Abstract: In order to establish the database for the distribution of the heavy metal content inside Beng River in the vicinity of Linyi Area, the author conducted the survey and analysis of the contents of heavy metals in Beng River. Through survey, using ICP-OES method for determination of heavy metals content, it was found that average content of heavy metals inside Beng River about Pb, Hg, Cr, As and Cd were 0.00423 mg/L, 0.07643 mg/L, 0.00127 mg/L, 0.04301 mg/L, and 0.00057 mg/L, respectively. River measurement results compared with ‘The Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water GB 3838—2002’, according to the single-factor index method, the single factor pollution index of Pb, Cr and Cd about the Beng River water was less than 1 and proved to be clean level. The maximum data value of the single factor index for arsenic within all water samples was 1.4788, the minimum was 0.5596. The integrated pollution index of arsenic for Beng River was 1.1180, confirmed minor contamination. The maximum data value of the single factor index for mercury within all water samples was 912.3, the minimum was 666.4, the integrated pollution index was 645.1. This showed that the mercury pollution was very serious.