Abstract: In order to breed new pepper variety with yellow peel, pericarp color inheritance and its relevance with male sterility of Cayenne pepper was investigated using material of American highly self-crossing line, red color male sterile line and maintainer line. The result showed that the pericarp color was a kind of quantitative character controlled by a pair of allelic gene, and the red one was dominant to the yellow one. Character of sterility and color was independently inherited without any linkage, based on which the yellow maintainer line was chosen as recurrent parent to breed yellow male sterile line, thus “three line mating” was realized and theoretical foundation was build in yellow cayenne pepper breeding.