Abstract: With the growing shortage of water resources in agriculture, in order to reduce the rice irrigation water and fertilizer usage to achieve the rice stability and high yield, this report reviewed the research progress at home and abroad about the conception of coupling of water and fertilizer and its three effects: synergistic, antagonistic, superposition, as well as the mechanism of water and fertilizer coupling and the effects on rice growth, development, yield, quality of rice, and utilization rate of nitrogen. The paper also forecasted the improvement space in coupling of water and fertilizer and putted forward the coupling model of water and fertilizer, which are the effective measures for high yield and quality of rice, and how to apply the "water and fertilizer, water by fertilizer, water and fertilizer coupling mode" in practice to establish the reasonable mode to improve water use efficiency, save irrigation water without increasing the amount of fertilizer and ensure the double effect of high-yield crops while reduce environmental pollution, therefore to provide some theory and technology basis on water-saving agriculture and cultivation and management of rice.