Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.14 Published:15 May 2014

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  Effects of Six Nitrogenous Compounds on Seed Germination of Medicago sativa L. under Na2CO3 Stress 2014, 30 (14):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2880 Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 635948KB )   ( 431 ) The research aimed to investigate the effects of various nitrogenous compounds on seed germination of Medicago sativa L. under basic Na2CO3 stress. Six nitrogenous compounds were used in the experiment, each at eight concentrations. Seed germination percentage was calculated. The result showed that none of the nitrogenous compounds could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effect of 25 mmol/L Na2CO3 on seed germination of M. sativa. Several treatments approached or exceeded the control. Treatments with all tested compounds except NH4H2PO4 at higher concentrations decreased the germination significantly. Early germination, recovery germination and total germination under treatment with 80 mmol/L NH4H2PO4 (pH 6.63) were higher than those under the control, not significant statistically. These results further indicated that stress effect of salt was closely related with pH. More extensive trials were needed to explore the possibility of ameliorating soil salinity based on alkaline decrease in improving crop production in saline-alkali soil.

  Analysis of the Correlations between Milk Performance and Body Weight in Various Blood Line Dairy Cows 2014, 30 (14):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3263 Abstract + ( 641 )   PDF ( 441137KB )   ( 430 ) For studying the effect of the various blood line on milk performance and early body weight, eightyfive dairy cows were divided into three groups according to the various blood line of Holstein Friesian and milk performance of first lactation and body weight (birth, 2, 4, 6 and 9 mo) were measured, respectively. The results showed that the milk performance and body weight were improved with the increasing of upgrading. The correlation coefficients between milk performance of first lactation and body weight among three groups were highly significant (P＜0.01) at 6 mo and significant (P＜0.05) or highly significant (P＜0.01) at birth and 9 mo. The milk performance and body weight gap between pure Holstein and descendants by grading hybridization were reduced gradually with the increasing of upgrading. There was significant positive correlation between milk performance and body weight (birth and 6 mo) in different blood line of Holstein Friesian.

  Epidemiological Investigation of Large-scale Dairy Farm on Tuberculosis andParatuberculosis in Shandong Province 2014, 30 (14):  10-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2750 Abstract + ( 1095 )   PDF ( 487073KB )   ( 998 ) Along with the rapid development of dairy industry in China, bovine tuberculosis was becoming more and more serious threat to dairy industry. Thus, prevention and control of bovine tuberculosis attracted much more attention nowadays. However, lack of the epidemic data and effective vaccine of tuberculosis posed the greatest obstacle to control bovine tuberculosis in China. Therefore, Dairy herds were intracutaneous inoculated the purified tuberculin and purified paratuberculine and detected by interferon gamma release assay to carry out allergy for a survey of bovine tuberculosis and bovine paratuberculosis in Shandong Province. From 2010 to 2012, we randomly detected 1678 cows in different areas of Shandong Province. The results showed that bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis positive rates of herds were reduced from 35.42% and 29.34% in 2010 to 25% and 14.93% in 2012, respectively. It indicated that the tuberculosis and paratuberculosis can be controlled and even purified by monitoring dairy herds, treating positive cows innocuously and isolating suspected cows.

  Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Prescription Gong Jing on the Anti-inflammatory in the Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cell 2014, 30 (14):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3252 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 678553KB )   ( 458 ) To learn the effect and mechanism of Chinese herbal compound prescription. In this study, LPS was used to establish endometrial epithelial cell model of cow inflammatory injury, 100 ?g/mL lipopolysaccharide was chosen to treat the epithelial cell for 12 h, which was screened by MTT assay. Chinese herbal compound prescription Gong Jing of 2 mg/mL was used to cure cow inflammatory injury. Then IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA was detected at 3h, 6 h and12 h respectively by Real-time-PCR. The results showed that compared with the control group, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly increased at 6 h, 12 h of model group (P<0.01); IL-1β and IL-8 was significantly elevated at 3 h of model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, Gong Jing made IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 decrease significantly to 3h model group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while IL-6, IL-8 reduced notably to 6 h model group (P<0.01), and only IL-8 decreased to 12 h model group(P<0.05). In conclusion, LPS could induce IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 mRNA expression, and traditional Chinese medicine had a certain anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 mRNA expression.

  Studies on Activities of Digestive Enzymes and Nonspecific Immune Enzymes of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii at Different Growth Stages 2014, 30 (14):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2567 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 763325KB )   ( 490 ) The aim of this trial was to investigate nutritional requirement and nonspecific immunity of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii at different growth stage. Large sums of samples collected at different times (day 0, 10, 17, 21, 34, 63, 77, 90 after culture) were used to evaluate the activities of digestive enzymes (acid protease, alkaline protease, amylase, lipase) and nonspecific immune enymes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase) of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii in hepatopancreas.The results showed that the activities of digestive enzymes and nonspecific immune enzymes in hepatopancreas of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii changed significantly with the shrimp growth. Alkaline protease activity reached to the highest peak at 10 day and the minimum and maximum were found at 17 and 90 days. Acid protease activity was not detected at 0 day and the highest activity was found at 63 day. The activities of amylase and lipase fluctuated in wave-like curves. Amylase activity reached to the maximum level at 0 day, and two peaks were detected at 34 and 77 days, respectively. Lipase activity reached to the two peaks at 21 and 77 day and the lowest level was at 90 day. Both of acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activities reached to the low at 21 day, after that, they began to dropped at 77 and 63 day, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase activity reached to the lowest and highest levels at 17 and 63 day, respectively.The nonspecific immunoenzyme activities of Parapenaeopsis harbwickii could be enhanced by adding adequate immunostimulants to bait before 21 day (body length<36 mm) and after 63 day (body length>57.85mm) of the culture period.

  Study on the Tissue Specificity of 8 Isozymes in Cyprinus carpio from Dongping Lake 2014, 30 (14):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3185 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 2310388KB )   ( 524 ) For the purpose of providing biochemical genetic standards for germplasm identification of cyprinus carpio from Dongping Lake, as well as offering appropriate protection and utilization of the resources, eight isozymes(LDH, MDH, EST, CAT, POD, G6PDH, IDH, ADH) from six tissues (liver, heart, spleen, kidney, muscle and eye) of Cyprinus carpio collected from Dongping lake were studied by SDS-PAGE.Furthermore, isozyme loci and zymograms were also analyzed. The results indicated that eight isozymes in the six tissues showed distinct specificities, which is attributed to the physiological functions of different tissues.

  Immunohistochemical Localization of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) in the tissues of Carassius auratus gibelio 2014, 30 (14):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2787 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 1737532KB )   ( 623 ) To evaluate the function ofγ- aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) in different tissues by observing the specific distribution in central nervous system and peripheral tissues of Carassius auratus gibelio. Using GABAARα1 subunit (GABAARα1) as the detection indicator of GABAAR, this study was conducted by immunohistochemical method to investigate the localization of GABAAR in the telencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, liver and kidney of C. auratus gibelio. The results showed that, GABAAR widely existed in the telencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, liver and kidney of C. auratus gibelio. Its highest density was recorded in the cerebellum, and followed by the mesencephalon, medulla oblongata, telencephalon, kidney and liver. Among these tissues, the density of GABAAR was high in the corpus striatum of telencephalon, the optic tectum of mesencephalon, molecular layer and Purkinje cells of cerebellum, the vagus lobe of medulla oblongata, kidney tubules and hepatocytes. The research revealed that GABAAR was mainly distributed in central nervous system of C. auratus gibelio, and also had a small amount of distribution in peripheral tissues. This study aimed at laying a scientific basis for the distribution and localization of GABAAR in C. auratus gibelio.

  Establishment of Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE) for Coelomic Fluid in Apostichopus japonicus 2014, 30 (14):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3218 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 906061KB )   ( 468 ) In order to use 2-DE analysis in the coelomic fluid proteins of Apostichopus japonicus. The protein extraction methods, sample volume, pH of IPG gel strips and isoelectric focusing programs were optimized to obtain best results. The results showed that the protein yield and purity were increased by improved TCA-acetone precipitation treatment. The resolution and reproducibility of 2-DE profiles were significantly improved by electing 8.5 cm ( pH 4-6.5) IPG gel strips, loading the sample 45 μg and seting 250 v, 7 mA isoelectric focusing for 30 min then 1000 v for 3 h. The result offered an important reference in screening differential expression protein and proteomics in Apostichopus japonicus.

  Measurement and Analysis of China's Marine Fisheries Scientific and Technological Progress Contribution Rate 2014, 30 (14):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3269 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 542223KB )   ( 429 ) In order to analyze the degree of influence of science and technology input in China's marine fishery industry，this paper used Cobb-Douglas production function method to build China's marine fisheries scientific and technological progress contribution rate calculation model. Based on 2001—2010 data related to the production of China’s marine fisheries, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress during the 10th-five-year period and the 11th-five-year period were estimated. The results showed that with respect to the 10th-five-year period, the scientific and technological progress contribution rate of China’s marine fisheries in the 11th-five-year period has increased, but was still at a low level, which indicated that the technological level of China's marine fisheries was lagging behind and the degree of its contribution to the economic development of marine fisheries was low. At last some countermeasures and suggestions on improving the level of scientific and technological development of marine fisheries were proposed, i.e. increasing research investment, improving R & D level, establishing marine fisheries science and technology promotion mechanisms, encouraging and guiding the transformation and enhancing the construction of marine fisheries scientific and technological information system.

  The Internal Structure of the Secondary Industry in Xinjiang Seasonal Variation——Distribution of employed population by industry based on empirical research 2014, 30 (14):  52-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2076 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 992770KB )   ( 609 ) Using 2000 to 2011 employment by industry in Xinjiang, demographic data, administrative area and administrative zoning map and other information, the use of geostatistics, time series analysis methods, combined with GIS, Geoda spatial analysis tools within the secondary industry in Xinjiang the spatial structure and timing variations were analyzed, the study found: (1)2011 Xinjiang second intra- industry mining, manufacturing, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industry, construction, respectively, showing the two independent center - periphery structure, the two‘C’- type structure,‘one axis wings’structure, and the‘Yi’type structure; (2)2011 Xinjiang regions within each industry, there is a second space industry agglomeration; Aksu, Kashi is the mining, manufacturing remarkable gathering area; Aksu Area is remarkable power industry gathering area. (3)2000 to 2011 secondary industry in Xinjiang during the internal structure of the industry changes in the larger proportion of which mining and power industry for changes in the internal structure of the secondary industry plays an important role.

  Study on the Factors That Influence the Stability of Strategic Alliance of Agriculture Industrialization Enterprises in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (14):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2290 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 458169KB )   ( 567 ) Strategic alliance enterprises of agricultural industrialization in Heilongjiang province is still in its infancy, affect the stability factors threaten union competitiveness, so it is very important factor of influence the stability of strategic alliance. The author in connection with the actual characteristics of Heilongjiang Province union in many scholars research foundation, analysis of partner selection matching, trust risk, cultural fit, the external environment of the 4 factors were the main factors that influenced the stability of strategic alliance enterprises of agricultural industrialization in Heilongjiang Province, using game theory analysis and found out the root of unstable factors, put forward the correct choice of alliance partners, establishing detailed contract system, strengthen cross-cultural learning exchanges, enhance the ability to adapt to the external environment to enhance strategic alliance of enterprises of agricultural industrialization of Heilongjiang Province, to provide reference for the improvement of comprehensive strength of enterprises of agricultural industrialization in Heilongjiang Province.

  Empirical Analysis of Grain Production and Rural Floating Population from Outflow and Inflow Under the Aspect of Regional Grain Security——A Case Study of Anhui Province and Shanghai City 2014, 30 (14):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2314 Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 517923KB )   ( 458 ) In order to realize the relationship between the rural floating population and the regional grain production, and protect the regional grain security, the article uses the empirical analysis method to study the grain production and the rural floating population in Anhui province and Shanghai City. The results showed that, the increase of the rural floating population outflow did not lead to regional food production to reduce, and the increase of the rural floating population inflows would not lead to regional food production increases. It meant that there was a reverse variation relationship between the rural floating population and regional grain production. On the whole, the flow of the rural floating population can promote regional grain production. In order to protect the regional grain security, according to two conditions of rural floating population outflow and inflow, some advises are proposed separately to lead rural floating population and achieve the increase of regional grain production.

  Market Performance Analysis of Tourism Industry in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (14):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2390 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 560545KB )   ( 546 ) In order to study the market performance of Heilongjiang Province, through learning and reading lots of related literature, summarized in this paper the DEA model in the market performance of the industry. On this basis, I have been using SCP theory for Heilongjiang tourism market structure, market behavior and market performance of the situation analysis. Secondly, through the use of DEA mathematical envelope method, the travel agency in Heilongjiang Province as a decision making unit, the travel agency's fixed assets, number of employees, number of enterprises as input indicators, business income, business taxes and surcharges as output indicators, analysis of the output results of the model. Again, analysis of these three kinds of index technology index, the output results of pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency indicators index, obtained the Heilongjiang tourism market performance was not high in conclusion. Finally, according to the Heilongjiang tourism market performance was also not high, enterprise behavior was not standardized, the tourism development was still not perfect, and put forward some suggestions for the development of tourism industry in Heilongjiang Province.

  An Empirical Study on The County Economy and The Coordinated Urban-Rural Coupling Relation ——Taking Qing-Yan-Wei City Group as An Example 2014, 30 (14):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2587 Abstract + ( 634 )   PDF ( 518175KB )   ( 540 ) In order to explore the relationship and the law between the development of county economy and the coordination of urban- rural, fill the blank of the relevant theoretical research, on the basis of the domestic related research, the author established the county economy and urban-rural coordination evaluation index system, using the mean-square deviation weight method to study the coupling relationship between county economy and urban-rural in Qing-Yan-Wei urban agglomeration. It was found that: the county comprehensive economic development level was relatively best in Weihai, followed by Qingdao, Yantai relatively backward. The coupling relationship between the coordination of urban-rural and county economy had little overall difference between Qing-Yan-Wei of the city group. It was indicated that the rapid development of county economy was not entirely eliminate the urban-rural dual structure.

  Current Mode, Distribution and Countermeasures for Eco-agriculture Development of Shandong Province 2014, 30 (14):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2962 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 591980KB )   ( 530 ) The special research was conducted on aimed to the current situation, spatial distribution, development mode etc for eco-agriculture development of Shandong Province. The obvious advantages, such as market, eco- environment, agricultural policy and technology of eco- agriculture development in Shandong Province, and the shortcomings, such as the market demand is not clear, the agriculture scale is too small, the shortage and low quality of agricultural labor force, lack of the body of the hidden costs of eco-agriculture, the pollution of agricultural environment is serious and etc were summarized. The characteristics of agricultural producing process and spatial distribution of eco-agriculture of Shandong Province were analyzed. There were 6 eco-agricultural regions in Shandong Province, such as the eco-agricultural region of Shandong peninsula and coast and the eco- agricultural region of western plain of Shandong Province. Shandong Province has formed the three-dimensional eco-agriculture of forest and grain, the three-dimensional eco-agriculture of vegetable, biogas and farming, the three- dimensional eco- agriculture of planting, farming and fishing, the combinative eco- agriculture of planting and farming, and the eco- agriculture of tour. Countermeasures and suggestions to promote the eco-agriculture development of Shandong Province, from strengthen the declaration and protection of agricultural geographical indication products, strengthen the research and promotion of modern agricultural technology, breed and introduce famous characteristic agricultural species, eliminate the pollutants in environment and other measures , are put forward.

  The Problems About Location Downfall in Gansu Province Based on Vector Auto-regression Model 2014, 30 (14):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1841 Abstract + ( 624 )   PDF ( 590581KB )   ( 800 ) Based on the background of the strategic position of Gansu Province has been decreasing, the author combined with the concept and forms of“downfall”, discussed the content of the location downfall from industry, transportation, talents aspects, used the OLS and VAR model to analyze the influence factors of location downfall and its own contribution. Through in-depth analysis the phenomenon, structure, process and reason of Gansu Province in the national strategic position downfall, for providing the method and decision to improve the status for Gansu Province.

  Floor Area Ratio Modification Method in Urban Basic Land Price Assessment——A Case Study in Qinzhou District, Tianshui City 2014, 30 (14):  92-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1994 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 633923KB )   ( 921 ) The author took Qinzhou District in Tianshui City as an example, and analyzed the establishment of sample point’s land price-floor area ratio model and determination of floor area ratio (FAR) modification; introduced calculation of floor area ratio in land evaluation briefly as well. The results showed that: (1) correction coefficient of FAR varied in different land use purpose and classification; (2) the growth rate of land price would decrease with increasing FAR; (3) bigger FAR was not always better, the best FAR should be determined under comprehensive consideration of economic, social and ecological benefit. It had provided a basis for the government to improve its land market management level, guide investors and formulate policies.

  Comparison Among Three Chinese Journal-ranking Systems and Their Evaluation of Aquaculture Journals 2014, 30 (14):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1904 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 419727KB )   ( 503 ) Three Chinese journal-ranking systems, including“Chinese Core Journals”,“A Report on Chinese Academic Journals Evaluation”and“Chinese Science Citation Database”were compared and their evaluation of Chinese aquaculture journals was described. The differences and similarity of the three ranking systems were examined. Potential methods of improving the rank of aquaculture journals were summarized as: (1) publishing papers with clear research objectives and emphases; (2) valuing more on the first weighed impact factor; (3) emphasizing the citation rate of the papers published in the journal; (4) attaching a higher importance to second-hand citation rate, and ultimately attracting submission with high qualities; (5) putting more weight on the download rate from the journal website.

  Research of Risk Management of Agriculture Bank Based on RAROC Model 2014, 30 (14):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2004 Abstract + ( 623 )   PDF ( 528427KB )   ( 717 ) RAROC model was the advanced method to the International Banks for management. This paper will use the RAROC model to the research of credit risk of Agricultural Bank of China. It introduces the meaning and the core idea of RAROC model, and then detailed measuring the basic parameters of the model RAROC, and carrying on analysis and comparison using the RAROC value in the empirical research. The conclusion is the level of the credit risk management of Agricultural Bank increasing year by year, business performance making a spurt of progress, steady growth in loans, loan quality continuing to improve etc.

  Evaluation on Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Capacity of Lanzhou 2014, 30 (14):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2235 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 550698KB )   ( 566 ) In order to more clear understanding of the Lanzhou city agricultural science and technology innovation ability and level, for Lanzhou city agricultural science and technology innovation ability construction to provide the corresponding analysis perspective and basis, based on the comprehensive evaluation index method and analytic hierarchy process, agricultural science and technology innovation ability of Lanzhou from 2007 to 2011 is used to evaluate by using the statistics of 2007-2011. The results showed that, the period of Lanzhou City agricultural science and technology innovation ability has been increased, at the end of 2011 agricultural science and technology innovation ability evaluation index was 0.622, and a trend of rising. And then were compared with those of the western region, found that agricultural science and technology innovation ability of Lanzhou city was weak in the west. Finally proposed Lanzhou should use its own advantages, pay attention to cultivating innovative talents, setting up enterprise independent innovation, attracting foreign investment, perfecting the technology market and agricultural science and technology innovation system and so on, so as to enhance the level of agricultural science and technology innovation ability.

  Evaluation of Agricultural Science and Technological Progress LevelBase on Analytic Hierarchy Process Using Accumulation Factor to Evaluate Weight—A Case of Heilongjiang Provence 2014, 30 (14):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2411 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 586592KB )   ( 499 ) The index system for evaluating agricultural science and technological progress level was finished by document investigation method and Delphi method. This paper studied the agricultural science and technological progress level, taking Heilongjiang as a case. Based on the quantitative analysis by AHP using accumulation factor to evaluate weight, it made a comprehensive evaluation on the agricultural science and technological progress level of Heilongjiang from 1986 to 2011.The result showed the progress level was steadily up-going in the whole, the average rate of every year is 3.56 grades. The progress of agricultural science and technological progress level of Heilongjiang was well, which has reached a higher level.

  Study on the Win-win Mechanism in the Development of Rural Tourism—A Case of Wuyuan in Jiangxi 2014, 30 (14):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2013 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 532013KB )   ( 587 ) Farmers，living in the rural tourist destination，are one of the most important stakeholders in rural tourism. This paper takes Wuyuan in Jiangxi province as an example to analyze the participation of the farmers and their interest distribution. Then it sums up three current contradictions of Wuyuan and analyzes its root. It is suggested that the win-win mechanism in the development of rural tourism can be established by common participation, ecological harmony, sharing of benefits and dispute settlement. Currently, the rural tourism of Wuyuan is still limited at the stage of sightseeing tour. In order to establish the win-win mechanism，the local government should rich the tourist forms，extend the chain of the tourism industry, encourage the farmers to participate in it actively and strengthen its guidance.

  Analysis of Willingness and Influencing Factors of Water User Join in the Farmers’ Water Cooperation Organization: Based on the Investigation of 295 Water Users from Longfengshan Irrigation in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (14):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1785 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 604989KB )   ( 468 ) In order to grasp the attitude about farmers’ water cooperation organization more clearly, the author used the data of 295 water users from Longfengshan irrigation in Wuchang City of Heilongjiang Province for support, researched the water users’ cognitive degree, willingness and influencing factors to the farmers’ water cooperation organization. Research showed that: the cognitive degree of water users from irrigation was low and didn’t wish to join. The result Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 5 factors, including water users’ body condition, irrigation spending in proportion of agricultural productive spending, influence on their willingness significantly, irrigated area, cognitive degree of the farmers’ water cooperation organization, occurred frequency of water disputes. Research concluded that there were 3 reasons for why water cooperation organization not function well, firstly, water conservancy department lacked of publicity; second, water users’ cognitive degree was low and unwilling to join; thirdly, water cooperation organization operated irregularly. Thus, there were 2 ways which standardize water cooperation organization, establish and develop new farmers’ water cooperation organization to increase water users’ willingness and promote development of water cooperation organization healthily.

  Based on Factor Analysis of the Coordination of Grain Production and Farmers’ Income in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (14):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2210 Abstract + ( 631 )   PDF ( 531953KB )   ( 471 ) Heilongjiang is a large commodity grain province which has made extremely remarkable contributions to national food security. In order to future validate whether grain contributions and farmers’ income in Heilongjiang is coordinated or not, this paper analyzed the data of 31 provinces and cities based on the factor analysis. The results showed that, the score of comprehensive grain production capacity of Heilongjiang was 1.68, ranking No. 3 in the country; the score of its farmers’ income was -0.92, ranking No. 26 in the country; the score gap of the two was -2.6, ranking the highest in the country. According to the study, we arrive at the conclusion that the coordination between grain production and farmers’ income in Heilongjiang is extremely terrible which is lower than the level of food sales areas and other food producing areas.

  Consumption Structure Change of Urban Residents in Tianshui City Based on ELES Model 2014, 30 (14):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2376 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 558230KB )   ( 783 ) In order to comparatively analyze Tianshui City residents’ spending on basic needs, marginal propensity to consume, the present situation and the changes of consumption structure. Based on Gansu Province and Tianshui City residents’ consumption structure from 2004 to 2010, using the ELES model, the author dynamically analyzed every project consumption and change tendency of urban residents in Gansu Province and Tianshui City with Eviews software. The results showed that: the consumption structure of the urban residents in Tianshui City was increasingly transformed from the ‘subsistence stage’ to ‘development stage’ and ‘enjoyment stage’. The influence of income level the food expenditure was still living in the most important level, as the economy grew, people began to pay more attention to leisure entertainment and self-cultivation, convenient and comfortable travel, communication the convenient, quality living environment and children’s education level and other issues. Such consumption had a larger market and the space in Tianshui City. All of those prompted that Tianshui City residents’ consumption structure was irrational, was mainly used to meet the basic needs of life, but tourism, cultural and educational entertainment, transportation and communications, and other components such as consumer spending potential had a large consumption potential.

  The Research on Relationship between the Variation of Farmers' Income and Economic Growth Based on VAR Model——A Case Study in Qiqihar 2014, 30 (14):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2653 Abstract + ( 590 )   PDF ( 613959KB )   ( 505 ) On the background of the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" what the national emphasis on, the problem of increasing farmers' income is the top priority. In order to alleviate the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" through intensify efforts to promote the farmers' income in Qiqihar in Heilongjiang Province. The paper analyzed the dynamic relationship between the changes in farmers' income and economic growth introduced variable consumption from 1987 to 2012 by constructing the VAR model, using the Johansen co-integration test and Granger causality test and impulse response function and variance decomposition method. There was the long-term equilibrium relationship along them. Increase farmers' income of the effect on economic growth was weak, but the economic development on the increase of farmers' income had a certain role in promoting. It provided a basis to solve the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers".

  The Wage Effects of Training in Rural China—— Based on Data from Five Provinces in China 2014, 30 (14):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2690 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 470209KB )   ( 651 ) The aim of this paper was to investigate the wage returns to job training for off-land farmers in China, taking into account the statistical complications present in existing studies. We used a national wide field survey conducted in 12 cities in China for the time period between 1996 and 2008. The main finding of our study was that the average wage effect of on-the-job training was 4.9 per cent to 7.9 per cent. Compared with the average return to education, this implied that, on average, the wage return to job training was as important as the return to education. Also, we found out that on the job training had more effect on male workers and young labor.

  Analysis of Influencing Factors of the Peasant Household’s Demand for Microfinance in Heilongjiang Province——Based on Xinzhan town, Zhaoyuan country 2014, 30 (14):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2939 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 616022KB )   ( 589 ) With the success of Heilongjiang Rural Microfinance, there arise a series of problems, the serious problem is that rural financial institutions can't satisfy farmers growing demand for credit. Currently, how to alleviate this problem effectively becomes an important work in rural finance. So, it is very essential to choose a representative area to conduct research in terms of reality. In this paper, we conduct research and survey on 270 farmers in the new station town, Heilongjiang Province, and employ the Logistic model in SPSS to analyze the factors influencing the demand of microfinance of Heilongjiang farmers, the analysis results indicate that among the factors, the number of family, education level, the cultivated land of farm households, consumer expenditure and the presence or absence of collateral take important position. Therefore, when rural financial institutions excavate the potential farmers’ demand and create innovation credit products, it should improve the correct understanding of microfinance for farmers and the current rural financial environment , provide suitable space for microfinance development.

  Study on the Mom-and-pop Storekeeper’s Behavior in Controlling Food Quality and Safety and Their Influencing Factors——Based on 132 Questionnaires From the Mom-and-pop Store in Dazhu County, Sichuan Province 2014, 30 (14):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2705 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 668311KB )   ( 438 ) Based on the theory of planned behavior, asking for the note and certification, purchase ledger and cleaning behavior as a sign, through the introduction of psychological variables and the external environment variables, considering the storekeeper characteristics and resource endowment，this paper set up the analysis frame of the mom-and-pop storekeeper’s behavior in controlling food quality and safety. Meanwhile, it took 132 questionnaires from Dazhu County, Sichuan Province as samples to carry out the empirical test. The results showed that, the behavior intention, perceived behavioral control, influence from peers, the frequency of supervision, pressure from consumer, age, household size, level of education, annual profit had significant influence to the controlling behavior. In order to further regulate the storekeeper’s behavior, it also put forward some suggestions that the government should create a good environment, strengthen the publicity and guidance and improve the regulatory mechanism.

  Factors Analysis on Producers’ Application of Mechanized Maize Harvesting: Based on Empirical Research of Shandong Province 2014, 30 (14):  165-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2713 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 618725KB )   ( 449 ) Based on sample data of maize producers in Shandong Province, the author focused on the determinants of farmers’ adoption of mechanized maize harvesting with binary Logistic modeling, an Ordered Probit model was further applied to analyze factors affecting the degree what farmers applied machines to harvest maize. The results showed that: education level, information acquiring ability, proportion of non-agricultural income, planting scale, perceived effectiveness and the subsidy of government were significantly positive with the adoption of maize mechanized harvesting, whereas land fragmentation and serious natural disasters had significant negative effect on it. Among all the farmers who had adopted mechanized harvesting, factors like the frequency of information acquiring, proportion of non-agricultural income, planting scale and perceived effectiveness were significantly positive with the extent of farmers’ using of machines while harvesting. The author suggested that accelerate the promotion of reasonable land transfer, expand the publication of mechanization, effectively use the subsidy policy tools and actively carry out agricultural mechanization innovation can improve the adoption of mechanized maize harvesting among farmers.

  The Calculation of Land Consolidation Potential of Rural Residential Areas in Bishan County, Chongqing 2014, 30 (14):  173-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2016 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 573045KB )   ( 613 ) In order to get the reasonable land consolidation potential of rural residential areas in Bishan County, Chongqing, and provide references for the new round of land consolidation planning. The authors adopted per capita land for construction purposes standard method worked out the current and future theoretical potential, then based on the realistic situation in Bishan County, constructed the comprehensive evaluation index system via selecting 10 indexes from nature, social, economic development, adopted comprehensive evaluation method correct the future theoretical potential and finally got the reality potential. Results indicated that: land consolidation potential in rural residential areas was huge in the study period in Bishan County, the current and future theoretical potential was 503.56 hm2 and 1254.02 hm2, the reality potential was 565.31 hm2, the reality potential declined by the natural and economic restrictions, 13 street-towns with a great difference in the potential, the rural residential areas regulation potential were mainly distributed in the areas that the natural conditions were relatively good, economic development level was high, and farmers’ acceptable degree were higher in the rural residential areas renovation work, people should adjust measures to local conditions, in close connection with the regional natural, economic, and social factors and orderly promoting rural residential areas regulation.

  Study on the Consolidation Schedule of Rural Residential at Village Level: A Case Study of Liuhe District in Nanjing City 2014, 30 (14):  179-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2320 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 1027184KB )   ( 539 ) As a key component of both overall land use planning and land consolidation planning, rural residential land consolidation was also one of the important procedures in building a new socialist countryside. The author sought to explore the sequence of rural residential land consolidation at the level of administrative villages. In this paper Liuhe District, Nanjing City was chosen as the study area and evaluated at the level of administrative villages by the consolidation order indicators. After calculating the weighted average scores of assessment units, the villages were classified into 3 categories, including the short-term zone, the mediumterm zone and the long-term zone according to the urgency for residential land consolidation via the clustering method. The area of the short-term zone which was under the most urgent need of consolidation was 2247.21 hm2 while those of the other 2 types of zone were 9574.23 hm2 and 2852.51 hm2 respectively.

  Study on NaOH Treatment to Enhance Enzyme Decomposition Efficiency of Lignocellulose from Chinese Silvergrass Treated by Irradiation 2014, 30 (14):  185-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2306 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 653239KB )   ( 541 ) In order to improve enzyme decomposition efficiency of lignocellulose from Chinese silvergrass treated by irradiation, this experiment selected Chinese silvergrass of 400KGy 60Co γ-ray irradiation, investigated the yield of reducing sugars in different NaOH concentration ,time and temperature by enzyme treatment, then obtained the best optimum conditions. The results showed that the concentration of 1.5％NaOH at 100℃ for 4h,the reducing sugar production was high to 452.49mg/g. Glucose and xylose were respectively converted from cellulose and hemicellulose, their rate of recovery were run up to 92.59％ and 75.98％.

  Layout for Monitoring Quality of Arable Land of China——Inspiration from Overseas Experience 2014, 30 (14):  192-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3326 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 483408KB )   ( 716 ) The purpose of this study was to establish a finement method on the layout for monitoring cropland quality in China. Literature review was conducted to analyze foreign evaluation of land quality and layout for monitoring cropland in state-of-art. We proposed the principle and “divisional-combination” methods based on the state of China's land quality and foreign experience. The results of this study could serve as an excellent material to establish a system for monitoring agricultural land quality.

  Study on Monitor to Status of Desertification in Typical African National Using MODIS Image Data 2014, 30 (14):  198-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2307 Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 1197736KB )   ( 1085 ) In order to understand and master the present situation of desertification of African countries, the degree and distribution. Egypt, Algeria and Nigeria were selected as 3study areas and MODIS MOD13Q1-NDVI data with high temporal resolution were used in this study. Based on the accumulation of NDVI values in 2010, the images of NDVI were obtained in Egypt, Algeria and Nigeria. The vegetation coverage of Egypt, Algeria and Nigeria was calculated by the dimidiate pixel model, which was used to assess desertification in the study area. Results showed that: there was a serious problem of desertification in Egypt and Algeria, desertification area accounts for more than 94% of land area, and serious desertification accounted for the largest proportion of desertification area. There was less affected by desertification in Nigeria, desertification proportion of the total land area of 14.77%, and slight desertification accounted for the proportion desertification area would reach 99%. Different countries with different degree of desertification, had distribution in different administrative districts of different provinces. The results could be the scientific basis for desertification control, protecting the ecological environment and the sustainable development of national economy in Africa.

  Analysis of Vegetation Coverage Dynamic Changes in Kyrgyzstan 2014, 30 (14):  204-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2474 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 467188KB )   ( 824 ) In order to describe the distribution and characteristics of soil in Kyrgyzstan, choosing a variety of landscape indices to analyze the feature of landscape pattern by using GIS and landscape ecology method. The results showed that, the number of landscape patches, area and perimeter distributed very unevenly in Kyrgyzstan. Landscape fragmentation situation tended to be serious. There was a high degree of aggregation between different types (AI=89.9). The relationship between plaque adjacent to each other and with higher degree of connectivity between landscapes, the distribution of the landscape was a high aggregation degree, in contrast, complex spatial distribution, heterogeneity of soil landscape pattern. Kyrgyzstan soil type evolution is main driving force for climate, natural environment, and the effect of human activity.

  Sustainability Evaluation of Land Remediation in the Arid Region: An Example of Shanshan County, Xinjiang 2014, 30 (14):  211-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2108 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 636073KB )   ( 445 ) In order to enhance the productive capacity of land in arid region, improve the productive potential, and make the land resources to achieve a state of rational utilization. The author took the land remediation of Shanshan County as a case study, and combined with the characteristics of arid region to build and choose the assessment of the sustainability of land remediation from productbility, economy, ecology and social acceptability through data analysis, expert inquiry and peasant survey. Analysis showed that: land sustainability score had changed from 56.13 to 70.55 after land remediation. So the effect of land remediation was outstanding. It had improved the level of land use significantly. Economy had made the greatest influence on the comprehensive results in the four factors, ecology was the second and finally were the social acceptability and productbility.

  Spatial Variability and Dynamic Change of Cropland Furrow Soil Organic Carbon in Weishan County 2014, 30 (14):  218-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2186 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 879282KB )   ( 566 ) In order to study on the law of spatial variability and dynamic change of the cropland furrow soil organic carbon, geostatistics and GIS were applied to analyze the spatial variability of cropland furrow soil organic carbon in 2009 and used spatial Kriging to analyze spatial distribution pattern and influence factors by using the field investigating soil sample data in 2009. Then the interpolation result was used to compare with the datum of the second soil survey and analyzed the dynamic change characters of SOC under different time sections. The result showed that the best fitted semivariogram model of cropland furrow soil organic carbon in Wenshan was exponential model and ranges of spatial autocorrelation was 4500m. Judging from the spatial distribution pattern, the distributions of SOC showed block characteristics, the content of SOC was found higher in the middle of the area, while lower in the south and north. In nearly 30 years from the second soil survey to 2009, there was clearly on the rise in the mean of SOC content which from 5.345 g/kg to 8.558 g/kg and the increases was 60.11%. Under different soil types, the increases were different. The biggest increases were Brown soil and the smallest was mortar black soil, the increases were 187.03% and 41.64% respectively. Under different land use types, the smallest soil organic carbon increase was 56.84% in paddy field and the largest increase of soil organic carbon was 87.75% in dry field. This study could provide a reliable basis for the increase of this area cultivated land production, carbon cycles of farmland ecosystem and sustainable development of agriculture.

  Status and Spatial Variation of Some Fertility Indexes of Cultivated Soils in Hangzhou Region 2014, 30 (14):  223-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1917 Abstract + ( 1202 )   PDF ( 560459KB )   ( 629 ) In order to understand the status and defect of soil fertility of cultivated soils in the Hangzhou Region, pH value, organic matter, total N, available P and available K of the soils covering 8 counties of the region were investigated. The results showed that: most of the soils were acid (pH 4.5-5.5), slightly acid (pH 5.5-6.5), and slightly alkali (pH 7.5-8.5), and proportions of soils with strong acid or strong alkali were lower. Contents of organic matter and total N of the soils were mainly classified as medium level, mostly ranging from 20 to 40 g/kg for organic matter, and 1-2 g/kg for total N. However, there were 27.00% and 12.06% of the soils, respectively, with low levels of organic matter and total N. Soil available P varied greatly among 8 counties, and soils with high available P and with low available P existed simultaneously in all of the eight counties. Also, soil available K varied spatially, most of the soils had low level of available K. All of fertility indexes of the cultivated soils varied greatly with landscape. Soil pH decreased in the sequence of coastal plain, plain with water network, valley plain, and hilly areas. The contents of soil organic matter and total N were higher in plain with water network and lower in coastal plain, and both valley plain and hilly areas had medium levels of soil organic matter and total N. Higher concentration of available P was found in the cultivated soils in hilly areas, and mean available P decreased in order of hilly areas, valley plain, coastal plain, and plain with water network. Mean soil available K decreased in sequence of plain with water network, valley plain, hilly areas, and coastal plain. Because of differences in landscape, land use, and fertilizer application rate, 8 counties had different levels of soil fertility. Great spatial variation of soil fertility indexes and imbalance of soil nutrients in the cultivated land of Hangzhou Region suggested that further implementation of technique for soil testing and formulated fertilization is still needed.

  Economic Analysis in Lake Wetlands Conservation 2014, 30 (14):  231-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1878 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 480224KB )   ( 532 ) Lake wetlands is the important ecological capital of regional and national socio-economic sustainable development. The author analyzed the demand, supply, development cost and benefit of lake wetlands from the point of view of economics and pointed out that public goods and external cost were the factors to realize wetlands conservation, and finally analyzed the misunderstanding and the paths chosen of lake wetlands.

  Assessment and Prediction on the Water Environment Carrying Capacity of Dongchang Lake Basin Based on Process Simulation 2014, 30 (14):  235-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2667 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 737600KB )   ( 489 ) Assessment and prediction on the regional water environment carrying capacity based on process is of great significance to the social and economic sustainable development. Dongchang lake and its basin was selected as the study area. Vensim software was used to build the water environment dynamics model, which was consisted of social-economic system, water resources system and water environment system. 11 indexes of water environment carrying capacity, including the GDP per capita, rate of urbanization and so on were selected, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used in the planning year of 2008, 2015, and 2020. And 3 kinds of improved schemes (resource & environment constrained type, social economy constrained type, coordinated development type) together the planed scheme were proposed. Results showed that: pollutants discharges in the planed scheme exceeded the control target, and the concentration of COD, ammonia nitrogen and TN concentration in 2020 were 43.61 mg/L, 2.16 mg/L, and 2.85 mg/L in Dongchang Lake, respectively, with the water environment carrying capacity as the low level of 0.17 in 2020. The coordinated development scheme not only improved the lake quality significantly (in 2020 the concentration of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, TN and in Dongchang lake were 22.56 mg/L, 1.13 mg/L, and 1.41 mg/L, respectively), but also increased the water environment bearing capacity to 0.67, which was higher than other schemes. Under the condition of coordinated development scheme, the average CODCr and ammonia nitrogen concentration was expected to meet the lake’s target water quality in 2020. So the coordinated development scheme was selected as suggested scheme, and some suggestions were put forward.

  Impact of Reclaimed Wastewater Irrigation with Different Lower Limitations of Soil Moisture on Soil-cabbage System Linxian Liao Jian Ju 2014, 30 (14):  242-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1781 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 518382KB )   ( 593 ) Whether wastewater irrigation can proceed safely depends on proper wastewater quality and reasonable irrigation scheduling. In order to investigate the feasibility of domestic reclaimed water irrigation for cabbage and its proper irrigation schedule, pot trials were carried out with two kinds of water, i.e. EM treated domestic waste water (RW) and clean water (CW), and four lower limitations of soil moisture (60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of field capacity) were set. Cabbage yield and qualities such as total nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal (Cu, Cd and Pb) were investigated, with available nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter, EC and heavy metals in soil were examined. The results confirmed that the effect of wastewater irrigation on cabbage yield and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal was not obvious, and the absorption ability of cabbage differed for metal sorts. Reclaimed water irrigation caused to augment of organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, and the augment was relevant to irrigation lower limitation. In short, domestic reclaimed water could be used to short term irrigation for cabbage, and the irrigation schedule couldn’t adopt the indexes of clean water irrigation.

  The Analysis of TBB Bright Temperature and Vertical Helicity in the Heavy Rain at Anqiu in 2010 2014, 30 (14):  247-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2006 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 1856377KB )   ( 623 ) In order to insight into the mechanism of summer rainstorm occurred in central Shandong Province and improve the prediction accuracy further, the author used FY-2E satellite TBB data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 1°×1° 6 h, the Anqiu City on July 18, 2010 diagnosis and TBB to weather dynamics process of a heavy storm cloud image analysis. The results showed that: the Anqiu torrential rain was by the subtropical high and upper trough and ground cyclone system produced by the common effect; TBB strong low clouds with cloud band along the low level jet direction, and closely associated with water vapor and energy belt, heavy rain occurred in the north of TBB light in low temperature zone, the release of unstable energy in Anqiu area above; vertical spiral degrees when the center position and intensity of cyclone with the ground movement and strength changes had very good corresponding relationship.

  The Analysis of Comfort Degree on Tourism Climate in Hulun Buir City 2014, 30 (14):  252-256.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2422 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 531200KB )   ( 602 ) In order to make the evaluation of the tourism climate resources value of Hulun Buir City, and to help the tourism industry healthy and scientific development, the tourism climate suitability was analyzed through several aspects on the living comfort levels, body temperature, ICL etc of Hulun Buir, and put forward the tour time, destination and fashion advice. The results showed that: tourists had better choose 6, 7, 8 for the purpose to summer resort, the visitors had the best choose 7 if visit Ling Northwest Forest, and 6, 8 to carry the coat; the visitors touring, skiing in the winter could choose 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, and frozen a greater risk of injury in 1, 2, 12, needed to take precautions; there was a large temperature variation in spring and autumn, visitors choice equipment depending on the destination ICL; the tourism management departments should be properly managed tourism resources and developed project combined with the season and the climate suitability in areas. The visitors could scientifically select suitable time and scenic spot to tour according to their destination and situation.

  Diagnostic Analysis of Rare Regional Rainstorm Process in Northern Shanxi on 21 July 2014, 30 (14):  257-267.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1987 Abstract + ( 549 )   PDF ( 1474264KB )   ( 569 ) In order to better recognize formation mechanism of regional rainstorm in northern Shanxi Province, and provide fine forecasting information for disaster prevention and mitigation, based on conventional meteorological data, NCEP reanalysis data and the intensive observation of automatic weather station data, combining black body temperature data of FY-2E meteorological satellite, a torrential rainfall in northern part of Shanxi Province during 20-21 July, 2012 was diagnosed and compared. The results showed that: (1) the rain storm happened in 200 hPa upper-air westerly stablility strengthening, 500 hPa blocking background, low vortex with shear was the main system, low level southwest jet location north of the west was one of the important reasons. (2) The rain area above the troposphere, the lower atmosphere was in the convective instability state, tall strong dry intrusion and low weak northerly wind invasion were important mechanisms for triggering instability in energy release. (3) Analysis of automatic wind field information displayed main trigger systems that had included three patterns, such as mesoscale vortex, mesoscale shear, and mesoscale convergent which caused different precipitation intensity and duration. (4) The negative area of vertical helicity in 500 hPa showed the development and movement of heavy precipitation system. The water vapor vertical helicity, with considerd effect of water vapor, described the dynamical field of the middle-lower troposphere over rainfall region more clearly, and was a good predictor for the area and movement of heavy rain.

  Diagnostic Analysis on Regional Rainstorm Weather Process in Shanxi Province in July, 2011 2014, 30 (14):  268-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2370 Abstract + ( 551 )   PDF ( 1902824KB )   ( 484 ) In order to analyze the primary causes of a regional rainstorm in Shanxi Province, based on the data of conventional and unconventional weather observation and monitoring, the regional rainstorm weather process occurred in Shanxi on July 1-3, 2011 was analyzed form the large scale circulation background, low-level affect system, infrared satellite cloud picture, the spatial vertical section of unstable energy and physical quantities field. The results showed that: the rainstorm occurred in the circulation background of east-high and west-low subtropical high affects, low-rise shear became rainstorm major effects stem, strong upward movement, low convergence and high divergence flow field configuration provided favorable dynamic conditions for the heavy rain, vorticity field was consistent with the changes of the high-low air system in time and space distribution, ki index ≥32℃, si<0℃ unstable regions in the precipitation period was always consistent with low-rise shear system in place, promoted the generation of the persistent heavy rain.

  Study on Characteristics of Rainstorm in Hulun Buir City 2014, 30 (14):  276-282.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1729 Abstract + ( 585 )   PDF ( 650324KB )   ( 699 ) In order to study the atmospheric circulation characteristics of rainstorm at 500 hPa in Hunlun Buir and to guard against the impact on agriculture from flood disasters caused by rainstorm, the atmospheric circulation background of the rainstorm cases were classified by utilizing the daily precipitation data of 16 stations and NCEP grid reanalysis data in Hulun Buir City between 1971 and 2010. The result showed that: the rainstorm cases were approximately classified into 4 types: (1) the direct interaction between subtropical high and westerlies zone system (71 cases,43.3%); (2) the long distance interaction between subtropical high and typhoon with westerlies zone system (35 cases,21.3%); (3) the long distance interaction between typhoon or tropical cyclone and westerlies zone system (27 cases,16.5%); (4) the directly action by westerly zone system (31 cases, 18.9%).

  Researches About the Temperature Variation Law in the Energy-saving Heliogreenhouse in Qinghai Plateau 2014, 30 (14):  283-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1870 Abstract + ( 753 )   PDF ( 605291KB )   ( 583 ) Based on meteorological observations in the energy-saving heliogreenhouse in Ping’an, Qinghai Province from June 2010 to August 2011, the author studied the temperature inside the greenhouse variation law under different weather conditions and the correlation between the temperature inside the greenhouse and the temperature outside the greenhouse. The results showed that: (1) the daily variation of air temperature around the year inside the greenhouse was unimodal. The temperature of air in day was higher than that at night, and the temperature of air inside the greenhouse was higher than that outside, whatever the weather condition. (2) The daily variation of the air temperature inside the greenhouse changed with different seasons and different weather conditions, for the obvious difference with the time of maximum and minimum evapotranspiration and temperature variation inside the greenhouse and outside. (3) Inside and outside the greenhouse the air temperature were positively correlated, and the correlation was stronger at night than that in day. Regression equations based on this correlation were of significance at agricultural weather forecast.

  The Climate Characteristic Change of 0℃ Boundary Temperature in Baoji City, Shaanxi Nearly 50 Years wang chun juan chuang chen ge 2014, 30 (14):  289-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2199 Abstract + ( 553 )   PDF ( 1090771KB )   ( 515 ) In order to study under the background of climate warming, 0℃ temperature variation characteristics, analyze Baoji City in Shaanxi Province from 1961 to 2010, the average temperature stability by 0℃ at the beginning of the day, all day long, interval number and its change characteristics of accumulated temperature, precipitation. The results showed that: Baoji Shaanxi, the average temperature of 0℃ or more significant early trend in the early days, all showed a trend of fluctuations delay. Early all day long interval between days increased significantly. During the acuity 0℃ accumulated temperature of 73.86℃/10 a significantly increased, rainfall 13.706 mm/10 a slow decreased. Accumulated decadal fluctuations increased, frequently alternating cold and warm. Effects of climate change varieties of winter wheat planting characteristics change, appropriate seeding time delayed, main development period, early growth period significantly prolonged, had important significance to improve crop yield.

  The Trends of Agro-climatic Conditions and Its Impact in Dalian 2014, 30 (14):  294-299.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2628 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 690570KB )   ( 569 ) In order to study the change of agro-climate environment and its influence in recent 50 years, average temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, rainfalls, sunshine duration, and frost-free period during growing season of 7 meteorological stations in Dalian between 1961 and 2010 were chosen as indexes to analyze the change in agro-climatic environment of Dalian. The results showed that: the agro-climatic environment had undergone significant changes in the past 50 years, average temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and frost-free season remarkably increased from 1961 to 2010, however rainfalls and sunshine duration was on the decline trends. The trends of average temperatures, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, frost-free period and sunshine duration were significant. As a result, thermal resources in Dalian increased significantly in the past 50 years, and the northern boundary of planting moved north, such as cherry, and the farmers would have more chances to adjust planting structures.

  The Photocatalytic Catalytic Performance for Degradation of Methyl Orange by Micro-Cu2O 2014, 30 (14):  300-304.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1837 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 733803KB )   ( 960 ) The issue of printing and dyeing wastewater limited China’s printing industry. The recent researches were focused on photocatalysis of the semi-conductive materials like Cu2O. A serial of Cu2O were prepared by one-step reduction reaction. Then, the degradation experiments were carried out by changing the conditions like the Cu2O morphology, particle size, quantity, the reuse, etc. Last, the paper disclosed that the optimistic rate degradation of methylene orange (20 mg/L) was more than 90% during 16 hours without direct-sunlight and other extra-fixings. And the prospective catalytic concentration was 1.2 g/L, as soon as particle size, morphology was 2 μm and spherical morphology, respectively. At the same time, the matter of particles aggregation and reused were resolved by adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as matrix materials.

  The Prospect and Present Utilization Situation Based on Solid Organic Waste of Edible Fungi 2014, 30 (14):  305-309.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1783 Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 504004KB )   ( 758 ) At the present stage solid organic waste utilization situation as a starting point in China, combined with edible fungi growth characteristics and the present situation of the edible mushroom industry in our country, the feasibility, convenience and efficiency edible fungus in solid organic waste. From edible fungi to biological waste utilization of animal and plant production, biological conversion rate, the efficiency of the mycelia protein and recycling utilization the residue of produced edible fungus, confirmed the production of edible fungi can achieve multiple efficient recycling of biomass in the biological chain.

  Application of Grey System Theory in Pig Price Prediction 2014, 30 (14):  310-314.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2904 Abstract + ( 621 )   PDF ( 610263KB )   ( 671 ) In recent years, pig price becomes increasingly abnormal fluctuant, which causes widespread concerns in the whole society. Based on historical price data, pig price prediction applies scientific quantitative methods to predict future pig price. Therefore, price prediction can help support scientific decision-making for pig producers. Given the particularity of pig price, the article applied grey system theory, based on the weakening buffer operator and set up GM (1, 1) prediction model, then used residual error, grade ratio deviation, correlation degree and posteriori error four kinds of error checking methods to test the reasonability and the prediction accuracy. The error test results are P0=97.33%＞90%、ρ(avg)=4.6613%＜10%、r=0.8441＞0.6 and P=0.7778. The error test results indicate that the gray system theory is appropriate when applies to pig price prediction, and has high prediction accuracy. According to GM (1, 1) prediction model the pig price of the next three years hog prices are 16.72 Yuan/kg, 15.26 Yuan/kg, and 17.42 Yuan/kg respectively. Comparing to 2013, these prices increase 14.84% , 4.81% and 19.64% respectively. Prediction results show that there exist some fluctuations in future pig price, and pig price will increase gradually.

  Land Use Change Prediction Based on CA-MARKOV Model: Taking the Example of Changji City in Xinjiang 2014, 30 (14):  315-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2447 Abstract + ( 737 )   PDF ( 1152955KB )   ( 609 ) In order to avoid all sorts of negative problems in the process of land use, the land use change in the future to make scientific and reasonable forecast that can provide the plenty of time to solve the upcoming problems. The author used TM remote sensing images of the city of changji of 4 scenes of 2 years in 1998 and 2011, interpreted the remote sensing images, on the basis of the application of combining the advantage of the MARKOV model to predict time and the CA model on the strengths to predict space, used CA-MARKOV model to analyze the change of land use and according to the analysis results were used to predict the land use of the city of Changji in 2015. The results showed that: in the future the construction land of the city of changji would increase rapidly and the phenomenon of the construction land occupied the cultivated land phenomenon would continue, but continuous land development would keep a slow growth on total farmland and forest land, grassland and other various types of land use change was smaller. Through the analysis of land use change in the city of Changji, the government departments should formulate principles and policies in time to solve the construction land increasing rapidly, especially the phenomenon of the construction land occupied the cultivated land. On the basis of ensuring the safety of grain production, the government departments should optimize the layout, use the benefits of economic, social and ecological of land and realize the sustainable development of oasis land use.