Abstract: Abstract: Objective: To study the growth rule of the different growth years of Rhizoma Atractylodis. Methods: To determine the moisture and temperature what Atractylodes japonica needed in seed germination, and observed the growth and development of the leaves, stems, flowers, seeds in the field. Results and conclusion: Seed germination of Atractylodes must be 15 ℃ and enough moisture in the soil. A plant height growth small peak and leaf function period of biennial Atractylodes is 10 days in advance than that of triennial Atractylodes. Atractylodes japonica began to bud during late June to early July, flower 41.5-44.7d after bud. A simple inflorescence needed 4.2-6.5d to open. Day blossom peak time is in 6:00-8:00. The seeds of Atractylodes needed 61.8-62.8d to mature. The growth alternating time of aboveground and belowground of Atractylodes, which is the maximum period of the dry matter proportion of above / below ground, is between August 17th and September 7th.