Abstract: In order to get the reasonable land consolidation potential of rural residential areas in Bishan County, Chongqing, and provide references for the new round of land consolidation planning. The authors adopted per capita land for construction purposes standard method worked out the current and future theoretical potential, then based on the realistic situation in Bishan County, constructed the comprehensive evaluation index system via selecting 10 indexes from nature, social, economic development, adopted comprehensive evaluation method correct the future theoretical potential and finally got the reality potential. Results indicated that: land consolidation potential in rural residential areas was huge in the study period in Bishan County, the current and future theoretical potential was 503.56 hm2 and 1254.02 hm2, the reality potential was 565.31 hm2, the reality potential declined by the natural and economic restrictions, 13 street-towns with a great difference in the potential, the rural residential areas regulation potential were mainly distributed in the areas that the natural conditions were relatively good, economic development level was high, and farmers’ acceptable degree were higher in the rural residential areas renovation work, people should adjust measures to local conditions, in close connection with the regional natural, economic, and social factors and orderly promoting rural residential areas regulation.