Abstract: Based on the theory of planned behavior, asking for the note and certification, purchase ledger and cleaning behavior as a sign, through the introduction of psychological variables and the external environment variables, considering the storekeeper characteristics and resource endowment，this paper set up the analysis frame of the mom-and-pop storekeeper’s behavior in controlling food quality and safety. Meanwhile, it took 132 questionnaires from Dazhu County, Sichuan Province as samples to carry out the empirical test. The results showed that, the behavior intention, perceived behavioral control, influence from peers, the frequency of supervision, pressure from consumer, age, household size, level of education, annual profit had significant influence to the controlling behavior. In order to further regulate the storekeeper’s behavior, it also put forward some suggestions that the government should create a good environment, strengthen the publicity and guidance and improve the regulatory mechanism.