Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.12 Published:25 April 2014

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  Research Progress on Cloning and Functional Analysis of Plant Height Genes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2014, 30 (12):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2617 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 568248KB )   ( 834 ) Plant height is an important agronomic trait in rice. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of molecular biology techniques, many previously reported and newly identified rice plant height genes have been cloned, and conducted in-depth functional studies. The results indicated that hormones had been playing key roles in regulating rice plant height, while gibberellin, brassinosteroid and strigolactones having the greatest effect. The regulation process involved hormone synthesis and signaling pathways and interactions between hormones. Meanwhile, other regulatory pathways also existed, which showed that rice plant height morphogenesis was a complex physiological process. This paper places functions of rice plant height genes as the priority, and introduces the research progress on this area in recent years at home and abroad.

  Research Review on Dry Matter Distribution and Its Screens Structure and Cellular Activity Relationships of Intersubspecific Hybrid Rice 2014, 30 (12):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2105 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 478409KB )   ( 430 ) Intersubspecific hybrid rice showed obvious advantages on the accumulation of photosynthetic products and varieties of hybrid rice and conventional rice, but dry matter conversional rate was a bottleneck between subspecies in high yield hybrid rice. In this paper, subspecies hybrid rice dry matter conversional factors (subspecies physiological characteristics of hybrid rice, cultivation practices, ecological conditions, morphological, genetic mechanisms, molecular biology) and other aspects were generally reviewed, and summarized the relative characteristics between the source repository and cellular activity factor of subspecies hybrid rice. Therefore, the necessity of the relative research was proposed in this paper on the subspecies hybrid rice dry matter partitioning and screens and cellular structure activity.

  The Research Progress About Plant Type Breeding of Rape 2014, 30 (12):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2082 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 448442KB )   ( 1143 ) This article described the research situation about plant type breeding of rape, sum up the main elements and study progress about ideotypes of rape. The plant type breeding of rape concluded before the blossom period, flowering stage, pod formation stage. Before the blossom period, the darker leaves, erect type leaves and higher dry -matter yield maybe the ideotypies of rape. In flowering stage, the ideotypies of rape may include the smaller petal area and larger effective photosynthetic. In the pod formation stage, light ventilation, larger pericarp and stem bark superficial area, stronger photosynthesis maybe the ideotypies of rape.

  Progress Research on Physiological Mechanism of Nitrogen Utilization in Plants 2014, 30 (12):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2175 Abstract + ( 641 )   PDF ( 479150KB )   ( 791 ) In order to see physiological mechanism of nitrogen use of plant, the main form nitrogen uptakes by plant roots as well as the significant meaning of nitrogen re- assignment were analyzed. The function genes discovered from model plant which partake nitrogen uptake by plant roots were summarized. Moreover, current problems and potential issue like inner physiological mechanism of nitrogen influenced by surroundings was not clear, studied species were not enough and so on were discussed.

  Research Advances On Immobilization Remediation Of Cd Contaminated Soils Using Clay Minerals 2014, 30 (12):  24-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2047 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 452739KB )   ( 806 ) Soil cadmium pollution has become a serious environmental and public health problem, which has gained increasingly close attention from people, using clay minerals remediation Cd contaminated soil was an effective technique. In order to promote the rapid development of remediation in heavy metal contaminated soil effectively, the paper summarized the influence factors of clay minerals in remediation of soil Cd, including the type, dosage and modification of clay minerals, and soil pH, degree of soil pollution et al, analyzed its remediation mechanism of adsorption and precipitation on basis of the study properties of clay minerals, results showed that remediation effect was good. Finally, the paper put forward the future direction of research in this field.

  Research Progress on Soil Nutrient Information Extraction Based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data 2014, 30 (12):  28-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2857 Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 479823KB )   ( 920 ) This paper mainly used hyperspectral remote sensing techniques to extract information progress of soil characteristics, discussed the current domestic and foreign scholars research hyperspectral remote sensing technology to obtain soil information, problems and outlook. Studies showed that: the application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in terms of analysis, simulation, evaluation and prediction of soil characteristic parameters promoted the usage of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in the process of remote sensing diagnosis of farmland soil, offering technical support in space distribution monitoring and the management of water and fertilization. Meanwhile the course of quantitative evaluation research was promoted and the application of remote sensing technology in scientific crop plantation and crop condition monitoring was realized. This, therefore, it provided precision agriculture in Xinjiang with scientific evidence.

  Research Review of the effect for Carbon Sequestration Under No-tillage Agriculture 2014, 30 (12):  32-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2255 Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 719350KB )   ( 641 ) This is a review article. The current study shows that no-tillage, also called conservation tillage, is the institution of tillage and planting which covers 30% of the soil surface with biosolids to reduce water erosion. The net gain or loss of soil organic C depends on the relative rates of C additions as plant biomass and organic residuals versus that lost through crop removal, microbial respiration and erosion. The elimination of tillage generally results in slower residue decomposition and a net increase in SOC. In contrast, a number of tillage dependent factors generally increase the rate of residue decomposition. Incorporation of residues into the soil increases their availability for loss through microbial decomposition. No-tillage increase the sustainability of agriculture and offset the release of greenhouse gas related to human action. The 50% release of CO2 comes about in summer. The research suggest that the average CO2 release quantity per year of no-tillage is lower than traditional tillage, the carbon quantity accumulated in surface soil of no-tillage is higher than traditional tillage. Additional benefits of continuous no-till management have been recognized including its positive impact on various soil quality parameters. Soils managed using no-till have improved soil structure, increased infiltration and reduced runoff and erosion. These improvement come about, in large part, as a result of the accumulation of organic matter at the soil surface. The authors pointed out that the further study on carbon fixation ability of soil should be enhanced, and the policy on no-tillage should be encouraged.

  Advances in Research on Marine Microbial Control Crop Diseases and Insect Pests 2014, 30 (12):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2030 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 506554KB )   ( 809 ) Because of a variety of shortcomings chemical pesticides in control crops diseases and insect pests, the human gradually invest in other areas to look for a new type of pesticide, requiring that the new pesticides have the character of strong disease resistance and small environmental pollution, etc. The new pesticides provide a new way to control crops diseases and insect pests from marine microorganisms. The article summarized that the research status of utilizing the marine microorganism to control the crop diseases and insect pests at home and abroad, selectively analysis the research status of utilizing the marine microorganism to control the diseases and insect pests of the rice, corn, wheat, vegetables, and fruit trees and so on, what was more ,the article has also discussed that the application prospects and existing problems of the utilizing the marine microorganism as a new type of pesticides.

  Study on Direct-seeding Technique in Seed Producing of Two-line Hybrid Early Rice‘Liangyou17’ DENG Hua-Bing 2014, 30 (12):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2117 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 518953KB )   ( 486 ) In order to study the 9771S hybrid seed production of two-line sterile line of rice direct seeding techniques of female parent, the high yielding two-line hybrid early rice, ‘Liangyou17’, which was bred with male sterile line 9771S crossing to the restore line ‘Zhongjiazao17’ by Rice Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University. The following aspects in seed-producing techniques of direct-seeding and transplanting were compared, which include the duration from sowing to heading, seeding amounts and lodging resistance, with female parent 9771S and male parent ‘Zhongjiazao17’ as materials. The results showed that, the cultivating method of direct-seeding, which with poor lodging resistance, exhibits higher yields, shorter duration from sowing to heading and more concentrated flowering period compared with transplanting method. The yield of ‘Liangyou17’ reached the highest for both direct-seeding and transplanting when the seeding amounts were 37.5 kg/hm2. Taken together, the female parent direct-seeding technique, which has the superiority of labor-saving and high-efficient, should be extended in large scale.

  Resistance Analysis of the Rice Cultivar ‘Lianjing 7’ to Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Disease 2014, 30 (12):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2161 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 630050KB )   ( 461 ) To analyze the resistance of‘Lianjing 7’against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, and find the linked marker with the resistant gene, the resistance analysis of‘Lianjing 7’, its parents and the F2:3 population, which derived from a cross between‘Pei’ai 64’, a susceptible variety, and‘Lianjing 7’, a variety with resistance to RBSDS, were evaluated using natural infection methods and artificial inoculation by scoring the disease rating. The result showed‘Lianjing 7’was resistant to RBSDD with the disease rate between 5.5% and 12.25% in all test. In the parents of‘Lianjing 7’, only‘Zhongjingchuan-2’was resistant to RBSDD. The antixenosis and antibiosis score of‘Lianjing 7’was similar to the susceptible variety‘Wuyujing 3’, so the resistance of‘Lianjing 7’was mainly caused by the resistance to the RBSDV. In the Lianjing 7/Pei’ai 64 F2:3 population, the disease rates showed a continuous distribution with transgressive segregation, it indicated the resistance of‘Lianjing 7’was controlled by polygenic. Finally, we got the marker RM287 closely linking with the resistance loci by BSA. To sum up,‘Lianjing 7’was resistant to RBSDD, and it acquired the resistance of‘Zhongjingchuan-2’. The marker RM287 should be useful for breeding new RBSDD-resistant cultivars by marker-assisted selection (MAS).

  Dynamic Genetic Analysis on Panicle Length for Grain-filling in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Two Environments 2014, 30 (12):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2124 Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 480632KB )   ( 537 ) To explore dynamic genetic mechanism of panicle length in rice, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and gene × environment interaction analysis were used to research panicle length from a RIL including 130 lines deriving from Milyang 46 and FJCD during grain filling. This research work was carried in Wuyishan City and Putian City, Fujian Province. 35 additive QTLs were detected in two environments, located in chromosome 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and contribution rates for phenotype variance were from 0.5% to 16.52%. We got 16 QTLs with significant additive × environment interaction effects, located in chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and most of them were minor QTLs. In Wuyishan, 1 pairs of epistatic QTLs was detected, and the contribution rate for phenotypic variation was 33.14%. This study aimed to reveal dynamic expression of QTLs controlling panicle length in rice under different environmental conditions, and benefited to rice breeding.

  Effects of Different Types of Cold Water Paddy Field Fe2+ on Physiological Activity of Rice 2014, 30 (12):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2192 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 855482KB )   ( 498 ) Physiological and pathogenic mechanism of iron toxicity in plants is the excessive accumulation of iron and iron compounds that induce a variety of active free radicals which attack membrane lipids, leading to lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. In excess under Fe2+ stress, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) of plants content increased with the anti iron toxicity are closely related. In order to study the response mechanism of rice by ferrous iron toxicity, a field experiment on the different types of cold water paddy field carry different concentrations Fe2+ on rice physiological activity, growth and yield. The results showed that: different types of cold water paddy field added Fe2+, the POD, SOD activity and the MDA content of the rice leaves and roots increased with the increase of Fe2+ concentration, the cold water paddy field (cold- water fields, muddy fields) environmental factors such as low temperature increased activity of POD and MDA content, decreased the activity of SOD in rice, the leaves and roots of rice in the cold water paddy field (cold- water fields, muddy fields) were damaged degree higher than the yellow clayey soil by ferrous; effect of Fe2+ on rice physiological activity is mainly manifested in the tillering stage and heading stage, especially the rice leaves and roots in the tillering stage are damaged more susceptible by ferrous; suitable Fe2+ concentration is conducive to improve rice yields.

  Effect of Rice Straw Returning to Field with Decomposition Improving of Soil Fertility and Increasing Production for Three Consecutive Years in Rice Planting Area of Fujian Province 2014, 30 (12):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2086 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 512722KB )   ( 562 ) In order to study the continuous straw counters-field rotten on paddy soil fertilizer production effect, with the method of fixed- point monitoring, effect of rice straw returning to field with decomposition of soil fertility and increasing production decorating positioning test in six typical counties of Fujian province for 3 years were studied. The results showed that compared with the foundation soil, each experimental zone of soil organic matter increased 11.3% and the density declined 12.9%, reached significant difference levels after rice straw to field with decomposition finishing 3 years in a row; Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, effective phosphorus, available potassium, slowly available potassium and cation exchange capacity increased respectively 17.3%, 12.6%, 12.7%, 21.6%, 37.7%, 5.2% and 10.1%, pH value change was not obvious; compared with conventional fertilizer (CK), after the season crop yield was 7.1% higher than that of the average, to increase production effect for potatoes (8.8%)＞lettuce (7.2%)＞rice (6.8%)＞leaf (5.5%). Rice straw returning decomposing not only enriching the soil fertility, and promote the yield and stable yield.

  Comparison of Cold Resistance in Winter Wheat and Index Selection in the South of Huanghuaihai 2014, 30 (12):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2237 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 504026KB )   ( 631 ) In order to choose the index of cold resistance of wheat, the comparison of the dead seedling tillering rate, percentage of withered leaves, leaf number, leaf length and width, plants erect, SPAD value, electrical conductivity was discussed among 12 wheat varieties in the field. The result showed that the dead seedling tillering rate was the reliable identification method, a signification correlation in percentage of withered leaves, plants erect, electrical conductivity with it was observed, the correlation coefficients reached 0.864, 0.609 and 0.578 respectively. Wheat variety with good cold resistance has lower percentage of withered leaves, electrical conductivity and higher creeping, which could be the index of cold resistance identification, although wheat variety with less leaf and higher SPAD value displayed the characteristic of good cold resistance wheat variety, little signification correlation existed, and uncertain relationship of cold resistance emerged in leaf length and width. Therefore, the three indexes as the direct target identification of winter wheat need further study confirmed.

  The Experiment of Wheat Planting at Different Elevations in Tianshui 2014, 30 (12):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2198 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 478661KB )   ( 623 ) In order to study the influence of different altitudes during the period of growth and yield of crops, by using the test method of planting of winter wheat in different altitude, 2012-2013 through at an altitude of 1600 m (mid levels area) and 1000 m (KU) of winter wheat planting test, on winter wheat growth period and yield factor analysis showed that, sowing date shifted to early 10 days at semi-mountain area than that of basin area. The days before the winter in both of semi-mountain area and basin area were almost same, but there was a big difference after reviving growth period in these two kinds of areas. The whole growth period of wheat in semi-mountain was 30 days longer than that in basin area. There was big difference of thermal time between the two kinds of area in tillering to beginning overwinter, beginning overwinter to reviving, jointing to booting, booting to head sprouting and head sprouting to flowering growth periods. The number of tiller and big tiller in semi-mountain area was over that in basin area. The spikelet number and dry matter in semi-mountain area was also over that in basin area. The theoretical and actual yield in semi-mountain area was higher than that in basin area. 2012-2013 winter wheat yield factor of half a mountainous area than in Hilly regions. This is related to vernalization stage of winter wheat winter temperatures, milky to maturity of the stay.

  The Cultivated Land Suitable Level and Countermeasures Research of Corn Under the Different Climate Years in Chongqing Area 2014, 30 (12):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2104 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 872842KB )   ( 996 ) In order to plan corn reasonable planting and land resources sustainable use for the future under different climatic years in Chongqing, the study based on demands of maize habitat and using cultivated land as an evaluation object at 100 m×100 m grid resolution, a suitability evaluation index system of spring in Chongqing was established. The index system includes 5 relevant factors from 3 aspects: topography, soil and hydrothermal. The quantity, quality and spatial distribution of suitable land resources for maize were assessed by means of GIS technique, integrated with correctional weighting-multiplication model and dynamic clustering analysis. The results showed that: under the three kinds of climatic years, the land suitability of corn in Chongqing was generally good, the highly suitable areas and middle-appropriate areas accounted for 70% or more, which could represent the level of the suitability of the study area. The acreage of the highly suitable grade of corn land was the largest in the climatic normal years, the smallest in the partial drought years, and mid to the partial wet years; the acreage of the unsuitable grade was the largest in the partial drought years, the smallest in the partial wet years, and mid to the normal years. According to the suitability rank of corn land under the different climatic years, aimed at the status and existing problems of corn land in Chongqing, the suggestions of corn land sustainable utilization were put forward.

  Influence of Drought Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Different Eco-types of Soybeans 2014, 30 (12):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2173 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 1018732KB )   ( 645 ) In order to study influence of drought stress on physiological, biochemical and yield of soybean, 22 different eco-types soybean cultivars were used as materials to test drought-resistant characteristics and physiological response in the conditions of pot experiments and field tests with normal water supply and water stress. The result showed that, among the 22 cultivars, ‘Jinda74’ had the strongest drought resistance and ‘Bianjing’ had the weakest drought resistance. Under water stress, relative water content, activity of POD and SOD, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate declined. The cultivars with strong drought resistance had a smaller decline ranges than the weak. The indexes were positively correlated with drought resistance, the correlation coefficient were respectively r=0.8455, r=0.9764, r=0.8776, r=0.9118, r=0.8803, r=0.8312. MDA content, relative conductivity and soluble sugar content increased. The cultivars with strong drought resistance had smaller increasing rages while the cultivars with weak drought resistance had greater increasing rage. These indexes were negatively correlated with drought resistance, the correlation coefficient were respectively r=-0.7847, r=-0.8726, r=-0.7025. Under drought stress, Pro has a very significant positive correlation (r=0.8117) with drought resistance, it had a larger increase in stronger drought resistance varieties. The results indicated that water deficit caused RWC in soybean leaves reduced, lipid peroxidation damage increased, MDA accumulation, RC increased, Pro and SS increased. MDA content was responsible for declining activity of protecting enzymes. At the same time, water deficit resulted in declining content of chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate and biomass. The stronger drought-resistant cultivars not only have higher yield under normal water supply but also get a stable yield under drought stress.

  Degradation Property of Plant-Fiber Tableware Made of Ramie Sticks 2014, 30 (12):  101-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2516 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 581508KB )   ( 763 ) Activated sludge has been used to study the degradability law of ramie sticks fiber tableware in order to learn the degradability of it, contributing to provide basis of large-scale production of the ramie sticks fiber tableware. The author used biodegradation rate to evaluate the degradation ability of polypropylene, filter paper, ramie sticks fiber tableware, pulp molding tableware and corn plastic tableware in activated sludge. The results showed that: during the testing time (28 days), the filter paper had the highest degradation, pulp molding tableware came second, the plant fiber was more stable than paper, its biodegradation rate was 60.59%; polypropylene and corn plastic tableware degrade little in the activated sludge system. Increasing the surface of ramie sticks fiber tableware and the ratio of activated sludge to ramie sticks fiber tableware could improve the degradation degree of ramie sticks fiber tableware.

  Optimization of ISSR Reaction System of Hemp and Elementary Screening of Primers 2014, 30 (12):  105-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2549 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 728260KB )   ( 630 ) The five factors affected ISSR reaction, including dNTP, TaqDNA polymerse, concentrations of primer, predegeneration time, annealing temperature etc., were tested to optimize ISSR amplification system by single factor experiment method for finding genetic diversity of hemp. The results showed that: the optimum reaction system in 25μL volume was dNTP 200μmol/L, template 1 ng/μL, primer 200 nmol/L, Taq DNA polymerase 1 U (2.5 pmol/μL), predegeneration time 3 min (94℃), annealing temperature 48℃. Moreover, 8 primers in 30 primers were screened out through the above stable reaction system. The repeatable and stable system was completely suitable to analyze the hemp genetic information.

  Study on Characteristics of Transgenic Bt Hybrid Cotton Variety‘Sumian 29’ 2014, 30 (12):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2526 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 754203KB )   ( 561 ) Through objective analyzing the traits of hybrid cotton cultivar‘Sumian 29’, provide the basis for making appropriate breeding strategies for for cotton breeders. Biological characteristics of‘Sumian 29’such as high yield, stable yield, yield components, fiber quality, and resistance were studied by the statistics software Excel and G-GE based on the cotton variety regional test data of jiangsu province. Regional tests from 2010 to 2011 in Jiangsu Province showed that seed cotton yield and lint yield averaged at 4185 kg/hm2, and 1737 kg/hm2, and increased by 10.6% and 8.5% respectively, when compared with control cultivar (Siza 3). In production test (2012), seed cotton yield and lint yield of‘Sumian 29’averaged at 4176 kg/hm2 and 1744.5 kg/ hm2, respectively.‘Sumian 29’had high resistance to cotton bollworm, and also resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt of cotton. All the fiber qualities achieved national standard III and above. Finally,‘Sumian 29’, the genetically modified cotton cultivar, was approved by Authorized Committee of Crop Varieties of Jiangsu Province in 2013. The study preliminarily dissected the mechanism of high yield, stable yield and disease and insect resistance based on the phenotypic data and will lay the foundation for the cultivar popularization.

  The Comparative Analysis on Economic Traits Advantages of Hybrid Cotton in South Xinjiang Region from 2005 to 2012 2014, 30 (12):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2146 Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 666744KB )   ( 538 ) This article researched to the main economic characters’superiority under high density planting of regional test strains and certificated varieties of the hybrid cotton in south Xinjiang of China, so as to provide theoretical basis for using hybrid utilization. This article used to the data of lint yield and fiber traits in regional test strains and certificated varieties of the hybrid cotton in south Xinjiang from 2005 to 2012, and analyzed them. Hybrid cotton proceed to start-fast develop-rapidly decline process at the high density of drip irrigation in regional test, the amplitude index of the number of bolls, boll weight and lint percent for hybrid cotton of regional test strains were higher than the conventional cotton. For the average lint yield, G. hirsutum×G. hirsutum cotton combination was a little higher than the conventional cotton, but the superiority was not remarkable. Fiber length and fiber strength was little lower than the conventional cotton, but the effect was not remarkable. The G. hirsutum×G. hirsutum cotton of certified varieties for the number of bolls per plant and boll weight were remarkable higher than the conventional upland cotton except the lint percent. But for the number of bolls per hectare, which was lower than convention cotton as much as 30000. The G.hirsutum×G.barbadense cotton was more excellent than G. hirsutum×G. hirsutum hybrid and conventional upland cotton for the number of bolls per plant, fiber quality, disease resistance and so on, but it was lower than the conventional upland cotton for the bolls weight, lint percent, average lint yield, it was below 27.0%, 11.3%, 7.0%, respectively. The hybrid cotton of the main economic characters’superiority were not obvious higher than conventional upland cotton, so it was necessary to study on strong heterosis of hybrid cotton breeding and planting patterns at the high-density in South Xinjiang.

  Molecular Assisted Selection for Insect Resistant Gene (BT) in Transgenic Cotton 2014, 30 (12):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2211 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 842979KB )   ( 564 ) To improve the selection accuracy for exogenous insect resistant gene in cotton breeding, nontransgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties and the transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties with single & two exogenous insect resistant genes were used to establish and optimize the PCR method for detection of exogenous insect resistant gene. Non-transgenic cotton lines and transgenic cotton lines were detected by Btspecific primers and SAD1 primers (an endogenous gene in cotton), the results showed that the individual in 40% of the transgenic plant lines has no expected amplicon, 8.0% individual in the non- transgenic lines GANG 197 has expected amplicon. This method can be applied to cotton breeding for exogenous gene detection and improves selection accuracy.

  Correlation Analysis Between Cotton NDVI and Meteorological Factors in Northern Xinjiang 2014, 30 (12):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1981 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 635849KB )   ( 621 ) The analysis between cotton NDVI and meteorological factors provides an important scientific basis for the timely and effectively to carry out the management work of cotton production. Based on MOD13Q1, rainfall, daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature during the growth period of cotton from 2000 to 2012, the author analyzed the variations characteristics of cotton NDVI and the effects of meteorological factors on cotton NDVI by using correlation analysis method. The results showed that: the cotton NDVI changed regularly with the growth of cotton, which increased rapidly and then decreased gradually. The correlation coefficient was small between the cotton NDVI and rainfall, and did not pass the significant test because the study area was irrigated agricultural area. The cotton NDVI and temperature strongly correlated, and the correlation coefficient was 0.7750-0.9500. Considering the correlation coefficients between cotton NDVI and accumulate temperature of different temperature types and their average values, the accumulated temperature of average temperature showed good correlation and stability with the cotton NDVI, the accumulated temperature of high temperature had little correlation with the cotton NDVI, the accumulated temperature of minimum temperature had a high correlation with the cotton NDVI. In short, the cotton NDVI could better reflect the cotton growth and had no correlation with rainfall, and the accumulated temperature of minimum temperature was one important factor for the growth of cotton.

  Effect of Deep Tilling on Soil Moisture Content and Salinity Content of Drip Irrigation Cotton Continuous Cropping 2014, 30 (12):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2246 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 705814KB )   ( 592 ) The aim was to discuss the effect of soil bulk density, soil moisture content, and soil salinity content of dirp irrigation cotton continuous cropping in different tillage depth before plant. For the typical of drip irrigation cotton continuous cropping, three different plough depth processes of 20, 40 and 60 cm were set up before plant. In the growth period, the above indicators were measured in different soil profile of different treatments, and its change was studied. (1) The soil bulk density along with the plough depth increase was down, among the surface soil bulk density more than deeper soil bulk density. (2) The moisture content of soil profile under three different plough depth process were 0-20 cm＞20-40 cm＞40-60 cm. Along with the plough depth increase, the soil moisture content of 0-20 cm was rose trend, the range of soil moisture content of 20-40 cm was not big, the soil moisture content of 40-60 cm was significantly decreased. (3) After the water, the soil salinity content of plough depth 20 cm was 0-20 cm＞20-40 cm＞40-60 cm, but with the plough depth increase, the soil salinity content of 0-20 cm was down trend, the soil salinity content of 20-40 cm and 40- 60 cm were rapidly rose trend, to plough depth 60 cm, the soil salinity content were 40- 60 cm＞20-40 cm＞0- 20 cm. 60 cm of supernormal ploughed for drip irrigation cotton continuous cropping could effectively reduce soil bulk density of plough layer, improve soil moisture content of 0- 20 cm, reduce soil salinity content, thus conducive to crop growth.

  Spatial Distribution of Water-stable Aggregates N and P Under the Long-term Fertilization in the Different Organic Matter Contents of Farmland Black Soil 2014, 30 (12):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2340 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 879749KB )   ( 609 ) Based on long-term soil removal method in Hailun ecological station, Chinese Academy of Science, it was studied for water-stable aggregate fractions, total N and total P in various aggregates fractions and their relationship under the long-term fertilization in the different organic matter of farmland black soil. The research helps to provide theoretical basis for influence mechanism of fertilization on the changes of black soil fertility. The results showed that the long-term chemical fertilization made the most important effect on macroaggregates fractions (2-1 mm), and its content increased by 1.94%-4.59%. Various aggregates fractions increased gradually with soil organic matter increasing. For different farmland black soils, the contents of total N and total P is the highest in macroaggregate fractions (2-1 mm), and the lowest in aggregate fractions (>5 mm, <0.25 mm). Soil aggregates (2-0.5 mm) had positive relationship with total N and total P, but soil aggregates (>5 mm, <0.25 mm) were significantly negative correlation with them. Soil total N and total P mainly existed in macroaggregates. The used chemical fertilizer might increase the content of total N and total P in water-stable aggregates, which is the effective measure for improving soil structure of farmland black soil and increasing soil fertility.

  Preliminary Study on Modification of Classical Method of Determining Soil Organic Matter 2014, 30 (12):  147-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2344 Abstract + ( 838 )   PDF ( 471386KB )   ( 651 ) Due to the low content of soil organic matter (SOM) on soils in the loess plateau, the classical method for determining SOM seemed to be inefficient, time- consuming and non economic. Totally, 69 soil samples with SOM ranging from 2.0 to 30 g/kg had been selected to test modification of classical method, which reduced 50% of digestion solution (K2Cr2O7-H2SO4) and kept other procedures unchanged. The results showed that SOM contents determined by modified method were comparable with those determined by classical method when soils had content of soil organic matter below 8.7 g/kg. With SOM content increase, differences of SOM content determined by two methods became larger and larger, and significant lower values determined by modified method than classical method were observed when soils had the content of soil organic matter above 15.2 g/kg. It was concluded that modified method could save time, more efficient and economic for measuring soils with low SOM contents, especially below 8.7 g/kg.

  Tendency of Soil Acidification in Southwestern Mountainous Region of Hubei Province——A Case Study of Xuan’en County 2014, 30 (12):  151-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2288 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 535011KB )   ( 476 ) In order to find out the degree and spatial distribution of soil acidification in southwestern mountainous region of Hubei Province. The author took Xuan’en County of Enshi City as a typical region to analyze the change tendency of soil pH value by comparison of pH data that came from the second national soil survey and the project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendations. The result showed that: the average arable soil pH value of Xuan’en County was reduced by 0.97 units, and the areas of strong acid soil (pH<5.0) were increased by 53.0% in past 30 years. The spatial distribution of soil pH in Xuan’en County had less change, but the pH of arable soil all declined in varying degree, the falling range of soil pH was the most in Chunmuying Village, and the least in Xiaoguan Village. The pH all decreased to various degrees among the soil types in Xuan’en County. Brown soil, psephite mountain yellow brown soil and quartzose mountain yellow brown soil had a large decrement of pH value, and limestone mountain yellow brown soil had a small decrement of pH value. The annual pH decreasing rate of tobacco plantation soil in recent 10 years was 2.75 times than the previous 20 years. Soil pH value was extremely significant negative with the total P and available P, and it might be one of the main factors of soil acidification to use a large number of acid phosphate fertilization in this area.

  Temperature Change Features in Ground Surface and Topsoil During Crop Growing Season 2014, 30 (12):  156-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2167 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 597074KB )   ( 584 ) In order to study temperature changes of the topsoil and ground surface small watershed in mountainous area of western Liaoning, the author analyzesd surface & topsoil temperature tendency and features of Jianping Hilly Region during crop growing season from 1959 to 2012, from the climatic point of view, by unitizing climate tendency rate analysis methods. It was shown from the results that: the surface and topsoil temperature difference was 2.2 ℃ between Jianping’s southern and northern region due to territorial factors, from April to October, the surface and topsoil temperature increased significantly, their southern climate tendency rates were 0.288 ℃/10 a and 0.248℃/10 a; their northern climate tendency rate were 0.309℃/10 a and 0.312℃/10 a. Unusual high temperature climate occurred after 1990s, and extreme cold climate appeared before 1980s. The transition range of southern surface and topsoil temperature was from 1981 to 1993, and the climate changed suddenly in 1994; the transition range of northern surface and topsoil temperature was from 1981 to 1996, and the climate changed suddenly in 1997. The results provided reference for minor drainage basin management, climate resources development, and reasonable arrangements for agricultural production in western Liaoning Mountainous Region.

  Comparison of Some Crucial Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Young Stems in Four Crops of Euphorbiaceae 2014, 30 (12):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2025 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 926834KB )   ( 644 ) Some crucial physiological and biochemical parameters including the carbohydrate and protein in the young stems of four crops of Euphorbiaceae with different cuttage ability were studied in this paper, which had great significance to explore the cuttage mechanism of Euphorbiaceae. The soluble sugar and starch content was analyzed by phenol method, the soluble protein content was examined by Bradford method, and starch distribution of young stems was investigated by paraffin section and periodic acid-schiff staining. The results showed that young stems of‘SC5’(Manihot esculenta crantz) (with a high cuttage ability),‘Clone1’(Jatropha curcas) (with a high cuttage ability), and‘WH14’(Manihot esculenta sub. spp. flabellifolia) (with a poor cuttage ability) had high concentration of soluble sugar, and that of‘SC5’and‘Clone1’had high concentration of starch, but that of‘Reyan7-33-97’(Hevea brasiliensis) (with a poor cuttage ability) had the lowest concentration of soluble sugar and starch in them. Young stems of‘WH14’and‘SC5’contained significantly higher concentration of soluble protein than that of‘Clone1’and‘Reyan7- 33- 97’. Periodic acid- schiff staining revealed that the starch in young stems of these four crops distributed differently. The cortex and phloem of‘Clone1’and the primary xylem of‘SC5’stored much starch in their young stem. However,‘Reyan7-33-97’and‘WH14’only stored a little starch in the phloem. These results suggested that high starch content in young stems of Euphorbiaceae might be essential in cuttage of Euphorbiaceae, and protein concentration in cutting stems of Euphorbiaceae might be not related to cuttage.

  Study on the Mechanism of Yield Increasing of Furrow Planting on Rain-fed Field in North Foot of Yinshan Mountain 2014, 30 (12):  165-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2439 Abstract + ( 622 )   PDF ( 640893KB )   ( 489 ) In order to improve rain-fed farmland water condition, crop water use efficiency (WUE), achieve high and stable yield, the soil moisture and growth condition of sunflower and potato were studied in different furrow planting measures in north foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia. There are four treatments: ridge film mulching and furrow planting (RF), furrow planting (FP), ridge tillage, (RT) and flat planting (CK). The results showed that, different culture measures increased crop yield and the order was RF > FP > RT > CK, and the sunflower seed yield was 3372.4, 2861.2, 2828.0, 2477.9 kg/hm2, and 894.6, 383.4, 350.1 kg/hm2 were increased compared with CK, the increasing rate were 36.10%, 15.47% and 14.13%. The yield of potato were 27302.5, 26051.5, 25835.0, 25330.0 kg/hm2, and 1972.5, 721.5, 505.0 kg/hm2 were increased compared with CK, the increased rate was 7.78%, 2.85% and 2.00%. The soil temperature 10 cm below the surface was RF > FP > RT > CK in all growth stages in potato experiment and in late June to early August and after middle September in sunflower experiment. The soil temperature in sunflower changed in different stages may be for the sunflower growth and soil water content changing in different treatments. The accumulated temperature was RF > FP> RT > CK, and was increased 162.6℃?d, 80.6℃?d and 35.8℃?d in sunflower experiment, and was increased 228.7℃?d, 58.7℃?d and 48.6℃?d in potato experiment compared with the CK. The crops’ leaf area index increased then reduced in whole growth period and the sunflower’s maximum leaf area index appeared in about 100 days after seeding, the potato appeared in about 90 days after seeding. The sunflower’s leaf area index was RF > FP > RT > CK in whole growth period, and the potato’s leaf area index was RF > FP > CK > RT before 90 days after seeding. The water consumption was most in CK and lest in RF and the order was RF < FP < RT < CK. The WUE was increased with water consumption amount reducing and the WUE in different treatments was RF > FP > RT > CK. In conclusion, the sunflower and potato yield were increased obviously by using these three rain collection culture techniques and the best was ridge film mulching and furrow planting.

  Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Cu2O and its Mixtures 2014, 30 (12):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2259 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 856125KB )   ( 593 ) In order to improving the antibacterial activity property of inorganic copper-based fungicides, Cu2O nanocrystal was prepared via a facile one-pot synthesis by the reduction of fructose in the paper. The sample was characterized by XRD and SEM. In addition, their antibacterial activity of Cu2O nanocrystal and its mixtures containing ZnO and methenamine were also investigated by inhibition zone method. The result suggested cuprous oxide presented active inhibition to Colletotrichum glecosporioides, Valsa mali, Cucumber wilt and Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici. The inhibition rate of cuprous oxide was more than 90% once its concentration was 0.5 mg/mL. At the same time, the better antibacterial activity to Colletotrichum capsici and Coniothyrium diplodiella, was reached when the mass of ratio of ZnO or methenamine and Cu2O was up to 1:2 respectively. The synergism was disclosed in our experiments.

  Application of Different Release Duration Control-released Urea Combined with Conventional Urea on Rice 2014, 30 (12):  176-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2218 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 462848KB )   ( 410 ) The aim to research the effects of control released urea and common urea on rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency, in this experiment effect of controlled releasing urea on rice production was investigated by adding different proportions of controlled release urea. The results showed that: in the condition of equal amount of nitrogen, the mixture of common urea and control released urea could increase 7.8%-20.3% of rice yield and increase 8.0%-13.2% of N use efficiency than only application of common urea. Taken together, the best ratio of control released urea to total N was 30%.

  Effects of Biogas Slurry on Wheat Yield and the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil 2014, 30 (12):  181-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2364 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 538953KB )   ( 526 ) To provide scientific support for the recycle of biogas slurry, we investigated the effects of biogas slurry on the grain quality, grain yield of wheat and soil properties under the field experimental conditions, using‘Yangmai 16’as the experiment material. The results showed that biogas slurry could increase tiller number, percentage of earbearing tiller, compared with no biogas treatment (CK). In addition, the contents of chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation had a corresponding increase with the increase of the application rates of biogas slurry. With application rates of biogas slurry increasing, soil bulk density had a decline tendency but porosity was increased. Among all treatments, the soil bulk density of TR5 (biogas slurry of 60000 kg/hm2 + Urea of 150 kg/hm2) and TR6 (biogas slurry of 75000 kg/hm2 + Urea of 150 kg/hm2) had reached 1.0 g/cm3. The biogas slurry could significantly increase soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, with the largest rate of rise 15.29% for total nitrogen, 34.55% for available phosphorus, and 16.18% for slowly available K, respectively. Biogas fertilizer with 60000 kg/hm2 had the highest yield, reaching 6525.00 kg/hm2, 6.5% higher than the yield of control treatment. The application rates of biogas slurry ranged from 60000 kg/hm2 to 75000 kg/hm2 had the best value for spreading.

  Effect of Different Application Rates of N and K Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Spring Wheat Under Drip Irrigation 2014, 30 (12):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2297 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 737821KB )   ( 838 ) Field experiment was conducted to study the optimum application rate of N and K fertilizer on the growth and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation in an arid area of Northwest China. Four nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0, 80, 160, 240 kg/hm2) and four potassium fertilizer treatments (0, 88, 176, 264 kg/hm2) were set up. The results showed that, increasing application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer at low level could promote the growth of spring wheat to some extent, but overuse of fertilizer might inhibit its growth. The combination of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer could increase the yield of spring wheat significantly. The average yield in N0 treatments was 5813 kg/hm2. In contrast, the average yield in N1 treatments was 6563 kg/hm2, which was 10.6%- 15.3% higher compared to the control treatment. The average yield in N2 treatments was 7025 kg/hm2 which was 19.1%-22.5% higher compared to the control treatment under identical potassium fertilizer (K2O 176 kg/hm2) and phosphatic fertilizer (P2O5 60 kg/hm2) level. There was no significant difference in yields among treatments under different potassium fertilizer levels. However, there was moderate increase of yield with increase of K fertilizer which present parabolic trend under identical N and P level. The optimal application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers under drip irrigation was recommended primarily as N 150-160 kg/hm2 and K2O 88 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Quality of ‘Zhenmai168’ 2014, 30 (12):  193-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2062 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 505374KB )   ( 509 ) In order to provide fertilizer application on a large scale for‘Zhenmai168’and the same types of wheat,‘Zhenmai168’, a strong gluten wheat as material. This experiment treatment applied in two factor randomized block design. The objective of the paper is to study high yield and grain quality characters by nitrogen topdressing. Results indicated that, after applied the same amount of base fertilizer, in certain extent, yield, content of protein, wet gluten content and dough stability time are just like a parabola. With the equal N application rate, there was a significant effect of yield-increasing due to nitrogen topdressing for‘Zhenmai168’at the jointing stage, and the average yield increased by 19.4% over the control. Nitrogen fertilizer with a rate of 112.5 kg/hm2 resulted in the most significant yield improvement, with growth mass of 1853.7 kg/hm2 than the control as high as 34.3% , meanwhile, crude protein content, wet gluten content, dough stability time, sedimentation value and unit weight. In a word, under this ecological conditions in south areas of Jiangsu Province, nitrogen fertilizer application of 112.5 kg/hm2 during the jointing stage will be nitrogen strategies technique with high yield and efficiency.

  Effect of Ridge culture on Barley Yield and Quality 2014, 30 (12):  198-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2224 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 509133KB )   ( 617 ) This paper discussed the effects of ridge culture on barley yield and quality under the condition of equal amounts of irrigation. The results showed that: (1) the ridge culture growth period was longer, ear number per was lower and economic coefficient was higher than the traditional culture cultivation, there were differences between varieties plant height, spike grain number and yield. (2)Quality of the barley: compared with traditional culture cultivation, ridge culture’s thousand seed weight, protein content, screening rate were reduced. There were no significant differences between ridge culture and traditional culture cultivation in the grain per spike, but protein content was significant and screening rate was extremely significant differences. (3) Malt quality: malt protein content was lower than traditional culture cultivation. There were no significant differences between malt powder extract,α- amino nitrogen,β- glucanase, a- amylase, diastatic power and soluble nitrogen. Malt Kolbach index was significant differences between varieties, but the impact trend.

  Response of Material Production Character to N-application Levels in High Planting Density of Four Spring Maize 2014, 30 (12):  203-208.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2090 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 719623KB )   ( 456 ) In order to explore the density of spring maize under the condition of material production performance response to nitrogen levels, as the research area of nitrogen nutrient management provide theoretical guidance for high yield and benefit. To study the four local main varieties of high yield of spring maize material production character response to N-application levels under the density of 82500 plants/hm2, the experiment was conducted in experimental station in Inner Mongolia University for nationalities in 2012. The results showed that the yields of 4 varieties in N2 (300 kg/hm2) was the highest, the level of nitrogen fertilization ‘Weike 702’, ‘Xianyu 335’, ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Jinshan 27’ respectively than N0 (CK) increased by 25.9%, 24.8%, 14.1% and 11.1%. Leaf area index of four varieties and photosynthetic potential increased with the increase of nitrogen level, all with the growth process is the single peak curve; Max accumulation rate of dry matter and the max accumulation in N2 treatment was the highest, CK was the lowest. The economic coefficient in N2 treatment was the highest in the same varieties under different nitrogen application levels; the economic coefficient of each species to ‘Weike 702’ iwas the largest in the same nitrogen level.

  Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Maize Yield and Soil Physical and Chemical Characters of Maize Field 2014, 30 (12):  209-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2019 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 560804KB )   ( 448 ) In order to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil of physicochemical properties and maize yield and economic benefit, the paper made the comparison of different factors among three tillage methods including conventional tillage, conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field and no- tillage with mechanical stubble breaking. The results showed that, the emergence rate, soil water content of different soil layers, maize yield traits, maize yield, total income and pure income of conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field and no-tillage with mechanical stubble breaking were all higher than the conventional tillage, the emergence rate of conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field and no-tillage with mechanical stubble were 3.3% and 7.8% higher than that of the conventional tillage, the soil water content of different soil layers and soil available nutrient content showed no- tillage with mechanical stubble breaking＞conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field＞conventional tillage. The maize yield of no- tillage with mechanical stubble breaking and conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field were 9.01% and 3.23% higher than that of conventional tillage, the pure income increased by 4305 yuan/hm2 and 1965 yuan/hm2, and higher than 36.98% and 17.65% than that of the conventional tillage. This indicated that no-tillage with mechanical stubble breaking was the best tillage methods, and conventional sowing with shallow rotary tillage and stubble remaining in field was better than the conventional tillage.

  Research of Relativity Between Main Traits of Leaves and Yield and Protein of ‘Hefeng No.55’ Soybean Under Different Nitrogen Treatment 2014, 30 (12):  214-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2014 Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 440923KB )   ( 475 ) In order to research the relativity between main traits of leaves and protein and yield of soybean under different nitrogen treatment, the experiment took ‘Hefeng No.55’, a variety of soybean, as the experimental material, established four different N treatments and measured its leaf area index and the content of chlorophyll and protein content at five different growing period after flowering. The results of the test showed that: the main leaf traits had the closely positive relativity with yield in R1-R7. The relativity leaf area index of every N fertilizer treatments at every periods, and yields attained remarkable even more remarkable level. The relativity between leaf area index and yield reached remarkable level at R1 period and R5 period and the average of all growing period, and the relativity between leaf area index and yield at R6 period R7 period reached more remarkable level. The relativity between yield and the content of chlorophyll reached remarkable level at the period of R5 and R6 and the average of all growing period; the relativity between of yield and protein reached negative correlation, and reached remarkable negative correlation at late growth period.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Nitrogen Metabolism, Nodule Growth and Yield of Peanut Variety‘Ganhua 7 hao’ 2014, 30 (12):  218-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2254 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 590318KB )   ( 413 ) To assess the effects of different N application levels on nitrogen metabolism and growing development of high quality edible-type and small grain peanut (‘Ganhua 7 hao’), this paper researched the responses of nitrogen metabolism, nodule growth and yield under N application levels (N0, 0 kg/hm2; N75, 75 kg/hm2; N150, 150 kg/hm2; N225, 225 kg/hm2; N300, 300 kg/hm2 and N375, 375 kg/hm2) by combining of field experiment and laboratory analysis. The results showed that soluble protein contents, nitrate reductase activity and glutamine synthetase activity of leaf related to nitrogen metabolism, nodule growth and grain yield were improved first and reduced afterwards with the increasing amount of the N- fertilization increasing at each growth period. Leaf nitrogen metabolism and yield of peanut were the best and nodule number and size were more under N225 treatment. Nitrogen use, nodule growth and yield of‘Ganhua 7 hao’were better at 150-225 kg/hm2 N application levels.

  Studies on the Effect of Applying Uniconazole to Peanut on Yield and Quality 2014, 30 (12):  223-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2241 Abstract + ( 583 )   PDF ( 674141KB )   ( 471 ) Effect of uniconazole on morphological traits, yield, crude fat content, protein content, soluble sugar content in kernel of different peanut variety was studied, and using the ‘Huayu 19’ and the ‘Huayu 23’ as materials. Uniconazole could increase diameter of main stem and promote growth of roots, and increase root dry weight and fruit dry weight per plant. Growth of the plant height could be delayed by foliar spray of uniconazole during flowering stage，and the greater of uniconazole concentration, the more obvious of effects. The effects were the greatest with 160 mg/L uniconazole. The root shoot ratio and economic coefficient could be improved by uniconazole treatment. The weight of pods per plant, kernel per plant, 100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight were significantly increased by uniconazole treatment. The root shoot ratio increased from 0.8904 to 1.2015, the economic coefficient increased from 46.57% to 53.46%, the yield increased from 18.09% to 69.10%. The seed fatty accumulation and the protein accumulation and the accumulation of soluble sugars can be promoted by uniconazole.

  Effect of Planting Patterns on Rapeseed Yields and Economic Benefits in Rice-rapeseed Rotation System 2014, 30 (12):  229-233.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2122 Abstract + ( 606 )   PDF ( 487734KB )   ( 469 ) In order to study the best rapeseed planting methods of suitable Chongqing special ecological and geography conditions. Comparative Analysis the effects of different planting methods and cultivation methods on rapeseed yield and economic benefits with‘Yuyou21’and‘Zhongshuang No.11’as material through the comparative experiments under Chongqing. The results showed that, yield of no-tillage transplanting was No.1, and the oilseed- vegetable- dual- purpose technology was the highest economic benefit, net income reached 9155.25 yuan/hm2, than control seedlings transplanting income 4150.5 yuan/hm2; followed by no- tillage broadcast sowing, increase efficiency, net income was 6646.5 yuan/hm2, an increase of 1641.75 yuan/hm2 more the control. Besides, high density direct seeding can also achieve better yield and benefit, the rapeseed production mechanization is possible in low mountain and hilly area, agricultural machinery and agronomy fusion should further strengthen the research.

  Multiple Analysis of Relationship Between Agronomic Traits and Yield in Fagopyrum esculentum 2014, 30 (12):  234-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2010 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 431125KB )   ( 569 ) Indentify the primary indexes of Fagopyrum eseculentum yield and provide academic evidence for germplasm evaluation innovation of Fagopyrum eseculentum. 34 Fagopyrum eseculentum varieties were used to investigate the variation of agronomic traits and yield of Fagopyrum eseculentum. The correlation, path analysis, principal components analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. Results showed that, the variation coefficient of agronomic traits and yield of Fagopyrum eseculentum reached 13.3%-44.0%, and the yield had a extremely significant positive correlation with plant height, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant, and a significant positive correlation with stem section number and branch number, but no significant correlation with 1st internode length and 1000-grain weight, grain weight per plant. Stem section number, grain number per plant and branch number were primary indexes of Fagopyrum eseculentum yield.

  Effects of Different Fertilizer Amounts and Cultivation Density on Ramie/Tuber Mustard 2014, 30 (12):  239-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2308 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 496055KB )   ( 576 ) The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of different fertilizer amounts and cultivation density on tuber mustard and ramie. The experiments of different fertilizer amounts and cultivation density were conducted in Changsha and Taoyuan respectively, and Polyploidy No.1 and Xiangzhu X1 were used as the materials. We studied the effects of three fertilizer amounts (high, normal and low) and two tuber mustard cultivation density (high and low) on the tuber mustard yield, economic benefits and the agronomic traits, fiber yield and quality of ramie. The results showed that, the ramie agronomic traits varied according to fertilizer amounts. From the aspect of yield, normal fertilizer treatment > high fertilizer treatment > low fertilizer treatment. From the aspect of breaking strength, normal fertilizer treatment > low fertilizer treatment > high fertilizer treatment. From the aspect of single fiber count, normal fertilizer treatment > high fertilizer treatment > low fertilizer treatment. The yield and benefits of tuber mustard decreased with the increase of cultivation density. Ramie annual yield was improved by compact crop. Under the normal fertilizer treatment (727.5 kg/hm2 compound fertilizers), the yield of tuber mustard and ramie fiber and the economic benefits were the highest. Considering the ramie/ tuber mustard economic benefits, the optimum row spacing of tuber mustard cultivation density is 50 cm×50 cm.

  Influences of Fertilizing Management on Sweet Potato Production Cultivated on Lime Concretion Black Soil 2014, 30 (12):  244-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2129 Abstract + ( 1425 )   PDF ( 445450KB )   ( 728 ) Nitrogen fertilization tends to cause over-growth of sweet potatoes and leads to the yield decrease. Pragmatically, farmers apply relatively low quantity of nitrogen fertilizers to guarantee their sweet potato yield. In doing so, the insufficient application of nitrogen limits their yield potential. In this study, field experiments were designed to understand the relationships between fertilizing management (i.e. different amount of nitrogen and different potassium formulas) and yield and growth of sweet potatoes cultivated on lime concretion black soil. The results could be used to establish an optimal fertilization strategy for high yield sweet potato production. Results showed that fertilization promoted the growth of above-ground organs more than the underground tubers. More fertilizers applied, greater the differences were. In Treatment 1, which was applied with high amount of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) as the only potassium source, the over-growth of above-ground organs was observed. Yield was 3.7% decreased compared with the local fertilizing tradition. In Treatment 2, where half of the potassium was applied as potassium chloride (KCl), could realize a balanced growth promotion in both the underground and above-ground organs. Such fertilization gained 6.2% of yield increase compared with the traditional fertilization, and 10.4% yield increase compared with Treatment 1. Once the nitrogen was increased from 124.5 kg/hm2 in the traditional fertilization to 225 kg/hm2, potassium chloride was proved to be the key nutrition element of yield increase. Compared with solo potassium sulfate application, integration of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate significantly increased the absorption of various nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Results suggested that the traditional fertilization for sweet potatoes cultivated on lime concretion black soil, which applied non-chloride potassium fertilizers, limited the yield increase of the crop. Further studies were thus needed to establish an optimal strategy of potassium fertilization for high yield sweet potato production.

  Effects of Different Mulches on Yield and Characters of Pre-basic Seed Potato of“Dianqianyu No.23” 2014, 30 (12):  249-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2239 Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 489022KB )   ( 538 ) The aim was to study the cultivation models of winter- planting potato and the potato variety suitability of‘Dianqianyu No.23’in Guizhou. In the experiment,‘Dianqianyu No.23’of Pre-basic seed was used to study the difference in the characteristics and yield of winter- planting potato on the four mulches cultivation models. The results showed that compared with the control, these models with four mulches could make potato emergence earlier 2-15 days and raised soil temperature 0.41-2.35℃of land than others, the growth period shortened by 4-10 days. By surveying seedling rate and seeding stage, the tillage of the arched shed was the best. By surveying yield, character and the commercial potato rate, the tillage with straw covering was the best in all treatments. The yield of the tillage with straw covering has increased by 20.3%. The potato variety‘Dianqianyu No.23’and the tillage with straw covering should be widespread applied in Libo County.

  The Analysis of the Nutrient and Cotton Yield Variation Under the Application of Different Soil Modifier in Saline Soil 2014, 30 (12):  253-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2093 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 632334KB )   ( 496 ) Preliminary study the change of nutrients of saline soil and cotton growth under the application of soil amendment, by using of 4 kinds of soil amendments in field experiments to identify the change of growth and yield of cotton in saline soil and changes of saline soil nutrient. Results showed that, after input this four kinds of modifiers, soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were all increased relatively by different degrees, indicating that these amendments which were used in saline soil for cotton grown can improve the soil fertilization effects. The effects of soil DS1997 and phosphorus gypsum to saline soil amendments were significantly compared with other two amendments. After using the soil improving in saline soil, the soil fertility was significantly improved, and promoted the growth of cotton, cotton biomass yield and economic yield was increased to different degrees. Soil amendments can effectively reduce the salt damage, improve soil quality, and improve the production capacity of the land.

  Origin, Distribution of Boehmeria nivea and Its History of Cultivation and Utilization in China 2014, 30 (12):  258-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2304 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 795237KB )   ( 1513 ) Ramie is a kind of important bast fiber crops in China. This paper pointed out that ramie originated from Yungui Plateau of China, based on the analysis of the unearthed cultural relics, records of ancient books and the origin center of ramie. Chinese Boehmeria plants mainly distributed in the provinces as Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan and Guizhou，and could be divided into 5 groups. According to the records in the ancient books, cultivation history of ramie could be divided into 4 periods in China: before Qin-Han dynasties, from Qin-Han dynasties to Sui-Tang dynasties, Song-Yuan dynasties, and Ming-Qing dynasties. Cultivation techniques and spreading of ramie to the world in ancient China were also summarized. The multiple utilizations of ramie in ancient China, including fiber, medicinal, edible and forage uses were reviewed. The review about the origin, distribution, species resources, as well as utilization and cultivation history of ramie in ancient China provided scientific supports for keeping and expanding the superiority of ramie, the historical and exclusive local products of China.

  Construcrion of Tomato Transcription Factor LeMADS-MC Sense and Antisense Plant Expression Vector 2014, 30 (12):  267-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1931 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 930174KB )   ( 758 ) To reveal the pathway of MADS-Box transcription factor family regulating tomato fruit ripening, the research obtained tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) LeMADS- MC gene and LeMADS- antiMC gene by the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The genes were connected to the plasmid pCAMBIA1300- 221 and pCXSN, and then transformed into Agrobacterium by Freeze-thaw method. Vectors were identified by PCR and enzyme digestion in the research and the sequence result was homology to NCBI database up to 100%. The results indicated that tomato expression vectors pCAMBIA1300- 221- MC and pCXSN- antiMC was constructed successfully. It would provide base for genetic research on fruit ripening and senescence through LeMADS-MC transgenic fruit.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of ShSAP1 promoter from sugarcane 2014, 30 (12):  272-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2197 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 1908774KB )   ( 610 ) Promoter play an important role in transgenic breeding, discovering of active promoters, especially stress-specific and organ/tissue-specific promoter is of great interest to manage the concerns associated with gene expression efficiency. According to the genome sequence of ShSAP1, a member of stress associated proteins (SAPs), a 1243 bp promoter region of ShSAP1 was isolated from sugarcane genome by genome walking. Sequence analysis found the promoter region contained core promoter elements and other ciselements like drought and other stress response elements, MYB/MYC recognition and binding site, light responsive elements and tissue specific expression elements, which indicated ShSAP1 promoter might be a stress-specific and tissue-specific promoter. The function of ShSAP1 promoter still needs further study.

  The Identification of A Strain Neurospora sp. and Its Chemical Component Analysis of Volatile Compounds 2014, 30 (12):  279-282.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2135 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 605616KB )   ( 542 ) Neurospora spp., with odor, was common mould. In order to research the chemical component of volatile compounds from Neurospora spp. odor, 18S rDNA sequence analysis was used to identify Neurospora sp. strain FH-1 and GC-MS was used to analyze its chemical component of volatile compounds. The results showed: the 18S rDNA sequence of Neurospora sp. strain FH-1 (Accession no. KF312458) was 99% identical to that of N. crassa (Accession no. AY046271.1), and was identified as N. crassa; 13 ingredients had been found, of which 9 identified by GC-MS, accounting for 93.035% of the total volatile compounds; esters and alcohols were the main chemical components of volatile compounds, and 1-octen-3-ol with the highest content (relative content 80.663%) of them.

  Isolation, Screening of Yeast and Identification of Functional Yeast from the Traditional Fermented Soybean Paste ping jingge 2014, 30 (12):  283-286.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2436 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 529123KB )   ( 566 ) In order to study the fibrinolytic enzyme producing bacteria in soybean paste, traditional microbiological methods and molecular biology methods were used to isolate, culture and identify the fibrinolytic enzyme producing bacteria during different fermentation periods of soybean paste. Seven fibrinolytic enzyme producing bacteria were obtained among these bacteria, in which HDBF- 1 had higher fibrinolytic enzyme production. The 16S rDNA results of HDBF- 1 compared with the GenBank database showed that HDBF-1 is belonging to genus of Xanthomonas sp., the same genus with Xanthomonas campestris.

  Analysis of the Causes of Easy Solidification of Trichosanther kirilowii Seed Oil 2014, 30 (12):  287-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2131 Abstract + ( 775 )   PDF ( 653191KB )   ( 620 ) In order to analyze the reason of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil solidification, find out the molecular structure of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil viscosity changes. Using Perilla seed oil as a reference, ultraviolet spectrophotometry was performed in Perilla seed oil and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. After the UV scan and analysis, maleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid as an isolated double bond and two conjugated double bonds as standard draw standard curve were compared, analyzed the difference of unsaturated conjugated double bond type and the different content of fatty acids contained were analyzed in Trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil and Perilla seed oil. The results showed that: Perilla seed oil unsaturated fatty acid contains only isolated double bond in a concentration of 365.8 mg/mL, while the snakegourd fruit seed oil unsaturated fatty acid contains not only isolated double bond, but three conjugated double bonds. In addition, the yellow TKM seed oil also contains two conjugated double bonds (the content was 197.01 mg/mL). Trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil contained a certain amount of two conjugated double bond or three conjugated double bond in unsaturated fatty acid, which increased the possibility of the addition and the polymerization reaction, resulting in an increase of the content of saturated fatty acids, a decrease of the freezing point and an increase in viscosity, which was the main reason prone to the easily solidification during the storage of Chinese Trichosanthes oil.

  Preparation of Capsaicinoids from Dried Chilli Powder by Ethanol Extraction and Recrystallization Methods 2014, 30 (12):  295-299.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2067 Abstract + ( 1469 )   PDF ( 645057KB )   ( 1028 ) In order to get high pure capsaicinoids from chilli powder, ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent and the extraction conditions optimized. The ethanol extract was saponified with 10% NaOH and the optimal pH for extracting capsaicinoids with ethyl acetate from NaOH solution was screened for. Also, several organic solvents were tried for successful crystallization of capsaicinoids. The results showed that the highest extraction yield was reached when 95% ethanol was used at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (m/V). A relatively high capsaicinoids recovery was gained when extracted the saponification solution with ethyl acetate at pH 9.0. Under the experimental conditions, capsaicinoids were not readily crystallize in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether etc., whereas capsicinoids with purity of 96.4% was obtained after recrystallization in diethyl ether at -20℃ for three times.

  Study on Extract of Ursolic Acid from Paulownia tomentosa Leaves by Microwave Assisted Method 2014, 30 (12):  300-303.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2273 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 553543KB )   ( 439 ) In order to extract ursolic acid from Paulownia tomentosa ( Thunb) stued leaves, with ursolic acid yield as index, microwave assisted technology was studied. Analysis the impact of microwave power, extraction time, ethanol concentraion and ratio of material to liquid on yield by single factor and orthogonal experiments.The results showed that optimum conditions were as follows: microwave power 350W, extraction time7min, ethanol concentraion 85% and ratio of material to liquid 1:18. Under optimum conditions , the yield was 0.748%. Microwave assisted was a suitable method for extract ursolic acid for it has shorter time and higher yield.

  Dispelling Dynamic of Gibberellic Acid Residue in the Pear 2014, 30 (12):  304-307.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2232 Abstract + ( 785 )   PDF ( 536722KB )   ( 465 ) In order to make up a standard procedure for safe use of gibberellic acid in pear，the field experiment of gibberellic acid efficacy was carried out according to weight 37.5mg/fruit. Gibberellic acid residues were quantified by HPLC. The results showed that the dissipation of gibberellic acid in the pear was rapid, with half-lives of 9.8-13.6d. As time went on, the residual contents of gibberellic acid in the pear and soil decreased, which accorded with the first-order kinetics equation.

  The Effect of Fermented Pu-erh tea on the Prevention of Alcoholic Fatty Liver 2014, 30 (12):  308-311.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2171 Abstract + ( 634 )   PDF ( 513168KB )   ( 572 ) We investigate the effect of fermented Pu-erh tea on the prevention of liver damage in alcoholic fatty liver model rats. Wistar rats were divided into negative control group, positive control group, drug group, low, medium and high dose of the fermented Pu-erh tea groups, the liquid feed was used as rats food. All rats were sacrificed after 60 days’ feeding, serum levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, FFA, AST, ALT, INS and liver tissue levels of INS, FFA were tested. The results showed that compared to the positive control group, the serum levels of TG, TC in low, medium and high does groups of the fermented Pu-erh tea; the serum and liver tissue levels of INS in low, medium and high does groups; the serum and liver tissue levels of FFA in medium and high does groups; the serum levels of AST and ALT in medium and high does groups of the fermented Pu-erh tea were significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The serum levels of HDL-C in high does group of the fermented Pu-erh tea was significantly increased (P<0.05). Fermented Pu-erh tea can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of the alcoholic fatty liver.

  Comparative Study on the Improving Quality, Enhancing Fragrant Baking Technology and the Three-step Technology 2014, 30 (12):  312-315.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2045 Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 405726KB )   ( 422 ) Improving quality and enhancing fragrant baking technology is a new curing technology, more came out gradually, was needed and three-step technology was reflected of defects, because of flue-curing barn was popularization and application. In order to compare the curing results between the improving quality and enhancing fragrant baking technology and the three-step technology. The results showed that, with the improving quality and enhancing fragrant baking technology, leaf curing cost reduced by 0.09 yuan/kg, contents of starch and sugar were decreased by 2.69%, 6.55%, increased the proportion of the high quality 5.99%, the average price increased by 0.42 yuan/kg, Thus, it can reduce costs, composition of starch and sugar content, increase the proportion of high quality and price, leaf aroma was more clean and aroma quantity was more in smoking.

  Canonical Correlation Analysis Between Physical Property and Other Quality Evaluating Indices of Tobacco Leaf 2014, 30 (12):  316-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3022 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 513896KB )   ( 577 ) Canonical correlations of sensory quality, physical property, chemical components, and smoking quality were analyzed respectively using sun-cured tobacco samples from four tobacco growing areas of Hubei province. Results indicated that the evaluating indices between physical property and the other mentioned quality characters all showed significant canonical correlations. Relationship between physical property and sensory quality was the most significant. Physical property such as weight per leaf, leaf length and equilibrium moisture content played important roles between any two quality groups relationship.