Abstract: In order to calculate and judge level of the two-oriented agriculture in Hunan, and promote the optimization of agricultural planting structure, Basing on ecological footprint theory, the author calculated the ecological footprint and the output value of footprint of the main agricultural products in Hunan Province in 2009 from the perspective of the two-oriented agriculture. The results showed that: the output value of footprint of the main agricultural products in Hunan was different, output value of footprint of sugar and tobacco leaf had great advantage. Output value of footprint of cotton, rice, hemp, beans, corn, potato and oilseeds were on low level, while output value of footprint of wheat was much higher than others, which was the lowest. From the perspective of benefit footprint, sugar and hemp had high return and great economic benefits, while benefit footprint of wheat was negative, it was at a vulnerable position. By combining with the conclusion and agricultural benefit footprint ,the author analyzed the trend of the two-oriented agriculture of Hunan and put forward a model of optimization of planting structure and some recommendations following the principle of maximize economical and ecological potential.