Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.24 Published:25 August 2014

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  Research Progress and Application Status of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria 2014, 30 (24):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3360 Abstract + ( 1509 )   PDF ( 550622KB )   ( 1320 ) In order to understand function mechanism and colonization dynamics of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), this paper summarized species and research progress of plant growth promoting bacteria, main influence factors of microbial colonization, detection methods of colonizing microorganisms, promoting mechanism of PGPR including producing iron carrier, nitrogen fixation and phosphate-solubilizing, produce IAA etc. In conclusion, research on screening of PGPR strain and adaptability should be strengthened, and molecular biology techniques should be applied into the study of PGPR. The paper highlighted the full use of traditional culture combined with molecular biology techniques to discuss succession of rhizosphere microflora. Research direction in the future was analyzed and forecasted.

  Research Progress of the Effects of Different Density on the Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Maize 2014, 30 (24):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0015 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 487381KB )   ( 437 ) The effects of different density on the physiological characteristics, yield and quality of maize were concluded. Variation of chlorophyll content, the soluble sugar content and the soluble protein content of maize varieties were also induced. Meanwhile, the yield and quality were summarized. The different maize varieties had the different reactions to the planting densities. Only under the suitable planting density, the maize physiological indices achieved optimum value and realized the maximum value of corn yield, which provided a theoretical basis and technical reference for maize production.

  Research Progress of Radix Pueratiae Germplasms and its Utilization 2014, 30 (24):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0035 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 554202KB )   ( 885 ) Radix pueratiae is one of important crops used as drug and food, and has been concerned by researcher and producer based its rich resources and extensive application. This paper reviewed the research progresses of radix pueratiae in germplasms, distribution, quality characteristics, cultivation, breeding, development and utilization as drug, food, feed et al. The problems and future research fields of radix pueratiae was put forward.

  Water and Fertilizer Coupling and the Influence on Rice Growth and Utilization Rate of Nitrogen 2014, 30 (24):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0094 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 554527KB )   ( 719 ) With the growing shortage of water resources in agriculture, in order to reduce the rice irrigation water and fertilizer usage to achieve the rice stability and high yield, this report reviewed the research progress at home and abroad about the conception of coupling of water and fertilizer and its three effects: synergistic, antagonistic, superposition, as well as the mechanism of water and fertilizer coupling and the effects on rice growth, development, yield, quality of rice, and utilization rate of nitrogen. The paper also forecasted the improvement space in coupling of water and fertilizer and putted forward the coupling model of water and fertilizer, which are the effective measures for high yield and quality of rice, and how to apply the "water and fertilizer, water by fertilizer, water and fertilizer coupling mode" in practice to establish the reasonable mode to improve water use efficiency, save irrigation water without increasing the amount of fertilizer and ensure the double effect of high-yield crops while reduce environmental pollution, therefore to provide some theory and technology basis on water-saving agriculture and cultivation and management of rice.

  Research Progress of Effect on Crop Growth and Improvement of Subsoil 2014, 30 (24):  23-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0171 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 529017KB )   ( 436 ) This paper summarized the effect of subsoil physical and chemical properties on growth, nutrient uptake, yield contribution rate from the aspects of subsoil and subsoil improvement, and improved effect of subsoil, subsoil mixed plough, subsoil fertilization techniques. Finally, this paper pointed out that existing problems and trend of subsoil research and improvement and put forward proposals for the future research and development in the subsoil.

  Review on the Physiological Response and Metabolism of Boron and Potassium Stress on Root 2014, 30 (24):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0334 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 532983KB )   ( 458 ) Both boron and potassium are the essential elements for growth and development of higher plants, and they play a regulatory role in growth and metabolism of plant root system. In order to understand the metabolism of boron or potassium and interaction of boron and potassium within the root, this review analyzed the metabolic regulation mechanism in plant root system under boron or potassium stress and their interaction, summarized the effects of boron and potassium stress on transport and absorption of boron, assimilation productions’transport and metabolism in root boron. Finally, problems and prospects of researches about enhancing the impact of stress of boron or potassium and their interaction on plant roots were proposed.

  The Study of Spectral Characteristic of Uranium-contained Plant Lianxi Wu 2014, 30 (24):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2986 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 913527KB )   ( 553 ) In this study, the spectral of two kinds of plant，such as multicolored ladybeetle and creeper, were measured with SVC HR-768 portable spectroradiometer. This paper compared their spectrum between in the uranium ore district and the non-uranium ore district, analyzed their spectral feature. The spectral curve shape showed that reflectivity of multicolored ladybeetle and creeper in uranium ore district, were higher than those in the non-uranium ore district. The results revealed that uranium content of creeper was positive related to peak value of green band, valley value of red band, peak value of near-infrared band, and difference vegetation index. For the spectral curve of the plant containing uranium in uranium ore district, red edge blue-shift, nearinfrared band up-shift, compard to that in non-uranium ore district.

  Accumulation of Iron in Tubers of Different Potato Varieties 2014, 30 (24):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3363 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 529538KB )   ( 563 ) The experiment use‘Yanshu4’,‘Dongnong311’,‘Kexin13’,‘Kexin18’as the tested materials, in order to research the absorption and accumulation of Fe in tubers of different potato varieties during sampling period,to provide a reasonable basis for potato quality improvement. The results showed: during all the sampling stages, the concentrations of iron in tubers of different potato varieties show a similar patter, reducerise-reduce-rise patter, but in different varieties, the rise and reduce times were different. The maximum value appeared in the first sampling period; the tuber iron concentration of 4 varieties was‘Dongnong311’＞‘Kexin13’＞‘Yanshu4’＞‘Kexin18’, the range was 41.8-51.2 mg/kg. Iron accumulation in tubers of four varieties showed a trend of rising over all the growth period basically, and the correlation of iron accumulation and dry matter accumulation in tubers of four varieties was significant.

  Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Its Correlation Between Chemical Components of Taste in Green Tea 2014, 30 (24):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0019 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 681431KB )   ( 612 ) The study was according to the sensory evaluation and scoring, different kinds of green tea were classified into 3 group. Four taste attributes (bitter, umami, astringent and sweet) were determined to evaluate taste profiles by quantitative descriptive analysis method. Using the method of HPLC and LC- MS on the beverage in the main chemical composition quantitative analysis in taste, determined by the differently significant analysis of four taste attributes among various teas and the correlated analysis between taste profiles and the chemical components. Results showed that high score group taste were given priority to with umami, sweet, and the taste of each attribute between different degree of extremely significant correlation. Amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, theanine, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, threonine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and total amino acid) , catechins (EGC, EGCG, GCG and total catechin), organic acids (gallic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid and total organic acid) and sucrose were found significantly correlated with the sensory attributes (P＜0.05).

  Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Evaporative Light Detector Assay for Content Determination of Cyanogenic Glucosides in Cassava 2014, 30 (24):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0070 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 557913KB )   ( 474 ) In order to research the contents of cyanogenic glucosides in collected cassava, nodal cuttings were grown in the experimental field with regular management. The second leaves from the top were collected before the harvest season and their contents of cyanogenic glucoside by HPLC method were measured. The result indicated that the contents of cyanogenic glucosides in most varieties were lower than that foreign varieties. The lowest cyanogenic glucoside cultivar,‘Q10’, contains 11.3μmol/g fresh weight, which is only about a quarter of the highest content of‘Ecu81’cultivar. This study provided an insight for cassava breeding with low cyanogenic glucoside content in leaves and tubers.

  Study on Planting Density and Fertilizer Rate of Hybrid Maize Cultivar Growing in Area 2014, 30 (24):  52-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0075 Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 436647KB )   ( 484 ) In order to study the impact on yield and agronomic characters of a new hybrid maize cultivar‘Zhongdu 100’under different planting density and fertilizer rate, three planting density 42000, 48000, 60000 per hectare and three fertilizer 450, 600, 900 kg/hm2 were set to study the change rules of yield and agronomic characters. The results showed that the different planting density, fertilizing amount and their interaction make the output to have the very significant differences. Moderately increasing the density and fertilizer can increase production, which was to reduce when overdose. The variation of agronomic characteristics was related to yield of maize. Eventually, the optimal planting density and fertilizer rate of‘Zhongdu 100’planted in a mountainous area were 48000 per hectare, and compound fertilizer 600 kg and carbamide 600 kg per hectare, while the yield was 7645.5 kg/hm2. This experiment provided a scientific basis for high-yield cultivation of‘Zhongdu 100’in the mountain area of Sichuan Province.

  Effects of Bacteria and Accessories of Chicken Manure Compost YANG Shu-Ling 2014, 30 (24):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0096 Abstract + ( 2043 )   PDF ( 580438KB )   ( 1420 ) In order to study the influence of bacteria and accessories of chicken manure compost, the experiment was conducted to study the changes of temperature，Escherichia coli numbers and the odor during chicken manure compost by adding sawdust, rice husk, yeast and lactic acid bacteria respectively. The results showed that: (1) The highest fermented temperature of yeast group reached 67.6℃, 6.9℃higher than in lactic acid bacteria group, and the fermented time lasted 16 days over 55℃, 5 days more than in lactic acid bacteria group, which better than in control group (55.9℃，5 days); (2) The highest fermented temperature in sawdust group 2.2℃higher than in rice husk group，and time lasted 3 days more than in rice husk group over 55℃; (3) The number of E. coli was reduced from 105 to 102 per gram in yeast group and lactic acid bacteria group. The odor was disappeared respectively in 7th and 8th day. The effects showed that yeast and sawdust were best for chicken manure compost in the experiment.

  Effects of Green Manure Rotation on Rice Growth Dynamics and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization 2014, 30 (24):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0117 Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 605874KB )   ( 353 ) This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate different winter green manure on characteristics of nitrogen uptake and utilization, to provide the basis for rational application of N fertilizer and improvement of nitrogen nutrition in high-yield cultivation of rice. This experiment was set to compare milk vetch, rapeseed, ryegrass and mixed of green manure on rice yield, rice growth dynamics and nitrogen uptake and utilization in rice. The results showed that among the 4 different winter green manure, the early rice with treatment of MVR-R (milk vetch- rice-rice) had the highest yield, compared with RG-R-R (ryegrass - rice - rice), RP-R-R (rapeseed- rice - rice), MS-R-R (mixed green manure- rice- rice), treatment by MV-R-R increased rice yield by 6.61%, 3.29%, 0.78%, respectively. The treatment of MV-R-R in N content in plant of rice was maximized in the tillering, booting, heading and maturity periods, higher than the average of the other treatments by 9.68%, 19.72%, 6.23% and 8.66%. At tillering, booting, heading and maturity, the treatment of MV-R-Rwas the highest in N uptake, while RP-R-R was the lowest. The N periodic accumulation for MV-RR were higher than the other treatments in the tillering to booting, booting to heading and heading to maturity periods, with the rate at 21.81%, 68.73% and 286.5% respectively. In addition, N periodic accumulation and its ratio to the total in the heading to maturity was the minimum, the maximum occurred before tillering under green manure rotation system. So the cropping system of milk vetch - rice- rice could increase nitrogen use efficiency and improve N cycling.

  Effect of Different Coal-based Humic Acids on the Leaching of Zinc in Soil 2014, 30 (24):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0125 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 601304KB )   ( 514 ) In order to understand the effects of different oal-based humic acids on the zinc leaching in soil and to explore their regulation effects on the mobilization of zinc in soil in further. A soil column leaching method was adopted to study the effects of 11 kinds of coal-based humic acids and EDTA on the zinc leaching in soil under the two types of leaching way (deionized water leaching and 5% KCl solution leaching). The results showed that the coal-based humic acids of No. 1-10 had certain passivation effect on the zinc leaching in soil and reduced the migration of zinc in soil. The coal-based humic acid of No. 11 increased the migration of zinc in soil. But the leaching effects of the coal-based humic acids of No. 1-11 were all lower than that of EDTA. The effect of 5% KCl solution on zinc leaching in soil was better than that of deionized water.

  Effects of Nitrogen Management Practices on Rice Nutrition Accumulation 2014, 30 (24):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0139 Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 602213KB )   ( 686 ) To synergistically increase crop yield and fertilizer nitrogen (N) efficiency, a field experiment was conducted to study effects of N application on dry matter accumulation and nutrients accumulation at different growing stages with Liaoxing 1 as the tested objective. The results showed that N application significantly increased rice dry matter and N, phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) accumulation and their accumulation rate, especially at the late growing stage. With rice growing, dry matter and N, P and K accumulation all increased, the accumulation rate was obviously high between jointing stage and milk stage for dry matter and N, while the increasing rate of P and K rose before milk stage, indicating that early growing stage was the key period for P and K uptake by rice, and late growing stage was the key period for N uptake and dry matter accumulation. In view of grain yield, fertilizer N efficiency and nutrients accumulation characteristics, N postponed application at the rate of 210 kg/hm2 (40%base fertilizer + 40% tillering fertilize r+ 20% heading fertilizer) is the optimal N application strategy.

  The Effects of the Soil Layer Replacement to the Rhizosphere Soil Enzymes and the Soil Nutrients of Different Crops 2014, 30 (24):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0164 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 596636KB )   ( 424 ) In order to investigate the effects of the soil layer replacement to the rhizosphere soil enzymes and the soil nutrients of different crops. The catalase, urease and invertase of soil at June, August, October of crops were determined by conventional method, and the soil nutrient content was determined at mature stage of crops by conventional method. The results showed that: soil layer replacement could decreased the catalase, urease and invertase of rhizosphere soil of crops and the change of catalase, urease were identical. The invertase of rhizosphere soil of crops were different, the invertase of rhizosphere soil of sugarbeet and potato was first increased and then decreased. The soil layer replacement treatment reduced soil nutrient content of rhizosphere soil of crops and changed the pH. The soil layer replacement increased the yield of crops, and the yield of soybean, potato and sugar beet increased significantly by 20.1%, 25.00% and 38.89% compared with CK. Therefore, the soil layer replacement could overall activate soil nutrient and increased soil enzyme activity. The soil layer replacement had main effect to increase the yield of corp.

  Similarity-difference Analysis for 14 Wheat Varieties (or Lines) 2014, 30 (24):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0176 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 568549KB )   ( 516 ) In order to further optimize the structure of wheat varieties, improve wheat yields and quality and ensure food security, 15 characters of 14 wheat varieties (or lines) had been analyzed by using the method of the similarity- difference comparison (the ideal value method) analysis for selecting the wheat varieties (or lines) suitable to the ecological planting condition of Baoji. The results showed that the integrated identical degree of‘xinong 167’(0.9622), which 96.22% of the properties in its 15 characters reached the breeding goals and demands, was the most desirable and got the best synthetical properties among 14 varieties. Followed by‘Luo 6073’(0.9014) with high yield, high lodging resistance and good comprehensive disease resistance. Then were 'Xinmai 0401' (0.9021) and‘Changhe 25’(0.8954), both of them were characterized by lodging resistance, disease resistance and harmonious in three elements of production. The control variety‘Zhoumai 18’(0.8713) showed medium productivity in this experiment, but it was still a fine variety for its good comprehensive local performance with stable high yield for many years. Therefore, in 14 tested varieties (or lines), 5 varieties such as‘Xinong 167’,‘Luo 0401’,‘Xinmai 6073’,‘Changhe 25’and‘Zhoumai 18’, which were all with excellent comprehensive performance characteristics, could be planted for demonstration under the ecological condition in Baoji irrigation region.

  Analysis of the Impacts of Climate Change on Winter Wheat Growth in Loess Plateau Region of East Gansu 2014, 30 (24):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0219 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 886657KB )   ( 611 ) In order to study the impacts of climate change on winter wheat growth, the author used the winter wheat growth observation data and climatic factors data of consecutive 33 years (1981-2013) in the east of Gansu Province, took linear regression, polynomial function, climate tendency rate and other methods to analyze the impacts of climate change on winter wheat. The results showed that in the growth period of winter wheat of the past 33 years, the average temperature increased significantly, climate tendency rate was 0.75℃/ 10 a; effective accumulated temperature rose, climate tendency rate was 45.79℃/10 a; total precipitation decreased, the climate tendency rate was -29.17 mm/10 a; sunshine duration increased, climate tendency rate was 25.75 h/10 a. Climate change postponed sowing and wintering of wheat, brought ahead turning green, jointing, heading and mature time, shorted the whole growth period of winter wheat, the tendency rate was - 6.669 d/10 a; plant height decreased; plant density and trefoil stage increased, the development period reduced, tiller number and tiller number; overwintering mortality decreased; the rate of sterile spikelet decreased, grain number, 1000 grain weight, spike rate increased acres. Climate yield of winter wheat in loess plateau region of east Gansu in 1981-2013 had a tendency of increase, yield and growth period of climate was negatively correlated with average temperature, precipitation, accumulated temperature and sunshine hours were positively correlated, the shortage of water resources was the restricting factor of winter wheat growth in east of Gansu Province, the temperature was the key factor to affect the yield of winter wheat.

  Effects of Different Cultivation and Water Retaining Agent on Summer Maize Growth and Development 2014, 30 (24):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0249 Abstract + ( 871 )   PDF ( 883905KB )   ( 409 ) In order to clarify the effects of different cultivation and water retaining agent on summer maize on dry land in eastern Henan province,‘Zhengdan 958’was used as the planting material to research the effects of furrow sowing, water retaining agent and straw mulching on summer maize growth and development. The results showed that: compared to the control, all the measures promoted summer maize emergence rate, root numbers, LAI and dry matter accumulation. In the earlier stage of summer maize growth, the measure of sowing mulching water retaining agent had the best effect, followed by furrow sowing water retaining agent; but in the late stage, the measure of sowing mulching water retaining agent had the best effect, followed by mulching water retaining agent. Different treatments increased the grain yield by 9.59%-54.6%, the yield increment was the greatest (54.6% ) by the sowing mulching water retaining agent, followed by mulching retaining agent (51.03% ).This study showed that sowing mulching water retaining agent promoted the summer maize emergence and root status, promoted the LAI and dry matter accumulation, increased the grain yield of summer maize.

  Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of 123 Cotton Breeding Materials 2014, 30 (24):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0255 Abstract + ( 1214 )   PDF ( 505996KB )   ( 520 ) To understand the relationship of main characters of cotton, 123 cotton breeding materials were evaluated comprehensively. Yield、disease resistance、fiber quality and other characters were correlatively analyzed and fiber quality characters were clustered. The results showed that: (1) the variation coefficients of Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt disease index、individual lint yield, seed yield and individual boll number were relatively larger than that of fiber quality characters; (2) there were six significant positive correlation characters with seed yield, in which correlation coefficient of individual lint yield and boll weight were relatively high; the correlation coefficient of upper half mean length with uniformity index was 0.69**, with elongation was 0.78**; the correlation coefficient of elongation with fiber strength was -0.62**, with uniformity index was -0.63**, the maximum correlation coefficient of micronaire value and boll weight was 0.51**; (3) 123 cotton breeding materials were classified into three groups by fiber quality characters. The study provided theoretical basis and reference for breeding material cross combination and cultivating new cotton varieties of high yield、good quality and disease resistance.

  Impacts of the Different Seeding Time on Growing Development and Production of Corn 2014, 30 (24):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0277 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 618608KB )   ( 503 ) In order to cope with climate change and avoid spring drought effects on corn growing development, an experiment of sowing at different times was conducted to research the changes on the corn growing development and production. The results showed that the early sowing corn could receive longer period of duration, better growth, higher chlorophyll content, more dry matter accumulation and higher output, while the late sowing corn which were easily affected by spring drought, resulted in poor growth and low output. Therefore, to bring forward the traditional corn seeding time from late April to early and mid April in Xifeng tableland area can avoid the harm of spring drought, benefit corn growing development and increase both production and income. However, the change of spring sowing date should be adjusted to local conditions. In years with serious spring drought or light drought, the impacts of early spring sowing on corn growth and production increase are significant, while in years with abundant rain and no spring drought, to carry out the spring sowing according to the normal time is favorable for the growth of corn.

  Effects on Physiological Characteristics of Ipomoea batatas Lam Under Salt Stress and Exogenous Ca2+ 2014, 30 (24):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0281 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 793150KB )   ( 371 ) In order to further study the salt- tolerance mechanism of Ipomoea batatas Lam, three cultivars,‘Xushu No 18’,‘Lizixiang’, and‘Shengli No 100’were used to investigate the physiological basis of salttolerance, and the effects after treated with Ca2+ were studied. The results showed that under salt stress, the contents of total N and Chl a, Chl b, DNA, RNA and RNA/DNA ratio in leaves were declined, free amino acid contents were increased, and praline was rapid accumulated. After treated with Ca2+ , Na+ in leaves were declined, ability of salt-tolerance was increased, injury of plasma membrane was delayed, kinds and activities of isoenzyme were increased, three cultivars showed the same. This research would be helpful to the further study of salt-tolerance mechanism of Ipomoea batatas Lam, and probably provides basic theory for its breeding and high-yield plantation.

  Effects of Ratio of Row Spacing to Intrarow Spacing on Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation and Utilization of Early and Late Rice 2014, 30 (24):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0296 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 764345KB )   ( 424 ) The aim of the study was to provide a theoretical basis for the configuration of ratio of row spacing to intrarow spacing (RS/IS). With early rice‘Zhongjiazao 17’and‘Ganxin 203’and late rice‘Ganxin 688’and‘WufengyouT025’as materials, the effects of RS/IS (Ratio of row spacing to intrarow row spacing) on yield, nitrogen accumulation and utilization were studied in the same planting density of 31.20×104 hills/hm2. The results showed that yield of early rice were higher in RS/2.8 (30.0 cm×10.7 cm), RS/2.0 (25.0 cm×12.8 cm) treatment and lower in RS/5.0 (40.0 cm×8.0 cm), RS/1.3 (20.0 cm×16.0 cm) treatment, while for late rice was higher in RS/5.0, RS/2.0 treatment and lower in RS/2.8, RS/1.3 treatment. For early rice, the total nitrogen accumulation and apparent utilization ratio of nitrogen were higher in RS/2.0 treatment and lower in RS/5.0 treatment, while for late rice, that were higher in RS/2.8 treatment and lower in RS/5.0 treatment. For early rice, nitrogen requirement for 100 kg grain production was higher in RS/1.3 treatment and lower in RS/2.0 treatment, while for late rice that was higher in RS/2.8 treatment, lower in RS/5.0 treatment. It was obvious that 4 varieties of early and late rice obtained higher yield in 25.0 cm×12.8 cm and lower yield in 20.0 cm×16.0 cm, and treatment 40.0 cm×8.0 cm had lower total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen requirement for 100 kg grain production and apparent utilization ratio of nitrogen.

  Phenotype Identification and Cluster Analysis of North Soybean Based on Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition 2014, 30 (24):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0299 Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1761364KB )   ( 666 ) Selecting of hybrid parents according to the target traits is the premise of improving selection efficiency of soybean cultivars with high quality oil content. The content of oil and 5 fatty acids was measured in 240 soybean germplasm of North China. Phenotypes and genotypes were identified and classified by genetic diversity, principle components and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were rich genetic variation and diversity for the content of oil and 5 fatty acids in 240 soybean collections in North China. According to the principle components analysis, three principle components were screened. Cluster analysis was conducted with three principle components. 240 germplasm resources were divided into seven genetic groups by clustering analysis. Group 1, 6, 7 were high oil content cluster; Group 3, 5 were the second-rate high oil content cluster; Group 2, 4 were low oil content cluster. The fatty acids compositions showed differences among 7 groups. According to the breeding target, selecting parents from groups could improve the efficiency of breeding high quality cultivars.

  The Study of Exogenous Phenolic Acids on Potted Soybean Seedling Allelopathy 2014, 30 (24):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0338 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 643068KB )   ( 558 ) The study took several generally reported exogenous phenolic acid as the reagent, by potted experiment, to reveal the effect of different concentration exogenous phenolic acid on the stage of soybean seedling growth. By setting five kinds of different concentration of exogenous phenolic acid on potted experiment, the author discussed different concentration of exogenous phenolic acid on the index of potted soybean seedling growth. The main results were as follow: three different kinds of concentrations of exogenous phenolic acid effected gently on the height of potted soybean. Compared with the control, benzoic acid treatment and cinnamon treatment significantly increased the leaf area of the potted soybean seedling at a concentration of 1.0 g/kg. When the phenolic concentration was 1.0 g/kg, benzoic acid treatment and vanilla acid treatment significantly increased the number of potted soybean nodules, and the impact of cinnamic acid treatment was small. There was an increasing trend of the root-shoot ratio of the seedling potted soybean under the three kinds of different concentrations of phenolic acid, when the concentration was at 1.0 g/kg, the root cap ratio was No.1. The low concentration of exogenous phenolic acid had no significant effects on potted soybean growth and development on the whole. High concentration of exogenous phenolic acid inhibited the aerial parts of potted soybean growth, increased the number of nodule potted soybean and improved the root-shoot ratio of potted soybean.

  Effects of Different Organic Materials on Spring Wheat Yield and Soil Fertility of Irrigated Desert Soil 2014, 30 (24):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0343 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 660608KB )   ( 387 ) Effects of application of 6 different organic materials such as cattle manure, biogas residue, sewage sludge, chicken manure, mushroom residue and pig manure on spring wheat yield and soil fertility of irrigated desert soil were studied in order to investigate the agricultural feasibility of organic wastes. The study was carried out through field experiments, in which combined application of 6 different organic materials and 70% conventional chemical fertilizer was adopted, with 8 treatments set up in total. The results showed that combined application of 6 different organic materials and 70% conventional chemical fertilizer could increase the grain yield and biological yield of spring wheat in comparison to control. Mushroom residue, sewage sludge and chicken manure could increase N use efficiency and mushroom residue, biogas residue and sewage sludge could increase P use efficiency of spring wheat by contrast with conventional chemical fertilizer application. The K use efficiency of mushroom residue and sewage sludge was found to be much higher than other treatments, reaching 97.47% and 94.75% respectively. The input of different organic materials increased the organic matter content of irrigated desert soil, without having significant influences on soil total nutrient content, but having different influences on soil available nutrient content.

  Characteristics Analysis of Hybrid Rice Varieties Series of‘Minhui 3301’ 2014, 30 (24):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3351 Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 482926KB )   ( 581 ) The characteristics of 8 hybrid rice varieties series of‘Minhui 3301’registered in Fujian province were analyzed in this paper to investigate their yield potential and conduct further research on the breeding of high quality-yield hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that: the heavy panicle rice varieties, including the medium rice varieties‘Hua2you 3301’‘, Minfengyou 3301’‘,Ⅱyou 3301’and‘Quanyou 3301’, all had high yield advantages in grain number per panicle (174.0 to 220.5), 1 000-grain weight (28.9 to 30.2 ) and single panicle weight (4.39 to 5.19 ). The late rice varieties‘Tianyou 3301’,‘Guyou 3301’,‘Lianyou3301’and‘Taifengyou 3301’belonged to the panicle-kernel rice varieties. Among the 8 rice varieties,‘Guyou 3301’had better resistance to rice blast. Chalkiness and chalky rice rate were the main influence factors on grain quality. In future cultivation of hybrid rice, it is important to highlight regional distribution and cultivation techniques, give consideration to chalkiness, chalky rice rate and improve the resistance of hybrid rice to rice blast.

  The Growth and Yield of Different Sections of Vines Cuttings of Sweet Potato 2014, 30 (24):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0004 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 492100KB )   ( 356 ) To decide the effect of different vines cuttings, the growth and yield of the different vine cuttings with 30 cm long of sweet potato were evaluated. The result showed that both the number of branches and the yield of first section (top section) and the second section (middle section) were significantly higher than the third section (base section). So, the first and second sections should be chosen for sweet potato cuttage rather than the base sections. It was recommended that the first section (top section) and the second section (middle section) should not be mixed with the third section (base section) when planting sweet potato vine cuttings. This result could provide useful information for sweet potato production.

  Genetic Rule of Dwarf Trait in New Waxy Dwarf Wheat 11-805 2014, 30 (24):  152-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0095 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 440610KB )   ( 310 ) The new waxy dwarf wheat 11- 805 was bred by Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In order to study the dwarf genetic rule of 11-805, this test carried out a systematic research on dwarf genetic characteristics in 11-805. 11-805 was hybridized with three taller parents‘Mianmai 37’,‘Mianmai 43’and‘Mianmai 1618’respectively. The results showed that the plant height of Fl was between the taller parent and the mean of parents, and all the D values were negative. It indicated that the plant height of 11- 805 was controlled by recessive genes. The ratio of the dwarf plants, the semi-dwarf plants and the tall plants in three F2 progeny was 1:2:1, and there was over parent segregation in F2 progeny. The results showed that the dwarf character of 11-805 was controlled by a pair of recessive major genes, and affected by some minor genes. The plants height of reciprocal crosses F1 generation decreased 16.07% and 15.67%, which indicated that the dwarf waxy wheat 11-805 had significantly reduced plant height characteristics.

  Effect of Seeds Coating Within Fe, Mn, Mo on Seedling Growth in Maize 2014, 30 (24):  156-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0110 Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 572013KB )   ( 820 ) In this study, we choose maize cultivars‘Sanxiayu No.3’as materals to examine effects of seeds coating within Fe, Mn, Mo on seedling growth in maize. The results showed that Fe, Mn, Mo could promoted the growth of maize seedling, and the maize seedling traits growth difference because of the different microelement. The effect of microelement on the maize seedling traits was Fe and Mn higher than Mo. The seedling traits of maize, which showed the change of“low-high-low”with the increase of microelement concentration, except for the root number. The relationship between seedling traits and microelement concentration accordance with the rule of quadratic function (y=c+bx+ax2). In conclusion, the best of maize seed coating within Fe, Mn, Mo concentration was 474.83-1163.45, 100-500, 386.40-649.04 mg/kg, respectively.

  Effect of Meteorological Factors on Cotton Yield in Different Years 2014, 30 (24):  162-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0128 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 564905KB )   ( 462 ) The experiment was carried out in Liaocheng of west Shandong Province from 2009 to 2013 with‘Lumianyan 28’, which widely applied in production, as the test material. The author discussed the influence of meteorological factors change on cotton yield in different years. The results showed that: firstly, the accumulated temperature change was insignificant in growth period, the coefficient of variation of sunshine hour was 7.4%, the coefficient of variation of precipitation was up to 18.4%; secondly, sunshine hour and seed cotton yield, seed cotton yield before frost, lint yield were positively correlated; last, precipitation and seed cotton yield, seed cotton yield before frost, lint yield were negatively correlated, all reached significant level. It was showed that precipitation was the key meteorological factor affecting cotton production.

  The Study of Optimum Density of Corn‘Longping 206’ in Huaibei Area 2014, 30 (24):  167-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0138 Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 463851KB )   ( 480 ) The study aims to clarify the optimum density of‘Longping 206’variety in Huaibei Area and provide theoretical basis for supporting the good seed. Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different densities on yield, agronomy traits and ear characters, and was arranged in a single factor randomized block design. The results showed that during the density of 30000 to 75000 plants/hm2, with the increase of density, the yield increased significantly, when the density reached 75000 plants/hm2, the yield reached maximum; but during the density of 75000 to 120000 plants/hm2, the yield decreased significantly with the increase of density, but there was no significant difference among the treatment of 75000, 60000 and 90000 plants/hm2. The equation of density and yield, y=0.31036xe(- 0.000012182x) (r=0.994**) revealed that the maximum productivity of plant could not exceed 310.36 g, the density of maximum yield was 82085 plants/hm2 and the maximum theoretical yield was 9372.4 kg/hm2. With the increase of planting density, the plant height, ear height, lodging rate and empty stalk rate increased significantly. Double ear rate, ear length, row number and 1000-grain weight were decreased significantly. The optimum density of‘Longping 206’in Huaibei Area was 60652 plants/hm2.

  Inhibitory Effect of Different Allelopathic Hybrid Rice and New Strains on Barnyardgrass Under Two Planting Patterns 2014, 30 (24):  171-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0145 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 618598KB )   ( 482 ) In order to explore the effective methods of using rice allelopathy, inhibitory effect of allelopathic hybrid rice and new strains on barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv] in the field was compared with‘PI312777’, a strong allelopathic rice of the United States. Two common rice planting patterns including water direct seeding and seedling transplanting were designed as treatment. The inhibition rate before sealing line, the inhibition rate of competition and the inhibition rate of filling stage of allelopathic rice and the average plant height and the dry weight per plant of associated barnyard grass were investigated in this paper. Seedling transplanting treatment had better inhibitory effects on average plant height and dry weight per plant of barnyardgrass compared with direct seeding treatment. The direct seeding treatment had higher inhibition rate of allelopathic rice on barnydgrass and smaller coefficient of variation compared with seedling transplanting treatment. So the direct seeding treatment was a better allelopathic rice planting pattern. The inhibitory effect of allelopathic rice on barnyard grass was influenced by environmental conditions, and the allelopathy effect was relatively stable, while the competition effect varied greatly with the environment. The correlation analysis showed that the grass suppression effects of allelopathic rice did not have obvious influence on the survival of barnyardgrass above ground biomass. Through the enhancement of allelopathic rice allelopathy, the germination of barnyardgrass could be effectively suppressed. The experimental results showed that the allelopathic rice was more suitable for direct planting materials and had a good prospect of application in production.

  Study on the Agro-climatological Division of Thermo-sensitive Genetic Male Sterility Rice Seed Production 2014, 30 (24):  181-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0162 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 590006KB )   ( 357 ) To provide reasonable layout and scientific basis for sustainable development of thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility (TGMS) rice in Hainan Island under the background of global warming, this study based on the meteorological data of January- March (1961- 2010) accumulated by 18 stations, geographical information, TGMS rice fertility sensitive stage and heading- flowering stage desired temperature indicator, using GIS technology to built TGMS rice suitability zoning. The results showed that the suitable planting zone was the south of Wuzhishan, Jianfengling and DiaoluoshanMountain field, Sub suitable zones mainly located in the southeastern and southwestern area, most area was unsuitable region.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Peanut Germplasm Resources in Shanxi Province Based on Quality Traits 2014, 30 (24):  187-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0189 Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 604961KB )   ( 434 ) In order to explore the use values of 90 samples of peanut collected from Shanxi Province and select high-quality varieties, this study measured and analyzed their quality traits in laboratory, including protein content, oil content, content of oleic acid and linoleic acid, and discussed the relationship between the quality traits and geographic origin and different groups. The results showed that the diversity indexes of five quality traits were 2.04, 2.02, 2.02, 1.99, 1.93, indicating that the quality traits of peanut germplasm resources in Shanxi had rich genetic diversity. The coefficient variation of the 5 quality traits were 0.06, 0.09, 0.11, 0.11, 0.23, indicating that there was a significant difference between the quality traits among the resources. The 90 samples were divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis. High-quality resources were screened, for example Wuxiang red peanuts, Linxian multigerm, Yongji small wasp waist. The results provided a scientific theoretical basis for rational utilization of local germplasm resources and breeding of new peanut varieties with high quality in Shanxi Province.

  Effects of Row Spacing on the Yield and Yield Components of Winter Wheat in Hebei 2014, 30 (24):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0294 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 524692KB )   ( 796 ) For the purpose of optimizing the sowing pattern and row spacing of winter wheat to achieve high and stable yield, a field study was conducted at Gaocheng City in Hebei Province during 2011- 2013. Three treatments were set up: three narrow row spacing followed by one wide row spacing (A), four narrow row spacing followed by one wide row spacing (B) and six narrow row spacing followed by one wide row spacing (C). The average row spacing of treatments A, B and C were 17.6 cm, 15.0 cm and 11.7 cm, respectively. The results from the two years’experiment showed that the yield order of the three treatments was treatment B＞treatment C＞treatment A. The average yield of the two years under treatment B was 12.2%, greater than that of A, and the yield of treatment C was 9.0% greater than that of A (P＜0.05). The results also showed that compared with treatment A, treatment B had the potential to increase winter wheat yield, while compared with treatment C, treatment B had the advantage of high operability in practice. Therefore, it was recommended that the four narrow spacing followed by one wide spacing practice could be used widely in this region.

  Diversity Analysis and Evaluation of 13 Cassava Germplasms 2014, 30 (24):  199-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0644 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 768586KB )   ( 435 ) In order to screen out the new cassava cultivars, the paper identified the 13 cassava lines based on the agronomic traits. The results showed that, there were rich diversities among the 13 cassava lines, shown as the shape of leaf, the color of the leaf, the number of lobes, the color of leaf vein, the color of the petiole, the inner and outside skin color of the stem, the color of the young stem, the plant type, the branch, the height, the diameter of the stem, the distribution of tuber, the shape of the tuber, the inner and outside skin color of the tuber, the color of the root, as well as harvest index, the starch and dry matter content of tuber. This work evaluated 13 cassava genotypes systematically, screened out 5 excellent new lines, and provided the reference for the classification of cassava germplasms.

  Research on Influences of Sowing Dates on the Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat in Rice Stubble-field 2014, 30 (24):  206-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1320 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 531027KB )   ( 348 ) In order to study the influence of sowing date on the quality trait of strong gluten wheat, taking‘Yumai 34’strong gluten wheat as the experimental material, three completely randomized block designs were conducted in the stubble-field of Yellow River area for sowing dates: Oct. 8th, Oct. 18th, and Oct. 28th, then after harvest, parameters such as protein content and its components, starch content and its components, and farinograph values were measured. Results showed that during Oct 8th to 28th, when sowing date was postponed, grain protein content increased significantly: the highest was 14% and the lowest was 11.27% ; starch content decreased: the highest was 77.63% and the lowest was 62.67%. The effect of sowing date on protein components and starch components differs inconsistently. Taking into consideration of flour quality and the results of parameter assessments, the experiment indicates that mid-time (Oct 18th) sowing was the best: the formation time was 6.70 min, the farinograph quality index was 99.26 mm, the water absorbing rate was 71.06% and the stability time was 7.02 min. Late-time (Oct. 28th) sowing performs worst: the formation time was 5.34 min, the farinograph quality index was 91.46 mm, the water absorbing rate was 64.94% and the stability time was 7.58 min.

  Study on Abundant or Lack Index of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Optimum Economic Fertilizing of Winter Wheat in Western Guanzhong District 2014, 30 (24):  210-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1437 Abstract + ( 1403 )   PDF ( 603065KB )   ( 401 ) The study aims to establish winter wheat abundant or lack index of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in western Guanzhong District, and gain the optimum economic fertilizing guide to practice. 30 winter wheat“3414”fertilizer effect experiments were conducted in different soil fertility levels zone in Baoji Chencang District, which located in the west of Shaanxi Guanzhong from 2006 to 2010. The authors researched the relationship between winter wheat relative yield and soil available nutrients and determined soil nutrient abundant or lack index and the optimum economic fertilizing through relative equations. The results showed that, the soil nutrient can be divided into 5 levels, namely extremely high, high, medium, low and extremely low according to critical value standard of winter wheat relative yield 55% , 75% , 85% and 95% by statistical analysis of experimental data. The winter wheat soil abundant or lack index were as follows, the critical index of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were＞110, 80-110, 50-80, 20-50,＜20 mg/kg. The critical index of soil available P were＞50, 35-50, 20-35, 10-20,＜10 mg/kg. The critical index of soil available K were＞190, 150- 190, 110- 150, 70- 110,＜70 mg/kg .The average optimum economic fertilizing of winter wheat in Western Guanzhong district were as follows, applied pure nitrogen 177.0 kg/hm2, phosphorus pentoxide 124.5 kg/hm2, potassium oxide76.5 kg/hm2 for winter wheat. Analysis results indicated that abundant or lack index of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the optimum economic fertilizing of winter wheat had strong pertinence and effectiveness. It had theoretical and practical significance to instruct scientific fertilization of winter wheat in western Guanzhong District.

  The Follow-up Effect of Wheat Different Irrigation Models on the Growth of Summer Maize and Soil Salt 2014, 30 (24):  217-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1479 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 1030220KB )   ( 385 ) In order to discuss suitable irrigation quota and percentage of channel and well in cornfield, the experiment was carried out by field to study the effect of different irrigation quota and different percentage of channel and well on the growth of summer maize and soil salinity. The results showed that, channel water irrigation could improve soil secondary salinization, reduce surface soil salinity and be benefit to plant growth. Under the condition of the same percentage of channel and well and different irrigation quota, soil salinity variation was big in seedling stage, jointing stage and booting stage, but it was small in filling stage. Hundredgrain weight of summer maize was the heaviest when the ratio of channel and well water was 0.33 and irrigation quota was 900 m3/hm2. And the growth of summer maize will be suppressed by low irrigation quota.

  Effects of Ratio of Nitrogen Basal and Topdressing and Application Time on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution and Tuber Yield of Potato 2014, 30 (24):  224-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0253 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 998237KB )   ( 390 ) Nitrogen application at different growth stages of potato will have effect on tuber yield and quality by influencing the vine growth and tuber development. A plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application time and application ratio of basal and topdressing on dry matter accumulation and distribution in potato plant, as well as tuber yield. As the experiment material, cultivar‘KX 13’was grown at N application level (180 kg/hm2). The results demonstrated that the treatment with applying 1/2 of all N at the end of tuber formation stage obtained the highest yield (38.1 t/hm2), compared with applying at the early tuber formation stage and the early tuber bulking stage, tuber yield increased by 14.1%(P＜0.05), harvest index increased by 16.7%(P＜0.05). Compared with applying 3/5 of all N at the early tuber formation stage, marketable tuber ratio increased by 4.4%(P＜0.05). The results also demonstrated that dressing N at the early tuber bulking stage or applying 67% of all N at the end of tuber formation stage could decrease the dry matter content of tuber(P＜0.05), but could decrease specific gravity slightly. The suitable N fertilizer application ratio of basal and topdressing could influence the yield and quality of tuber largely.

  Research on Potential of Grain Yield and Characters Related to It of The Super-high-yield Plant in Wheat 2014, 30 (24):  231-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0270 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 512085KB )   ( 359 ) To explore the grain production potential and characters related to yield, this paper took 57 plants of F2 different genotypes of super- high- yield in wheat as materials and analyzed the yield characters, the correlation and path and regression between related characters. The results showed that: (1) Selective probability for super-high-yield plant (≥80g/plant) was 0.00518% in field. (2)The ears per plant, the grains per ear, 1000- grain weigh, seed setting panicles, grain weight per ear and grain density were significantly positive correlated to yield per plant, panicles of infertility was significantly negative correlated to yield per plant, and the plant height, the ear length and the 1000-grain weight showed no significant correlation. (3)The ears per plant was the greatest contribution to the grain weight per plant and decided 65.33% of the yield, the grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight and the number of grains per plant decided 19.92%, 18.15% and 13.72% and 5.6% of the yield respectively. Selective probability for plant (≥80 g/plant) was 0.00518% in field.

  The Model for Predicting Soil Bulk Density Based on the BP Neural Network 2014, 30 (24):  237-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0307 Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 1087364KB )   ( 596 ) Soil bulk density is becoming more and more significant in modern agricultural production and research. However, it has not drawn enough attention in both practical production and scientific research because it is expensive and labor-some to obtain the exact value traditionally. Fortunately, the development of mathematical modeling techniques enables researchers to get soil bulk density indirectly using PTFs (pedotransfer functions) recently. In order to study the feasibility of PTFs’prediction for soil bulk density, the author applied BP neural network algorithm to establish PTFs. The study materials were 2 kinds of soil samples with different physical parameter, which were made in lab environment. The data used included the bulk density, cone index and volumetric water content of the examined samples, to train and test BP networks. They were measured with the help of a dual-sensor penetrometer. In this study, 6 PTFs based on BP neural network algorithm were established and evaluated by the root mean square error (RMSE) and the determination coefficient (R2) in the platform of MATLAB2008a. 2 types of soil samples (clay and silt-loam) with different physical parameters were made as study materials. According to the results, PTFs using BP neural network algorithm could effectively predict the soil bulk density with data from a dual-sensor penetrometer. The R2 of clay PTF for bulk density reached 0.6973, and the R2 of silt-loam PTF for bulk density reached 0.6868. It also supported that soil bulk density prediction using BP networks was significantly related with soil type, while had nothing to do with penetration depth.

  Soil Water Dynamics and Its Effects on Yield in Spring Corn Growing Season in North-central of Shanxi Province 2014, 30 (24):  246-250.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0312 Abstract + ( 675 )   PDF ( 701684KB )   ( 404 ) In order to know the soil moisture and maize growth relationship, improve the utilization rate of soil water, to coordinate the deployment of water resources and provide a theoretical basis for disaster prevention and reduction, 0-50 cm growing season soil moisture and yield of maize using observation data of 1994-2010 weather for agriculture in Xin House District Stations, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province in spring maize, the author analyzed the effects of maize growth variation in soil water season and on maize yield. The results showed that: the spring maize growing season soil moisture variability oscillation obviously, was change, and the annual precipitation was related significantly; 3 phase change of soil moisture in a year was divided into water consuming stage, water supply and water stable period; the vertical variation of soil moisture significantly, in the 20-30 cm layer maximum moisture content, 0-20 cm for multiple layer, 20-50 cm as the buffer layer, soil moisture variation of rainy season than dry season complex; maize jointing stage, milk stage water storage in soil and climate yield were positively correlated, tasseling stage was the critical period of water requirement, the 0-50 cm soil water storage increased by 10 mm, increased production of 200-250 kg/hm2。.

  Effect of Different Soil Amendment on Planosol Nutrient Change and Yield of Soybean 2014, 30 (24):  251-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0409 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 466008KB )   ( 551 ) To investigate the application effect of different soil amendment combination of planosol, under field conditions, seven treatments were designed to study the effects of the biological fertilizer, organic fertilizer and lime on planosol nutrient change and yield and quality of soybean. The results indicated that: compared with conventional fertilization, treatment with different soil amendment improved the plant height, dry matter weight at different development stages of soybean, significantly improved the soybean grain number and number of pod, but had no obvious effects on 100- grain weight. Different soil amendment application could improve soybean production and the range of increase in yield was 9.7 % to 25.6 % , and the difference reached significant level. The contents of soil available nutrient and pH were increased, soil chemical properties were improved; the soybean protein and fat contents were increased, and soybean quality was improved. Different soil amendment combination mixed application was better than single application. In conclusion, on the basis of the above analysis, biological fertilizer + organic fertilize treatment and lime + organic fertilizer treatment were good soil amendment combination.

  Dynamics of β-Glucan Accumulation in Barley Seeds 2014, 30 (24):  255-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0554 Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 619797KB )   ( 436 ) The aim of the study was to understand the impact of different sowing time on grainβ- glucan content and the dynamic variation of grainβ- glucan in barley.‘Supi6’and‘Zangqing 25’were used as research materials in this study. The grainβ-glucan content for each material was tested at different stage after flowering in condition of three sowing times in two years. The results showed that: the grainβ-glucan content in‘Supi6’was not affected by sowing time, while it in‘Zangqing 25’was affected significantly by sowing time and reached the highest in early November. With normal sowing time, grainβ-glucan content concentration in barely was increased gradually from blossoming to the 30th day after flowering and was stabilized after that. Accumulation rate ofβ-glucan content reached two peaks at 1-5 days and 20-25 days after flowering. The effect of the sowing time was different on different barleys, and 1-5 days and 20-25 days after flowering were the key time of the accumulation rate.

  Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Water Holding Capacity 2014, 30 (24):  259-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0278 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 798070KB )   ( 476 ) In order to improve the farmland soil structure, increase farmland’s productivity, soil moisture capacity and crop yield in Beijing, this project has been carried out since 2009 in conservation tillage farmland in Yanqing, Beijing, to study the effect of subsoiling. A thorough comparative analysis of no-tillage and notillage+subsoiling on soil bulk density, moisture rate, infiltration rate and crop growth and yield was conducted. The results of test indicated that compared with no-tillage, no-tillage+ subsoiling treatment could reduce soil bulk density by 3.4% and increase the stable infiltration rate by 62.5% within 0 to 30 cm soil layer, while the average soil moisture content was increased by 5.9% within 0 to 100 cm soil layer. Therefore the subsoiling could improve the soil water holding capacity, contribute to the growth of crops.

  Quality and Environmental Risk Assessment of the Fertilizers on the Market in Guangdong Province 2014, 30 (24):  265-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0085 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 555692KB )   ( 587 ) In order to investigate the classified information, quality and environmental risk of the fertilizers on the market in Guangdong Province. An investigation of fertilizer quality on the market in Guangdong Province was conducted. Results showed that: the pass rate reached 88.9% for all of the mainstream fertilizers and reached 100% for the imported fertilizers in the fertilizer market. The price of imported fertilizer was 20% higher than domestic fertilizer, and the actual nutrient content of imported fertilizers usually higher than the nominal value as usual. The contents of heavy metal of compound fertilizers were very low and within the national standards. Though prices of organic fertilizers were relatively high, contents of organic matter and moisture were all highly qualified. Furthermore, heavy metal exceeded rate of organic fertilizer was 7.7 %, and the ratio of N/P/K was different. Calcium superphosphate and soil conditioner had lower nutrients and higher heavy metal contents widespreadly.

  Study on the Potato’ s Blossom and Yield in North Sichuan Mountain Area 2014, 30 (24):  270-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0134 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 547745KB )   ( 505 ) In order to study the relationship between the blossom and yield of potato under the special geographical condition of north Sichuan mountain, completely random test of 122 potato materials in north Sichuan mountain area, showed the blossom rate significantly positive correlation with the tuber weight of single plant and the production per hectare. We think, due to the difference of geographical latitude, this might be related to the special potato growth period of north Sichuan, around the summer solstice, the sunshine time changes from short to long (blossom induction signal) returned to from long to short (tuber inducing signal), resulted tuberization and blossom light induced signals were both formed in a short period of time; but also might be related to the convergence of the blossom and tuberization photoperiod induced reaction mechanism, the same light cycle signal causes the both induction signal factors of tuberization and blossom at the same time. Clustering analysis showed that, 122 potato materials could be divided into 5 categories.

  Evaluation of Resistance of Fresh-eating Waxy Maize Varieties(Lines) to Maize Rough Dwarf Disease Virus 2014, 30 (24):  277-282.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0153 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 530095KB )   ( 395 ) For screening waxy maize germplasm and waxy variety with the resistance of maize rough dwarf virus, 64 waxy maize inbred lines and 25 waxy maize hybrids commonly in production were tested for reaction to maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) under field conditions in two years. The results showed that 60% of the inbred lines and hybrids were sensitive or high- sensitive to MRDV, and the resistance to MRDV was significantly different between different years, different cultivars and between the same cultivar in different years; inbred lines belong to T5 group had better resistance to MRDV than other three groups; two waxy hybrids were identified as resistance to MRDV.

  Changes of Gas in Different MAP and Effect of the Changes on Quality of Hawthorn Fruit WANG Liang 2014, 30 (24):  283-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0258 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 733485KB )   ( 627 ) In order to prolong fresh-keeping period of hawthorn fruits, improve storage quality of the fruits, and screen MAP film package suitable for long-period low-temperature storage of hawthorn fruits, the study took‘Dajinxing’hawthorn as materials and carried out the refrigeration test with four different MAP film packages (PE perforated bag with 20μm thickness, PVC bag with 30μm thickness, PVC bag with 50μm thickness, and fresh-keeping bag effectively penetrating CO2 with 15μm thickness). Changing tendencies of volume fraction of O2, CO2, and ethylene, changes of fruit physiology and storage quality of hawthorn in different MAP treatments were researched during refrigeration (0±0.5℃). The results showed that under the condition of (0±0.5)℃, PVC bag with 30μm thickness was beneficial to lessen fruit hardness and titratable acid content. However, in the late period of storage, it promoted rise of MDA content and browning rate. Comparatively, fresh-keeping bag effectively penetrating CO2 with 15μm thickness had insignificant effect on restriction of hardness decline and retard of titratable acid decomposition, but possessed active effect on lessening the rise of MDA content and browning rate. Among four different MAP film packages, fresh- keeping bag effectively penetrating CO2 with 15μm thickness had the best storage effect and was suitable for long- period freshkeeping of hawthorn fruits.

  Study on the Development of Gaocha Healthy Tea and Antioxidant Activity in Vitro 2014, 30 (24):  289-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0315 Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 620970KB )   ( 624 ) Gaocha health tea, with its unique health efficacy, tastes bitter and this bitterness can be reduced by adding such excipients as green tea, chrysanthemum and liquorice into the tea. The best proportion of Gaocha health tea were determined by two major factors, flavor and aroma, with Gaocha: green tea: chrysanthemum: liquorice as1.64 g:0.54 g:0.27 g: 0.27 g. Antioxidant activity of Gaocha health tea was confirmed through the comparative analysis of its scavenging effect on the free radicals ABTS and DPPH. Gaocha’s ability to remove these two free radicals was enhanced with the increase of sample concentration (0-25μg/mL). Alcohol extracts in Gaocha, at 25μg/mL, reached its strongest ability, up to 92.24%, of removing ABTS. As to remove DPPH, the ability of alcohol extracts and water extracts in the tea came respectively to 86.22% and 84.29%. While in high concentration (25 to 800μg/mL), their ability to remove ABTS and DPPH no longer developed with the increase of sample concentration.

  Analysis of the β-glucan Content Changes in Germination Process of Highland Barley Kernels 2014, 30 (24):  294-298.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0347 Abstract + ( 802 )   PDF ( 685617KB )   ( 436 ) In order to investigate the effect of different process conditions on germination rate of highland barley, determine and analyze the content ofβ-glucan in highland barley germination process, in the present study, highland barley germination rate was analyzed under different germination conditions, such as treating temperature and culture time, while various samples were collected. Subsequently highland barleyβ-glucan was determined and analyzed by phenol-sulfate method. The results showed that the best germination rate was obtained under the conditions of soaking for 6 h at 27℃, then culture for 15 h at 27℃. The highest content ofβ- glucan was 10.01% on the conditions of soaking for 6 h at 27℃and culture for 15 h at 22℃. The methodological study showed that theβ-glucan had a good linear relation in the range of 0-1 mg and the regression eguation was Y=3.9015X-0.0215, R=0.9939 (n=7). The average recovery was 96.38% with the RSD of 1.53% (n=5). Therefore, to get the high content of highland barleyβ-glucan, the grains should be treated on the conditions of soaking for 6 h at 27℃and culture for 15 h at 22℃.

  Study on the Maize Transformation with Haloxylon ammodendron BADH Gene by Agrobacterimu tumefaciens 2014, 30 (24):  299-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0228 Abstract + ( 935 )   PDF ( 542115KB )   ( 398 ) This study explored the effect of factors on Maize transformation efficiency and had important significance to establish and perfect the maize genetic transformation system. Taking the‘NingYu 0905’as the study material, the transcription factor BADH gene was transformed into Maize genome of‘NingYu 0905’by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The results revealed that adding acetosyringone could improve the transformation efficiency in corn in darkness. The highest transformation efficiency in corn was obtained when OD600 Agrobacterium tumefaciens was 0.3 for 5 min. The best transformation efficiency in corn was Agrobacterium tumefaciens and callus in 2 d CO-cultivation. The BADH gene was proved to be transferred into maize genome by PCR test of transformed plants. The highest transformation efficiency in corn was detected in 2 d CO-cultivation after 0.3 of OD600 Agrobacterium tumefaciens for 5 min.

  Application of Phage Display Technology in Food Science: A review 2014, 30 (24):  303-309.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0436 Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 676132KB )   ( 834 ) In this review, the application of phage display technology in food science was summarized. In the filed of food safety detection, phage display technology can be used as an efficient preparing method of antibody (or other affinity ligand) for the development of rapid immunoassay method, and used to screening epitope mimic peptide for the development of non-toxic detection technology. In the field of food processing, apart from used for detecting and removing the interfering substance, phage display technology can be used as a strategy for food enzyme direct evolution. In addition, this technology can also show its advantages in the field of food allergy, preparing food functional factors and developing novel food preservatives.

  Study on Polymorphisms of Eurotium cristatum by Morphology and ITS Sequence 2014, 30 (24):  310-315.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0364 Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 948602KB )   ( 474 ) In order to study the diversity of Eurotium cristatum in brick tea, the author collected five samples of brick tea from three provinces in China, separated microorganisms golden flower bacteria of No.4, 16, B1, B3, B7, and identified bacterial strains based on the morphology and molecular biology techniques. The experimental results showed that the five strains were Eurotium cristatum and there was a genetic diversity of different sources of strains, the electron microscope results of No.16 strain had the greatest difference from others, which had little holes around“equator”of ascospore. In ITS sequence of phylogenetic tree, cluster of No.4, B1, B3 and B7 was one set, cluster of No. 6 was another set. There may be a subspecies in Eurotium cristatum, which consistent with the morphological results.

  A Preliminary Study of“The Three-step Method”in Purification of a Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus paracasei ping jingge 2014, 30 (24):  316-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0057 Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 864309KB )   ( 518 ) In order to improve the yield and activity of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus paracasei HD wy-1, the purification of antibacterial substances was studied with the three-step method. The antibacterial substances were extracted and purified by the Ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM Sepharose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. It is shown that the final yield of bacteriocin was 39.93% and the specific activity was 1.56×103 AU/mg. The specific activity was increased 2.87 fold. Tricine-SDS-PAGE showed that its molecular weight was about 72 KDa. The method had shown good results, which provided theoretical foundation for physicochemical property and development of bacteriocin.