Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.13 Published:05 May 2014

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  The Application of Genetic Markers in the Study of Walnut Genetic Diversity 2014, 30 (13):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2533 Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 510831KB )   ( 541 ) The morphology marks, cytology marks, and biochemical markers that were widely used in recent years, which were applied in the evaluation of walnut germplasm were summarized here for evaluating Chinese walnut resources to strengthen walnut basic research work. On the basis of summary, the prospect of these markers were reviewed. In order to explore genetic markers loci and allelic variation associated with breeding in cultivation and wild walnut population in China, we suggest that associating multiple genetic markers should be used in future study for fast breeding.summarized here. On the basis of summary, the study on associating multiple genetic markers to explore genetic markers loci and allelic variation associated with breeding in cultivation and wild population in China, and to get the materials for fast breeding.

  Advances of Researches on Soil-dwelling Springtails as Bioindicators 2014, 30 (13):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2100 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 483479KB )   ( 623 ) Springtails are dominant species in soil, sensitive to the changes in environment. In this paper, recent researches on springtails as bioindicators were reviewed, including their characteristics as bioindicators and the effects of such factors as pesticide pollution, heavy metal pollution and global change on springtails. There were few long-term multi-factor researches in springtails and more new methods will be used for ecological risk assessment in the future.

  Optimization Telomerase Activity Assay for Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. 2014, 30 (13):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0025 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 1855989KB )   ( 552 ) Telomerase is essential to maintain the integrity of eukaryotic chromosomes because of its function for restoring and extending telomere length. Though there are well established methods for measuring telomerase activity in animal cells, telomerase activity assay for plant cells is far away from effective, method to determine the telomerase activity is of great significance. In this study, we adopted and optimized TRAP method to determine the telomerase activity of the P. tabulaeformis. The optimization were made to the steps of the extension condition, the primer, the annealing temperature and the electrophoresis detection. The results showed that the best extension condition was one hour for 30℃, the optimum guide primer was the TS21 and the reverse primer was the ACX, the annealing temperature was 61.8℃, and the Gene Finder nucleic acid dye was selected to stain the polyacrylamide gel, respectively. Based on our data, optimized TRAP assay could effectively detect telomerase activity of the P. tabulaeformis, made it a valuable tool in testing telomerase activity in plant, an effective method for measuring the telomerase activity in P. tabulaeformis was established.

  In vitro Pollen Germination Study on A Rare and Endangered Specie: Pinusdabeshanensis Cheng et Law 2014, 30 (13):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2836 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 582892KB )   ( 544 ) In order to detect the reasons why the Pinusdabeshanensis Cheng et Law is endangered and provide the evidence for the breeding and conservation. The author applied designed the orthogonal test to identify the effect of sucrose, boron, calcium on germination rate and pollen tube length using in vitro pollen germination methods. The results showed that: sucrose was the key factor in its germination and growth followed by boric acid, and calcium chloride played the least role. The ratio of pollen germination could be significantly increased by adding sucrose while it also could be limited when the sucrose was in the high level. Appropriate addition of boric acid could promote pollen germination rather than pollen tube growth. Calcium chloride had limited effect on pollen germination and it seemed that germination rate was not sensitive to the level of calcium chloride. Integrating pollen germination rate and tube growth, the optimum medium for Pinusdabeshanensis Cheng et Law pollen culture should be 4% sucrose+0.05% boric acid+0.025% calcium chloride.

  Establishment and Optimization of RAPD Technique in Poplar 2014, 30 (13):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2814 Abstract + ( 641 )   PDF ( 539830KB )   ( 424 ) The aim of this study was to optimize the RAPD reaction system in poplar. The L16(45) orthogonal tests design and two single factors tests were used to study the appropriate concentrations of the main factors with Populus alba. The results showed that an optimized RAPD reaction system was established: the total 20μL contained Mg2+ 1.5 mmol/L, Taq polymerase 2.0 U, primer 0.2μmol/L, dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L, DNA template 50 ng. Amplified procedure was: 94℃for 3 min, 38 cycles at 94℃for 40 s, 38℃for 60 s, 72℃for 90 s, followed by 72℃for 7 min and then ramped to 4℃to hold the reaction. Amplified products were detected by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel. It was evident that the reaction system established in this study was stable and reliable for RAPD analysis, and could be used on genetic analysis of poplar.

  SSR Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Ping’ou Hybrid Hazelnut 2014, 30 (13):  25-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2781 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 2189860KB )   ( 432 ) The analysis of genetic relationship of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut laid the foundation for the genetic mapping and the breeding of choiceness gene. 21 main cultivars were selected for the experiment. After DNA extraction, SSR molecular marker and NTSYSpc (version 2.11 a) analysis of the results, constructed a dendrogram. 6 primer pairs of Corylus avellana were selected for the detection of the tested materials. 71 genetic loci were detected, which were polymorphic loci in all. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 100%. The SSR-derived genetic similarity was 0.34-0.82, with an average of 0.55. All the samples were divided into 4 groups when the threshold value was 0.74. C1, C13 and C2 constituted the groupⅠ; C6 and C15 constituted the groupⅡ; C7, C9, C14, C16 and C10 constituted the groupⅣ. The others constituted the groupⅢ. There were genetically abundant diversities among Ping’ou hybrid hazelnut. The genetic relationships of the main cultivars were complex. Analysis system established in this study could offer reference for other relative researches.

  Isolation and Amplification of Single Chromosome in Hevea brasiliensis‘RY7-33-97’ 2014, 30 (13):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2791 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 1432377KB )   ( 615 ) Hevea brasiliensis was one of the most important sources of natural rubber. The technique of single chromosome microdissection had important significance in genomic study. This experiment took tender leaves of Hevea brasiliensis‘RY-7-33-97’as material. The enzyme and low osmotic method was used to make the chromosom preparation. A technique for single chromosome microdissection by slender glass needles in Hevea brasiliensis was constructed. Eight chromosomes were successfully isolated, and two of them were amplified by linker adaptormediated PCR (LA-PCR) for two rounds, a smear of DNA fragments ranging from 400-1800 bp were generated. Southern blot hybridization results showed that the LA-PCR products were homogeneous with the Hevea brasiliensis genomic DNA, indicating that DNAs from the chromosome have been successfully amplified. This study demonstrated that chromosome microdissection and cloning can be applied in genomic study of Hevea brasiliensis. The results will facilitate for the construction of single chromosomal DNA library of Hevea brasiliensis.

  第一作者简介： 陈学俊， 男， 1989 年出生， 硕士研究生， 研究方向： 作物遗传育种。通信地址： 570228 海南省海口市海南大学农学院， E-mail： 2014, 30 (13):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2802 Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 636135KB )   ( 555 ) In order to research the dust retention capacity of the bamboos quantitatively from many aspects, enrich the garden with the bamboo species and optimize the configuration of the bamboo species, by measuring and analyzing spring dust retention capacity of 12 ornamental bamboo species of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, the change of dust retention capacity of the unit leaf area of them was studied from three aspects, i.e., plant type, time, height by statistical analysis. The results showed that: there was the significant difference in the spring dust retention capacity of the different plant types of bamboo species. Compared to the medium-sized shrubby and arborescent ornamental bamboos and the large arborescent ornamental bamboos, the small shrubby ornamental bamboos had the advantage on the dust retention capacity. Indocalamus latifolius’s dust retention capacity (1.94 g/m2) was the largest than that of Bambusa multiplex‘Fernleaf’(1.46 g/m2) and Bambusa mutltiplex‘Stripestem Fernleaf’(1.42 g/m2). The dust retention capacity of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus (0.72 g/m2) was the smallest. Indocalamus latifolius’s dust retention capacity was the 2.7 times than that of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus. The dust retention capacity at the height of 50 cm and 150 cm of the most bamboo species were larger than that of at the height of 200 cm above the ground. They were Indocalamus latifolius, Phyllostachys nigra, Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus. The dust retention capacity at the height of 200 cm above the ground of Phyllostachys heterocycla‘Taokiang’was the largest at the same height level.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Brachystachyum densiflorum and Its Impact Factors in Summer 2014, 30 (13):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2896 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 639736KB )   ( 510 ) In order to study photosynthetic characteristics of Chinese endemic single species Brachystachyum densiflorum (Rendle) Keng in summer and its influential factors, LCpro + SD automatic photosynthetic apparatus was used to test net photosynthesis (Pn) and multivariate step- wise analysis method was used to establish the relationship model between Pn and physiological and ecological factors. The results showed that daily variation of Pnof Brachystachyum densiflorum (Rendle) Keng in summer was like a curve of“twin peaks”, known as typical“noon break”; the light complementary point (LCP) and light saturated point(LSP) were 40.90μmol/(m2·s) and 979.77μmol/(m2·s), respecitvely, and apparent quantum yields (AQY) was 0.016. The influential physiological and ecological factors to affect Pn of Brachystachyum densiflorum (Rendle) Keng in summer mainly involve transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The research showed that Brachystachyum densiflorum (Rendle) Keng was characterized by higher LCP and lower LSP and AQY, indicating that its light adaptability was narrow, with low light energy utilization rate under weak light.

  Research on Tissue Culture and Medium of Limoniumau-reum 2014, 30 (13):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2948 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 662132KB )   ( 472 ) Experiment chose seed development Limoniumau- reum no vaccine hypocotyl cotyledon stem section as explant materials, study the culture of different explant technique, the results showed that: the suitable medium auxin 2,4- D on adventitious bud induction had an obvious role in promoting, when its concentration was 1.5 mg/L induction rate was highest, cotyledon was good explant of adventitious bud induction, the optimal culture medium for MS+2,4-D 1.5 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L. Limoniumaureum optimal proliferation medium was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ NAA 1.0 mg/L, and took the form of multiple shoot clumps proliferation, The optimum rooting medium was 1/2 MS+ KT 1.0 mg/L+ IBA 1.0 mg/L.

  Analysis on Temporal-spatial Feature of Forest Fires in Chongqing 2014, 30 (13):  51-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2849 Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 1117087KB )   ( 652 ) In order to provide scientific guidance for forest fire prevention, improve effectiveness of forest fire prevention, to reduce the fire loss, 679 forest fire cases containing date of records (among these data, 654 and 602 data respectively recorded start and end hour of forest fires) were used to analyze temporal feature, and 527 fires used to analyze spatial feature owing theirs latitude and longitude information. All the fire data were from 2000 to 2010 year in Chongqing. The results of calculation showed as following: (1) there were 61.7 forest fire annually during 2000-2010 year and the number of forest fires increased when drought occurring. (2) The forest fires occurred most frequently during spring, and the number was least Autumn, respectively second and third in winter and summer. (3) The forest fires mainly occurred in 4 months including February, March, April and August, and in November and December the fires were very rarely. (4) The start and end time of forest fires occurred mainly between 9 a.m. and 8 p.m, while between 9 p.m and 8 a.m very rarely. (5) Most forest fires’ duration was not long, and there was a negative exponential relation between duration and forest fire number. (6) The spatial distribution of forest fires varied with terrain height. In wild higher ground, more forest fires distributed at relatively lower piedmont area, while in wild lower ground, the more forest fires distributed at relatively higher mountain ridge. (7) The forest fire division was 6 grades according its number, and they were most easily occurring district, easily occurring district, generally occurring district, lower occurring district, rarely occurring district and not occurring district.

  Preliminary Study on Introduction and Application of Local Tree Species in Coastal Zone of Taiwan Island 2014, 30 (13):  59-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2903 Abstract + ( 660 )   PDF ( 546429KB )   ( 516 ) Facing the situation about the rarely tree species and unstable ecological system in protective forestry in coastal, the local tree species including Pandanus, Pittosporum pentandrum, Koelreuteria elegans, Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas and Garcinia spicata Hook in coastal zone of Taiwan island were introduced to Fujian Province and applied to the field experiment on the plantation in the draught, transformation in trunk shelterbelt of Casuarina and regeneration in low-benefit forest of Casuarina in behind of coastal. The results showed that: the preserving rate was more than 85% and the wind-tolerant rate was high for Pandanus through the measures including digging deep hole, putting into the earth, deep planting, watering enough and windproof engineering; The forests of P. pentandrum, K.elegans, P.pinnata and C.manghas planted under trunk shelterbelt of Casuarina which the canopy density was less than 0.5 and thinned have grown up and begun to resistant wind and sand in three-year old. The protective benefit of these forestry was more 20% than that of original shelterbelt. The production and protective benefit of the shelterbelt which was low benefits of Casuarina in behind of coastal and was regenerated through belt-mixing between well colon of Casuarina and P. pentandrum, P. pinnata, C. manghas and K. elegans respectively could be improved. The above results indicated that: Pandanus was idea tree specie in the draught while P. pentandrum, P. pinnata,C. manghas and K.elegans were selective tree species in regeneration and transformation in trunk shelterbelt of Casuarina and in low-benefit forest of Casuarina.

  Study on Plant Investigate and Species Diversity of Shuikoushan Pb-Zn Mining Area in Hengyang 2014, 30 (13):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2829 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 549374KB )   ( 872 ) Investigated to the natural plant community and its structure characteristics on which abandoned land, around the barren hills and farmland of Shuikoushan Pb-Zn mining area lands in Hengyang, calculation and analysis of important values of plant species, evenness and species diversity index. The results showed that: There were 29 families, 46 species of plants in the survey area, and the herbaceous plants has the advantage of which including the dominant was the Gramineae and Compositae plants, both accounting for 57% of the herb species. Relatively rare plant species in general, community composition and structure was simple, the low level of species diversity and ecological fragile on that every sample. The highest diversity index H was only 1.101, the highest richness index R was 1.478 and evenness index was also only 0.666. There were no significant differences between species and coverage at each sampling, smelting and other were a significant difference of diversity index between the other three points, and it has no significant differences between each other of the three sampling points, and the diversity index was order: smelter＞waste dam edges＞Kangjiawan selection＞abandoned farmland. The evaluation result was in conformity with the actual situation of local biodiversity basic, and it generally reflected the overall distribution of local plant diversity.

  Breeding Present Situation and Free the Isolated Microspore Culture Research Progress in Cauliflower 2014, 30 (13):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2535 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 495683KB )   ( 685 ) Isolated microspore culture has become one of the important means of broccoli modern breeding. It can shorten the breeding period, speed up the breeding process, reduce the error, speed up the germplasm innovation, isolated microspore culture has gradually become the focus in the broccoli breeding. This article reviewed the breeding history of cauliflower and isolated microspore culture in China. It emphatically expounded microspore culture of the main factors: affecting microspore culture, genotype, period of microspore, physiological status, pretreatment, culture medium and its composition, the occurrence of embryoid and embryo culture and times of microspore plant. And it put forward related problems and prospect, in order to provide reference for the breeding research of cauliflower.

  Comprehensive Evaluation on Heavy Mental in Apple Orchard 2014, 30 (13):  76-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2511 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 459427KB )   ( 710 ) The soil quality of apple orchard is the determinant on the apple. The enrichment characteristics, type, content, source, biological effect of the heavy mental were compared with the different district according to the research results. On this basis, the feature of the contents of heavy mental accumulated over time and depth were analyzed. Some suggestions on the protection of the soil were put forward.

  Advance in Researching the Effects of Environmental Factors on Sexual Development of Edible Fungus 2014, 30 (13):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2570 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 507682KB )   ( 1356 ) Edible fungus is a kind of green food, and it has high value of nutrition, health. Meanwhile, edible fungi industry is a sustainable development project, it integrate economic and ecological benefits. The effects of main environmental factors during edible fungus production as chemical, physical and biological factors, including carbon source, nitrogen source, mineral element, temperature, light, ventilation, on the initiation and differentiation of edible fungal fruiting body were sketched. The paper pointed out that the edible fungus sex development initial and yield were effected by the kinds and concentrations of various factors in the environment, and there were many problems in the research of edible fungal sexual development. Molecular biology methods should be applied to further study the mechanism of casing soil and the main functional of environmental regulating genes.

  Progress of Study on the Industrial Cultivation and Series Processing Technology of Cordyceps militaris 2014, 30 (13):  93-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2707 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 640828KB )   ( 1668 ) The Cordyceps militaris could be artificially domesticated and cultivated. Since it contained multiple bioactive compositions, such as cordycepin, cordyceps acid and cordyceps polysaccharide, and had the efficacies of enhancing human immunity, anti- tumor and anti- oxidation, to some extent, it might be alternative of the increasingly rare cordyceps sinensis. To fully study the cultivation and processing technologies of Cordyceps militaris, this paper summarized latest progresses in study of its compositions, pharmacological properties, artificial cultivation as well as product processing and analyzed reasons why cordyceps could not be cultivated in large scale. The paper also indicated problems faced with Cordyceps militaris processing and study, including the backward processing technology development and less attention to the area. At the end, the author listed several suggestions to the study and industrialization of Cordyceps militaris.

  Study on SSR Loci Associated with Some Chemical Component of Tobacco 2014, 30 (13):  102-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2784 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 622771KB )   ( 543 ) In order to study the SSR loci that closely associated with some chemical component of tobacco, total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, total alkaloid, potassium content and chlorine contents were detected based on the tobacco industry standard. 109 SSR primers were used to amplify the genome of 24 tobacco cultivars, 104 polymorphic sites were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Association analysis of phenotype data and polymorphic site data showed that 8 SSR gene loci were significantly correlated with 5 conventional indicator (without total alkaloid) while the significance level was below 0.01. The main associated loci were located in the 8th linkage group, 3 SSR loci associated with sugar and total nitrogen simultaneously.

  Genetic Analysis of Growth Period Using Mixed Major Gene Plus Polygene Inheritance Model in Brassica oleracea L. var. italica 2014, 30 (13):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2641 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 581144KB )   ( 566 ) In order to analyze the genetic mechanism of growth period and provide the theoretical supports for breeding in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica), six generations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2) derived from two morphologically dissimilar broccoli inbred lines were used for genetic analysis of growth period trait based on mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. We designated the growth period as the days from field planting to flower buds emergence in this experiment. The results showed that the mean values of F1 lied between two parents but it was much closer to the high valued parent in growth period traits. Meanwhile, the growth period traits were controlled by two additive-dominant-epitasis major genes (B- 1 Model). The major gene heritabilities of B1, B2 and F2 populations were 44%, 59% and 56%, respectively. And the major gene heritability was relatively moderate and was influenced by environment significantly, which could be used in the selection of early generation in broccoli.

  The analysis of Combining Ability and Heritability of Main Quality Characteristic in Tomato 2014, 30 (13):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2763 Abstract + ( 773 )   PDF ( 560344KB )   ( 466 ) 30 hybrid combinations were combined from 6 high inbred parents (42, 43, 44, 50, 63, 69) of many years according to Griffing complete dealer cross design (p2). The general combining ability and special combining ability of 5 main fruit characters (lycopene, soluble solid, weight, fruit shape index, sugar-acid ratio)of tomato were analyzed with 6 inbreds and 30 hybrids, in order to provide theoretical basis for the breeding of new varieties and improve main quality characters of tomato. The results showed that, parents of 43 lycopene, sugar-acid ratio, soluble solid of character of general combining ability effect the highest value or higher, explain 43 was a breeding flavor and nutrition varieties in terms of the quality of the ideal parent material. Parents of 42 weight of the general combining ability effect was the highest value, 42 can cultivate good quality as the appearance of tomato ideal material. Combination 50×43 in the quality traits of the special ability were relatively high, it can be used as a breeding excellent characters comprehensive comparative good varieties.

  Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Leaves of Different Variety Grapes 2014, 30 (13):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2717 Abstract + ( 622 )   PDF ( 668391KB )   ( 653 ) The research is aimed to study the diversity of endophytic fungi community from different varieties of grape leaves. Cultivable folia endophytic fungi from different varieties of grape leaves were isolated and identified by morphology together with its ITS sequence analysis. In total 1067 strains of cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated from 1215 pieces of grape leaf tissues, and all these fungi strains were identified into 90 species, 28 genus. Colletotrichum and Alternaria were dominant genera with the dominance of 39.08% and 25.21%, respectively. The separation rates of folia endophytic fungi within different varieties of grape varied from 0.56 to 1.13. And the diversity indexes of folia endophytic fungi were varied from 1.32 to 2.39. Concerning the mature degree of grape leaves, mature leaves had the highest level in both isolation rates and diversity indexes than that of the younger leaves and leaves from diseased plants. Isolation rates and diversity indexes were seen significantly different of between one variety to another. The similarities of diversity and structure of folia endophytic fungi between grape varieties were mostly more than 50%. These results implied the existing of host specificity but relatively low diversities of folia endophytic fungi in grapevines.

  Preservation and Viability Determination of Macadamia Pollen 2014, 30 (13):  126-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2696 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 622349KB )   ( 554 ) In order to study the pollen preservation methods of Macadamia and provide a theoretical basis for the artificial pollination to increased production and cross breeding of parental combination, the pollen of Macadamia cultivars D was used as material, three drying methods include natural drying, drying in dishes and drying in 40 ℃ oven were used. The pollen were drying in the 40 ℃ oven for 2 h, 6 h, 10 h and 24 h respectively, then preserved in 4 ℃ for 5 d, 10 d, 15 d, 20 d, 25 d and 30 d, the pollen germination rate were determined in agar culture. The result showed that there were no significant differences of pollen germination rates between natural drying and drying dishes, but they all significantly higher than 40 ℃ oven. The pollen dried in natural and preserved 20 days can be used for artificial pollination. The germination rate of macadamia pollen which dried in drying dishes for 2 hours and 6 hours and then preserved 20 days were higher than 15%, these pollen can be used in production. The germination rate of macadamia pollen which dried in 40 ℃ oven were lower than 15% and have no value for artificial pollination. The germination rate of macadamia pollen which dried in natural for 2 hours and preserved in 4 ℃ for 5 days was 42.24%, it was the highest. Considering the convenience of environment regulation, the drying dishes were the best choice in production.

  Seed Germination and Hypocotyl Callus Induction of Ziziphus jujuba ‘Dongzao’ 2014, 30 (13):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2639 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 584685KB )   ( 522 ) The seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill cv. Dongzao from Shanxi were collected as the materials. The seed morphological indexes, such as the transverse diameter and vertical diameter were measured, the thousand kernel weight (TKW) was weighted, and the rate of kernel was counted. Then the optimal condition for seed germination was studied and the appropriate medium for hypocotyl callus induction was selected. The results showed that: 1) the transverse, vertical diameter of the seed were (8.62±0.05)mm and(17.95±0.05)mm, respectively; TKW was (54.27±4.62)g; the rate of kernel was (64.17±3.82)%, so Dongzao was one of the high rate varieties of Ziziphus jujube. 2) the seeds on germination medium with GA3 0.4g/L for 24h pretreatment could reach the 100% germination rate; the liquid germination medium was a bit better than the solid, but the difference was not significant. 3) the best hypocotyl callus induction medium was 1/2MS+ TDZ 1.0mg/L+ sucrose 30g/L, and the induction rate was 60％.

  Studies on Relationship ofMain Chinese jujube Cultivars by AFLP Markers 2014, 30 (13):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2765 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 894564KB )   ( 584 ) In order to acquire the relationship of Chinese jujube cultivars, 30 main Chinese jujube cultivars were analyzed by using AFLP technique and the genetic clustering analysis were also be studied. 9 primer pairs with best repeatability and stability were selected from 64 primer pairs, 399 bands were generated in total, in which 85 bands were mutual and 314 bands were polymorphic; the average percentage of polymorphic band was 78.70%. Then all of the 30 Chinese jujubes could be identified. The UPMGA showed the similarity coefficients were between 0.4654 and 0.8231, and the average similarity coefficient was 0.6223, The 30 cultivars and strains can be divided into 6 groups according to cluster analysis while the similarity was 0.666. These results provided a strong reference on the Chinese jujube cultivar classification and relationship analysis.

  Genomic DNA Extraction and RAPD Primer Screening of Pomegranate (Punica granatu .L) 2014, 30 (13):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2732 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 640548KB )   ( 459 ) The pomegranate cultivars from Pomegranate Germplasm Repository at Zaozhuang in Shandong were used as experimental materials. The genomic DNA was abstracted from pomegranate by CTAB method. The primers were screened by RAPD- PCR amplification. The results showed the genomic DNA was high quality that was suited for RAPD analysis. Twenty 10 bp primers with good polymorphism were screened from fifty RAPD primers. Total 180 bands were amplified from 10 cultivars, in which 134 bands were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic band was 74.4%.

  Establishment and Application of SCoT-PCR System for Litchi 2014, 30 (13):  147-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2596 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 1095040KB )   ( 607 ) The present study was aimed to establish and optimize SCoT-PCR amplification system of litchi, and conduct the identification and genetic diversity analysis of‘Ziniangxi’,‘Wuheli’, and their hybrids. Orthogonal design was applied to optimize litchi SCoT- PCR amplification system in five factors, including rTaq DNA polymerase, Mg2 + , DNA template, dNTPs and primers. The optimum reaction system (20μL) contained 30 ng template DNA, 1 U rTaq polymerase, 0.75μmol/L primers, 3 mmol/L Mg2+ and 0.3 mmmol/L dNTPs. The most suitable annealing temperature of primers was 50.6℃. Genetic analysis of‘Ziniangxi’,‘Wuheli’, and their hybrids were carried out using this SCoT-PCR system. A total of 280 loci were obtained using 32 SCoT primers and 131 loci were polymorphic. The real hybrids could be identified by SCoT. 60 hybrids can be identified by four SCoT primers. UPGMA cluster analysis and genetic similarity coefficient showed that the similarity coefficient of 30 hybrids ranged from 0.406 to 0.867, and 30 progenies could be grouped into three distinct families based on similarity of 0.68, indicating that it possessed rich genetic diversity. The optimum SCoT-PCR system of litchi was stable and very useful for genetic diversity analysis of litchi, which would possess considerable potential for litchi breeding.

  Residual Dynamics and safety assessment of Dimethoate in Bananas & the Orchard Soil 2014, 30 (13):  157-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2674 Abstract + ( 750 )   PDF ( 539390KB )   ( 675 ) In order to apply dimethoate scientifically and safely in bananas, the residue dynamics of dimethoate in bananas and the soil was studied. Using the methods of GC and field experiments, dimethoate residue were detected according to GB/T 5009.20-2003 and GB/T 14552-2003. The results showed that there was a certain amount of initial dimethoate residue in the bananas. The residual degradation dynamics of dimethoate could be followed first order kinetic equation, which the equation of dimethoate residual dynamics of recommended and double dosage were C＝1.4009·e-0.2404t and C＝2.2820·e-0.2369t, with T1/2 were 2.9 d and 3.0 d respectively. The equation of dimethoate residual dynamics in the soil was C＝4.5025·e-0.2348t, with T1/2 was 3.0 d. The final products residue in the bananas and the orchard soil had not been detected (detection limit of 0.005 mg/kg) after the second application for 62-66 d. Scientifically and rationally use of dimethoate in Fujian, the final product quality could accord with the maximum residue limit (MRL) established in NY/T 750- 2011, and eventually not cause pollution of soil environment.

  Study on Physiological Factors in Strawberry ‘Jingyao’ Inoculated with Anthracnose 2014, 30 (13):  161-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2686 Abstract + ( 750 )   PDF ( 819079KB )   ( 599 ) In order to research the influence of Anthracnose infection on the physiological factors related to resistance in a strawberry cultivar‘Jingyao’, the changes of 12 physiological factors involved in disease resistance were detected at different times after inoculated by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanin ammonialyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins, vitamin C, total phenols, lignin, chlorogenic acid (CHA), ferulic acid (FA) were showed increased first and then decreased in the 96 hours range. The time of the highest content of MDA was earlier than that of PAL, total soluble proteins, total phenols, FA, and later than that of SOD, POD, CAT, vitamin C, lignin, CHA. The increased folds of MDA content were less than that of CAT, PAL, total soluble proteins and more than that of other 8 physiological factors. The continuance time of high MDA content was longer than other physiological factors. These results suggested that the increasing extent and continuance time of other physiological factors involved in disease resistance were less than that of MDA, which might be correlation to the anthracnose-susceptible character of‘JiangYao’. Our results laid a foundation for further research the pathogenesis of C. gloeosporioides in ‘JiangYao’ and provided a reference for research on induce resistance of‘Jingyao’to anthracnose.

  The Relationship Between Sun Angle and the Spacing of Fruit Trees 2014, 30 (13):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2573 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 558647KB )   ( 1437 ) In Tai’an, use the trunk-shaped peach for example, the relationship between the angle of incidence of the sun (elevation, azimuth) and the spacing of fruit trees were studied to provide a theoretical basis of reasonable choice for the spacing and trunk height. The results showed that: in Tai’an and surrounding areas, with comprehensive analysis of the angle of incidence of the sun and tree height and other facts, in trunk-shaped pruning orchards with 4-meter mature trees, line spacing should choose 4-5 m. According to the relationships of trunk height and line spacing and tree spacing, in the new orchard, young trees trunk height 1.0 m, mature tree trunk height 0.8 m and tree spacing 2 m was appropriate.

  Studies on the Intraspecific Cross-Compatibility of Asiatic Hybrid Lily Cultivars 2014, 30 (13):  173-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0225 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 2381126KB )   ( 421 ) In order to promote China's rapid of development of lily breeding and cultivate good character breed. 7 Asiatic hybrid lily cultivars ‘Loreto’, ‘Apricot pixels’, ‘Lollypop’, ‘Tinos’, ‘Navona’, ‘Landini’, ‘Vemneer’ from abroad were used to test pollen viability, stigma receptivity and cross-compatibility. The results showed that the pollen viability of 5 Asiatic hybrid Lily cultivars ‘Lollypop’, ‘Loreto’, ‘Tinos’, ‘Apricot pixels’, ‘Vemneer’ were available as the male parent material. Stigma receptivity of 5 Asiatic hybrid Lily cultivars ‘Landini’, ‘Loreto’, ‘Navona’, ‘Tinos’, ‘Vemneer’ were all best, and increased from bud stage to florescence. Among the 8 crossing types of intraspecific crosses,‘Lollypop’× ‘Apricot pixels’ and ‘Loreto’× ‘Lollypop’ had low seed setting rate. ‘Apricot pixels’× ‘Loreto’, ‘Tinos’× ‘Apricot pixel’, ‘Vemneer’× ‘Tinos’, ‘Navona’× ‘Tinos’ had high seed setting rate. ‘Tinos’× ‘Vemneer’ and ‘Landini’× ‘Vemneer’ had not offspring.

  Determination on the Metallic Elements in Ixora chinensis Lam. by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 2014, 30 (13):  178-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2593 Abstract + ( 773 )   PDF ( 573389KB )   ( 414 ) In order to provide the basic data of production practice to Ixora chinensis Lam. and its comprehensive development and utilization, the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni were measured by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS) in 13 parts of the Ixora chinensis Lam. The result showed that, 10 elements existed in all the organs of the Ixora chinensis Lam. The order of the average content was: K＞Ca＞Na＞Mg/Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Cu＞Cr＞Ni. The content of the element was different among 13 parts of Ixora chinensis Lam.. The contents of Na, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni of all the organs in the Ixora chinensis Lam. belonged to the normal contents of the elements in plants. The contents of the K, Mg and Mn in the Ixora chinensis Lam. was slightly lower than the general plants. The contents of the Cr in the Ixora chinensis Lam. was slightly higher than the general plants.

  Changes of Endogenous Hormones During Syringa microphylla Cutting 2014, 30 (13):  186-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2704 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 652974KB )   ( 496 ) In order to establish efficient cutting technique system of Syringa microphylla, contents of 4 kinds of endogenous hormones (IAA、GA、ABA and ZR) in the process of adventitious root organogenesis were determined by hplc. The result showed that the contain of endogenous substance changed dynamically, in which the content of IAA and ZT increased first, then reduced, and finally rose slowly;but the content of ABA and GA3continued to decrease with fluctuation in the entire process. In the entire process of the adventitious root organogenesis, the tendency on the ratio of IAA/ABA went up continuously. The high activities of IAA, ZR and the ratios of IAA/ABA played a dominant role to promote the adventitious roots.

  Simultaneous Determination of Hederacoside C and α-Hederin in Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector 2014, 30 (13):  190-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2751 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 499506KB )   ( 536 ) In order to improve the detection sensitivity of saponins, a kind of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD) was established for the determination of hederacoside C and α-hederin in Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis. A welchrom column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mobile phase of water and acetonitrile solution. The flow rate was at 1.0 mL/min. This method showed good linearity for both hederacoside C (ranging from 0.19188 to 2.3985 μg) and α-hederin (ranging from 0.15615 to 4.6844 μg). The results demonstrated that this method was precise, accurate and can be used for the determination of hederacoside C and α-hederin .

  Study on Anatomy Structures of Leaves of Rare Wild Camellia sinensis from Guangxi 2014, 30 (13):  194-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2112 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 889775KB )   ( 569 ) The anatomy structures of leaves of 10 strains of wild Camellia sinensis from Guangxi were studied via paraffin-sectioning and optical microtechnique. The study based on the anatomy could help us to explore the ability of anti-drought, anti-cold, and anti-pest, which provided the scientific foundation to the tropical tea resource identifying and new varieties cultivating. The results showed that the thickness of several structures ,including blade, vein, epidermis cells, cuticula, fence form and sponge form significantly varied according to strain. The thickness of the upper epidermic cells ranged from 17.01μm to 29.34μm, and the upper epidermic cuticula ranged from 2.10μm to 5.76 μm. The ratio of thickness of fence form to sponge form ranged from 0.22 to 0.85, while the ratio of vein to blade ranged from 2.46 to 4.66. Further analysis indicated that JB2 and JB5 exhibited strongest ability in anti-cold, drought and pest, followed by JB1, JB3, JL1, respectively, which were considered as the top 5 strain of wild Camellia sinensis with stronger resistance.

  Effects of Different Light and Temperature Cultivation to Fragrant Substance of The Strong-flavor and Flue-cured tobacco Leaves 2014, 30 (13):  201-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2692 Abstract + ( 670 )   PDF ( 685949KB )   ( 454 ) Effects of different light and temperature cultivation on fragrant precursor and fragrant substance of the flue-cured tobacco leaves were conducted through C3F flue-cured tobacco leaves in Liuyang tobacco area , whose seedling stage was dealted with different levels of light and temperature, for a comparative analysis of carotenoid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, nonvolatile organic acid, neutral aroma components. Results showed that the content of carotenoid, chlorogenic acid and rutin are the highest in light environment curing barn, but the lowest in total amount and highest in citric acid, with the content of chlorogenic acid and rutin of control treatment higher than improving temperature and nonfill-in light treatment. Nonvolatile organic acid and malic acid are the highest in improved tempetature and filled-in light curing barn. Huge differences were found among every treatment in chlorophyll and carotenoid degradation products. The highest content was neophytadiene in light environment barn and carotenoid degradation products in improving temperature and fill-in light treatment. Improving temperature and fill-in light is the most advantageous to aroma quality in fragrant substance.

  Effect of Allicin on Seed Viability and Seedling Growth of Three Kinds of Vegetable 2014, 30 (13):  207-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2560 Abstract + ( 775 )   PDF ( 518593KB )   ( 426 ) The effects of allicin at different concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of Chinese cabbage, radish and lettuce were investigated using seed soaking and foliar spraying methods. Results showed that Allicin had some effects on seed germination of cabbage, radish and lettuce by soaking method, there were differences between crops and varieties. Allicin at the concentration of 200 mg/L soaked for 12 hours had no adverse effects on seed germination of radish and lettuce, but could delay seed germination of cabbage, reduce seed germination energy and germination index, had no effect on final germination rate. Allicin at the concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/L soaked for 12 hours could delay seed germination of cabbage and radish, and reduce its seed germination rates, germination energies and germination indexes, which its activity decreased with increased concentration. Then, the final germination rates of cabbage and radish were significantly reduced, but no effects on final germination of lettuce occurred. Allicin had significant promoting effects on seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight and hypocotyl width of cabbage at the concentrations of 200 mg/L soaked for 12 hours, had no significant promoting effects on those at the concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/L, but there were a significant difference between varieties, seedling main root and hypocotyl length shortened with increased concentration. Allicin could significantly promote seed germination, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight and hypocotyl width of radish, significantly inhibited its main root and hypocotyl growth at the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/L soaked, and significantly inhibited the seed germination of radish at the concentrations of 800 mg/L soaked. Allicin at the concentrations of 200 to 800 mg/L soaked could promote seed germination, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight and hypocotyl width of lettuce, and had obvious inhibitory effect on main root and hypocotyl length. Allicin at the concentrations of 200 to 800 mg/L sprayed had obvious promoting effect on seedling growth of 3 kinds of vegetable, mainly in the seedling fresh weight and root fresh weight increased, plant height and hypocotyl width increased, and had obvious inhibitory effect on main root growth, but there was not significant difference between different concentrations.

  Effects of Environmental Factors on Tomato Growth 2014, 30 (13):  214-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2710 Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 616439KB )   ( 580 ) To evaluate the effects of environmental factors on the biological characteristics of tomatoes in the greenhouse, the changes of environmental factors (temperature, light, soil moisture content) were determined. The results showed that the effect of light on tomatoes was higher than that of soil water content in the high-temperature environment (30℃ or higher). The speed of tomato growth and fruit development were improved in the case of lower light. The synthesis of chlorophyll was influenced in the soil moisture and light groups. Of the two groups, greater impact of soil water content on the synthesis of chlorophyll was observed. Of the three varieties, chlorophyll content was in descending order as follows: control groups> shade groups> drought groups.

  The Effect of Application of Selenate and Selenite to Soil on the Fruit Quality of Tomato 2014, 30 (13):  220-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3008 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 551586KB )   ( 475 ) The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of application of selenate and selenite to soil on the fruit quality of tomato. Two different varieties of tomato were employed as the testing materials. Selenate and selenite were applied to the soil with various concentrations (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 g/hm2), and then five basic quality indicators of ripe tomato fruits were measured. The results showed as follows: the concentration of soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble sugar, sugar acid ratio and soluble protein in test group, which was treated by Se-fertilizer, was higher than that of the control group. With the increasing concentration of Se, an approximate trend of all five indicators, which has increased first and then decreased, has been observed. This suggested that the effect of selenate was better than the effect of selenite and the first species (the tomato of large size) was better than the second (the tomato of small size). The results indicated that the best treatment for the first species of tomato and the second species of tomato was selenate with 15 g/hm2 and selenite with 7.5 g/hm2, respectively.

  The Effect Analysis of Soil Tested Formula Fertilization on Drip Irrigation Processing Tomatoes 2014, 30 (13):  225-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2862 Abstract + ( 646 )   PDF ( 439540KB )   ( 530 ) In order to further enhance the fertilizer level of processing tomato, to validate and improve the scientific rationality of soil testing and formulated fertilization in different soil fertility conditions, to provide reference basis for reasonable fertilization of the processing tomato in Xinjiang. To select different fertility soil, set the soil testing and fertilizer and conventional fertilization, comparing the effects of the processing tomato nutrient uptake, yield, fertilizer benefit. Under the same cultivation conditions, soil testing formula fertilization of processed tomatoes, plant height, fruit number per plant, leaf N, P, K nutrient content and yield of all had certain influence. Soil testing fertilization fertilizer efficiency significantly, fruit weight, fruit number per plant and yield of flat or increase, the highest yield increased by 10.19%, but the amount of fertilizer significantly reduced, net income increased 913-5323.5 yuan/hm2. The fertilization treatments on tomato fruit solids, pH and total acid content had no significant effect, soil testing formula fertilization treatment increased the content of lycopene.

  Effects of Seaweed Biologic Organic Fertilizer on Continuous Cropping Soil Environment and Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) Roem Seedling Biomass 2014, 30 (13):  230-235.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2772 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 654134KB )   ( 464 ) The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms and effects of seaweed biologic organic fertilizer on the plant growth of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) Roem. seedlings under replant conditions. Before the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) Roem. seedlings were planted in pots, the seaweed biologic organic fertilizer was added to pots in four rates: 0, 0.5% , 1.0% and 1.5% of seaweed biologic organic fertilizer per kilogram of replant soil. The results showed that seaweed biologic organic fertilizer applied to replant soil obviously enhanced the dry and fresh weight. The bacteria and actinomyces population quantities were increased by seaweed biologic organic fertilizer was added to soil, and the amount of fungi was decreased. Moreover, seaweed biologic organic fertilizer decreased the total of phenolic acids. So the seaweed biological organic fertilizer can reduce the apple continuous cropping obstacle.

  Effects of Loading of Different Distance between Fruit on Fruit Output and Quality in ‘Cuiguan’ and ‘Housui’ Pears 2014, 30 (13):  236-240.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2642 Abstract + ( 644 )   PDF ( 439050KB )   ( 399 ) Using fruit spacing method leave fruit on the pear cultivars of ‘Cuiguan’ and ‘Housui’, was studied effects of loading of different distance between fruit on output and quality. Results showed that: for the two selected cultivars, the single fruit weight, soluble solid content and total soluble sugar increased while the output per tree and stone cell content decreased along with the augment of distance between fruit. At the same time, there were no effects on fruit shape index, fruit core ratio and fruit firmness for the different distance between fruit. But fruits with highest titratable acid and ascorbic acid were located at 25 cm distance between fruit. It was concluded that the quality and output were optimal at the 25 cm distance between fruit for ‘Cuiguan’ and ‘Housui’.

  Current Status of Citrus Studies Based on Analysis of Projects Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China 2014, 30 (13):  241-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2753 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 592477KB )   ( 652 ) Citrus is one of the most important fruit trees in China. The projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China represent the current status and trends of some subject. In our studies, the projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China were searched using ISIS from 1997 to 2011 and analysed based on project number, project support organization, project application code and project leader. The results showed that citrus projects had increased. Among all projects, general project was one of the most primary types. Projects for youth and undeveloped areas had distinctiely. Citrus projects had mainly involved life science yield and covered in molecular biology. Citrus project support organization included all citrus main production provinces. Huazhong Agricultural University had been funded by most citrus projects. Young Scholars had 50% percent of project leaders. Almostly one third of leaders had been funded more than one times. Our studies would be helpful in learning status and trends of citrus in China and could be used as references for project application in the future.

  Reduction Fertilization for Banana under Unsaturated Irrigation 2014, 30 (13):  247-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2789 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 513603KB )   ( 435 ) A field experiment of reductive fertilization on banana under unsaturated irrigation condition was carried out to establish a technological system for irrigating and fertilizing scientifically. The results showed that, as compared with traditional fertilizers management(as CK), the leaf number, leaf width during floral emergence and SPAD values were efficiently enhanced, the yield of banana under drip irrigation was significantly increased by 9.9% to 14.3%, since the finger number, finger length and finger girth of banana under drip irrigation were efficiently enhanced. Meanwhile, the amount of fertilizers used in drip irrigation could be decreased than that used in the traditional method. Especially, the N-fertilizer and K-fertilizer could be reduced 98kg/hm2 to 254kg/hm2 and 337 kg/hm2 to 1024 kg/hm2, respectively. Based on the results, it showed that the benefit of banana production was increased significantly by fertigation which compared with the conventional irrigation and fertilization. It also suggested that the method of fertigation was a suitable irrigation and fertilization technique for banana production in Hainan.

  Study on Budinitiation and Rooting of Cymbidium goeringii‘Jinheding’and‘Chihui’ 2014, 30 (13):  252-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2770 Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 440985KB )   ( 529 ) Taking ‘jinheding’ and ‘chihui’ as parents, rootstocks were used as materials for studying the budinitiation and rooting of rootstocks. There were including the effects of BA and IBA on the budinitiation and the effects of BA and NAA on the rooting. The result showed that 1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L+BA2mg/L was the best medium for budinitiation and 1/2MS +BA0.1mg/L +NAA2mg/L was the best medium for rooting. Cross breeding technology combining with tissue culture was the effective way for the new species breeding of Cymbidium.

  Effect of Inorganic Salts Concentrations in Medium and Culture Methods on Proliferation and Growth of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 2014, 30 (13):  256-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2944 Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 452584KB )   ( 411 ) The study was conducted to investigate the effect of inorganic salts concentrations and culture methods on the proliferation of Gardenia jasminoides, in order to supply theoretical bases for large-scale and rapid production. Gardenia jasminoides plantlets in vitro were used as experiment materials. The results showed that the standard MS strength (1.0 MS) was optimal. In addition, 60 mmol/L nitrogen and 40 mmol/L NO3- mixed 20 mmol/L NH4+ in medium were the most appropriate for proliferation of Gardenia jasminoides plantlets in vitro. Ebb and flood bioreactor culture was the most suitable culture method.

  Survey of Sugarcane Production in Guangxi in 2013 2014, 30 (13):  260-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0238 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 620636KB )   ( 736 ) In order to fully understand sugarcane production in Guangxi in 2013, the investigations combining with data collection and field survey were carried out in sugarcane production areas in Nanning, Hechi, Liuzhou, Chongzuo, Baise and Laibin from May 28 to June 36 in 2013. It was found that: the sugarcane plant area in Guangxi in 2013 had declined compared with that in 2012; the rate of emergence remained the same with last year, and as for the number of new planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane per hectare, there was a decline of 4000 and 2000 seedlings respectively compared with the figure in 2012; borer damage rate had reduced on the whole, while culmicolous smut of sugarcane had increased. Dued to the growth in the cost of planting, the planters were less enthusiastic for management. According to the findings, the fertilization, hilling and other filed management targeting sugarcane plantation should be accelerated; borer prevention work was also required, so as to reduce borer damage and dieback rate; the varieties of plant structure had to be adjusted and the cultivated area of the variety of ‘Guitang’ sugarcane ought to be enlarged, and meanwhile active measures needed to be taken to prevent and control the outburst of pest attack in local areas.

  The Characteristics and the Relationships Between Humus Compounds and Organic Nitrogen Compounds in Different Altitude Soil of Zhangjiajie Tobacco Planting Area 2014, 30 (13):  269-273.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3292 Abstract + ( 672 )   PDF ( 514002KB )   ( 391 ) In order to reveal the characteristics of humus compounds and organic nitrogen compounds and their relationships with altitude in tobacco planting soil of Zhangjiajie, 25 soil samples were collected from four pathway located by GPS technology in different altitude and their humus compounds and organic nitrogen compounds were analyzed. The results showed that the average amount of soil humus, humus aicd, humic aicd and soil organic matter activity reached the peak in the altitude of 601-800 meter, the average amount of fulvic acid and humin were much high in the same altitude. The compositions of acid organic nitrogen represented clear regular as the altitude change, ammonium nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen and unknown nitrogen all increased and then decreased with the rising of altitude, total acid hydrolysable nitrogen, acid hydrolysable ammonium nitrogen, acid hydrolysable amino nitrogen and unknown acid hydrolysable nitrogen all got the high level in the altitude of 400-600 m, the comprehensive nitrogen supplying capacity were best in this altitude. Soil humus compounds and organic nitrogen compounds showed significant correlation relationship, the relationships between amino acid nitrogen and humus aicd, humic aicd, humin and the relationships between amino sugar nitrogen and humus aicd, fulvic acid, humin were all highly significant.

  Distribution Characteristics of Soil organic Matter and pH and the Correlation to Soil Nutrients in Apple Orchards of Yantai 2014, 30 (13):  274-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2514 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 469918KB )   ( 491 ) The aim of this study is to understand the soil status of Yantai apple orchard and provide the basis for the management of fertilization. Distribution characteristics of soil pH and organic matter were studied by analyzed from 3354 soil samples in Yantai apple production area, and then the relationship between soil pH, organic matter and soil nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that: the mean soil pH in Yantai apple production area was 5.21, and about 31.88% of the soil samples had pH 5.51-6.50. The percentage of samples which soil pH was below 5.5 accounted for 56.46%. The mean soil organic matter in Yantai apple production area was 9.78 g/kg, and about 58.31% of the samples were less than 10.00 g/kg. The soil pH had significantly negative correlation with available Zn and Mn, and significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter and total N content. The soil organic matter had significantly positive correlation with all soil nutrients except available P, and the correlation between soil organic matter and available P was positive but not significantly. Therefore, preventing soil acidification and enhancing the level of organic matter were the urgent task to achieve the goal of sustainable development of fruit industry in Yantai.

  The Analysis of Apple Orchards Soil Fertility Condition in Southern Xinjiang 2014, 30 (13):  279-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2527 Abstract + ( 576 )   PDF ( 559896KB )   ( 383 ) In order to study the difference of soil nutrient elements distribution characteristic between different‘Fuji’apple orchards with various soil texture and tree age. Take full fruit and sapling period orchards respectively with loam, sandy and clay soil as research objects. Analyze for organic matters and nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, B, Mg) in 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm depths soil layer. The result showed that: (1) The content of organic matters and nutrient elements in full fruit period orchards was high than in sapling. (2) There were great differences in element content between various soil texture and tree age orchards. Loam and clay soil had same distribution regularity. (3) There were some difference of elements content between soil layer, especially soil organic and B, reached significant difference. (4) The apple orchard soil and fertilizer management in Akesu prefecture should pay attention on increasing organic fertilizer nitrogen and boron elements application. The management of sand orchard should also increase calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer.

  Guangxi Wild Vitis quinquangularis Fruit Correlation Analysis of Main Quality Traits 2014, 30 (13):  284-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2517 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 450161KB )   ( 552 ) In order to solve a large number of breeding in the process of material selection, determination of quality traits of heavy work, 45 germplasms of wild Vitis quinquangularis were chosen to investigate and analyze the correlation between juice yield, water soluble total sugar, VC, total acid, tannin, protein. The results indicated that Vitis quinquangularis germplasm nutrients content vary widely; the correlation coefficients of juice yield and tannin, water soluble total sugar and total acid, total acid and protein were at very significant negative correlations level. The correlation coefficients of water soluble total sugar and tannin were at very significant correlations level. The correlation coefficients of other traits were at the no significant level.

  Study on the Forecast of Orseolia oryzae Emergency Size based on REMCC-BPNN 2014, 30 (13):  289-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2871 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 547563KB )   ( 484 ) In order to improve the predictive accuracy of the Orseolia oryzae emergency size and control area affected by Orseolia oryzae effectively, an improved Back-propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model named REMCC-BPNN was proposed. REMCC-BPNN optimizes the training model for BPNN based on the minimum correlation coefficient of the absolute value of the K nearest neighbor training samples’ fitting relative error and the K training samples’ time order. This study utilized air temperature and precipitation as influencing factors to forecast pest management independently. The results of two instances (Orseolia oryzae emergency size in Huazhou City and Yongning County of Guangxi Province) indicated that the prediction accuracy of REMCC-BPNN was 94% and 100% respectively, which was better than that of several traditional used models, such as SVR-CAR, MIV-BPNN. REMCC-BPNN has a promising application prospect in the forecast of pest management.

  Comprehensive Control Effects of Botanical Medcine, Qinongsu and Chenmical Medicine on Tobacco Black Shank Disease 2014, 30 (13):  294-298.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2400 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 578146KB )   ( 460 ) To test the control effect of botanical medicine and chemical medicine joint health technology on tobacco black shank disease, in order to ascertain the further exploring feasibility, the field experiments in two areas were conducted within a year. It was shown that, the compatibility of botanical medicine, chemical synergistic agent and flumorph plus fosetyl-aluminium decreased disease index by 78.61%. To achieve the best effect, we should apply 600 g/hm2 Qinongsu, 600 kg/hm2 botanical exacts with flumorph plus fosetyl-aluminium to roots 2-3 times before or just when black shank disease occurs, with high black shank resistance tobacco varieties after three times preventions of seedling diseases, if under slightly continuous cropping obstacle.

  Study on Prevention of Bactericide on Agaricus bisporus Mycogone peniciosa Magn. 2014, 30 (13):  299-303.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2185 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 503807KB )   ( 392 ) In order to solve the long- term use of single agents make the pathogen produced prevention resistance and compound on Agaricus bisporus Mycogone peniciosa Magn, Agaricus bisporus Mycogone for detection of bacteria, the laboratory efficacy test plate on 21 kinds of bactericide, and screening of fungicides combination on the wart Neurospora self- control ability of the mushroom bed application verification. The results showed, control effect against Mycogone peniciosa mildew and influence on the growth of Agaricus bisporus, different bactericide has the very big difference, bactericide which used 4000 times and 4800 times (25% procymidoneo thiram WP + 70% chlorothalonil WP, the volume ratio of 1:1) and compound bactericidal agent 4000 times (40% carbendazimo thiram WP +70% chlorothalonil WP, the volume ratio of 1:1) treatment of covering materials, to prevent Mycogone peniciosa Magn had good effect, and the mushroom hypha growth and fruit body development without adverse effects. The production is worth promoting .

  Measurement of Effective Cumulative Temperatures and Prediction of Potential Geographic Distribution of Euzophera Pyriella Yang in China 2014, 30 (13):  304-308.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2693 Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 981142KB )   ( 510 ) Euzophera pyriella Yang, which had caused a great economic loss to fruit industry in Xinjiang, is one of the unique fruit pests in Xinjiang. To further study the basic biological characteristics of Euzophera Pyriella Yang and provide theoretical basis for forecast and IPM, the developmental threshold temperatures and effective accumulated temperatures were analyzed with the method of effective accumulated temperature principle under the situation of constant temperature and variable temperature. On that basis, the prediction of potential geographic distribution of Euzophera Pyriella Yang in China was also studied by using the CLIMEX. The results showed that the developmental threshold temperatures and effective accumulated temperatures of Euzophera pyriella Yang for egg, larva, pupae and generation respectively were 7.32±2.39, 7.28±1.88, 4.06±1.87, 6.85±1.63 ℃ and 94.77±10.82, 525.09±51.27, 194.96±18.52, 806.14±65.75 degree-day. Euzophera pyriella Yang accomplished 3 generations per year in Aksu and Korla. The suitable habitats of Euzophera Pyriella Yang were Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Neimenggu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, north of Jiangsu, north of Anhui, northwest of Hubei, north of Yunnan, most areas of Sichuan and small areas of east Tibet in China. This paper pointed out that the period of outbreak should be forecasted with the forecasting formula, and the measures of prevention and control were carried through timely. The quarantine was strengthened, and nonproliferation became feasible only through highly valuation.

  Effect of Three Bioassay Methods on Toxicity of Insecticides Against Larvae of Thrips hawaiiensis 2014, 30 (13):  309-312.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2852 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 470606KB )   ( 589 ) In an effort to test scientific and reasonable bioassay of Thrips hawaiiensis, laboratory studies were conducted on the effect of three bioassay methods including centrifuge tube residual bioassay, leaf-dip bioassay and leaf-tube residual bioassay on toxicity of five original insecticides to against larvae of T. hawaiiensis. It was revealed that toxicity results of the 5 insecticides varied differently among the treatments, leaf-tube residual bioassay performed the highest toxicity and the toxicity (LC50) order was emamectin-benzoate(0.36 mg/L)＞ chlorpyrifos(0.90 mg/L)＞ imidacloprid(1.64 mg/L)＞ betacy-permethrin(4.70 mg/L)＞ buprofezin(12.53 mg/L), which was consistent with centrifuge tube residual bioassay, for emamectin-benzoate(1.63 mg/L)＞ chlorpyrifos(2.18 mg/L)＞ imidacloprid(6.59 mg/L)＞ betacy-permethrin(7.38 mg/L)＞ buprofezin(22.06 mg/L). Whereas toxicity order was imidacloprid (2.15 mg/L)＞ emamectin-benzoate(2.29 mg/L)＞ betacy-permethrin(7.21 mg/L)＞ chlorpyrifos(7.40 mg/L)＞ buprofezin(14.95 mg/L) when leaf-dip bioassay was applied in the research. In summary, present study suggested above three methods would be establish and apply in laboratory bioassay on Thrips hawaiiensis, and centrifuge tube residual bioassay was more suitable for using in contact toxicity bioassay.

  Field Efficacy Assessment of 5 Insecticides Against Sugarcane Borers 2014, 30 (13):  313-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2898 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 462623KB )   ( 811 ) Control effects and application techniques of different insecticides against sugarcane borers were investigated to screen out the effective insecticides controlling sugarcane borers. Bored stalk rate and bored node rate were used to evaluate the control efficacies of five insecticides in field trials. The effects of insecticide applications on sugar content and cane yield were also analyzed. The results showed that, for both plant cane and ratoon cane, comparing with blank control, the all insecticide treatments showed varied control efficacies on sugarcane borers, and sugar content and cane yield had been increased in sugarcane treated with insecticide. Among the all insecticide treatments, isopropyl- terbufos 5% GR 75 kg/hm2 showed the highest control efficacy of 76.59% in terms of bored stalk rate and of 87.83% in terms of bored node rate respectively, and after this treatment, sugar content and cane yield were up to 15.72% and 101382.15 kg/hm2 respectively, with content and yield increase of 0.64% and 7832.40 kg/hm2 compared with the control. The control efficacies with bisultap 3.6% GR 90 kg/hm2 of bored stalk rate and bored node rate were 72.34% and 84.26%, and sugar content and cane yield were 15.66% and 100234.35 kg/hm2, respectively, with content and yield increase of 0.58% and 6684.60 kg/hm2 compared with the control. It concluded that isopropyl-terbufos 5% GR 75 kg/hm2 or bisultap 3.6% GR 90 kg/hm2 at the large earthing-up stage could effectively control sugarcane borers, and bring significant increase in both sugar content and sugarcane yield.

  Propolis Beeswax Experimental Study on the Prevention and Control of Fruit Tree Fungus Diseases 2014, 30 (13):  317-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2909 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 696093KB )   ( 443 ) In order to improve fruit quality, fruit yield and fruit tree of life, overcome side effects of chemical agents to fruit, fruit trees, the human body and the environment, using the beeswax, propolis extracts and Chinese herbal medicine extracts compound, the formation of deep coffee color paste preparation has better effects of prevention and cure on fungal diseases of fruit trees. In the laboratory, with extracts of propolis and Chinese herbal medicine for antibacterial test, results showed that the diluted concentration of 50% propolis extracts on Penicillium cyclopium and Aspergillus niger had significant inhibiting effect; the diluted concentration of 20% Chinese herbal medicine extracts on these 2 species of fungi had extremely significant inhibiting effect. With 2 factors and 3 levels, orthogonal test (no interaction) and inhibiting fungi experiment were carried out. We found that the combination of A1B3 was the optimal combination, the antibacterial rate more than 90% to 2 species of fungi. In the orchard, smearing of propolis beeswax compound preparation on pruning branches and suffer from rot fruit trees, can play a good effect of protection and control.