Abstract: In order to study temperature changes of the topsoil and ground surface small watershed in mountainous area of western Liaoning, the author analyzesd surface & topsoil temperature tendency and features of Jianping Hilly Region during crop growing season from 1959 to 2012, from the climatic point of view, by unitizing climate tendency rate analysis methods. It was shown from the results that: the surface and topsoil temperature difference was 2.2 ℃ between Jianping’s southern and northern region due to territorial factors, from April to October, the surface and topsoil temperature increased significantly, their southern climate tendency rates were 0.288 ℃/10 a and 0.248℃/10 a; their northern climate tendency rate were 0.309℃/10 a and 0.312℃/10 a. Unusual high temperature climate occurred after 1990s, and extreme cold climate appeared before 1980s. The transition range of southern surface and topsoil temperature was from 1981 to 1993, and the climate changed suddenly in 1994; the transition range of northern surface and topsoil temperature was from 1981 to 1996, and the climate changed suddenly in 1997. The results provided reference for minor drainage basin management, climate resources development, and reasonable arrangements for agricultural production in western Liaoning Mountainous Region.