Abstract: Ramie is a kind of important bast fiber crops in China. This paper pointed out that ramie originated from Yungui Plateau of China, based on the analysis of the unearthed cultural relics, records of ancient books and the origin center of ramie. Chinese Boehmeria plants mainly distributed in the provinces as Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan and Guizhou，and could be divided into 5 groups. According to the records in the ancient books, cultivation history of ramie could be divided into 4 periods in China: before Qin-Han dynasties, from Qin-Han dynasties to Sui-Tang dynasties, Song-Yuan dynasties, and Ming-Qing dynasties. Cultivation techniques and spreading of ramie to the world in ancient China were also summarized. The multiple utilizations of ramie in ancient China, including fiber, medicinal, edible and forage uses were reviewed. The review about the origin, distribution, species resources, as well as utilization and cultivation history of ramie in ancient China provided scientific supports for keeping and expanding the superiority of ramie, the historical and exclusive local products of China.