all aspects about its development. Based on the analysis of leisure agriculture development at home and abroad, especially the development of Beijing, we constructed the leisure agriculture standard system for Beijing after data compilation and analysis, pointed out the most needed standards and brought forward 5 patterns to promote the standardization of the leisure agriculture. The results shows that, Beijing standardization of leisure agricultural development depends on the construction and perfection of standard system, which covers six types, seven function and six key points and should includes 59 standard with 36 items to be developed; 5 different models including government-led, association-led, cooperatives-led, and leading enterprise-led and demonstration park-led should be used to promote the standardization of Beijing leisure agriculture by giving directions by typologies, to foster the regulative development of leisure agriculture.