Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.23 Published:15 August 2014

  23

  Ethinylestradiol in Feeds Determined by HPLC 2014, 30 (23):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0056 Abstract + ( 1114 )   PDF ( 632251KB )   ( 673 ) To establish the domestic standard method, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed for ethinylstradiol determination in three key types of feeds (complete formula feeds, concentrated feeds, and vitamin premixes). In this assay, ethinylstradiol was extracted from feeds by acetonitrile-0.025% phosphate (1:1, v/v) solution, then the extraction solutions were purified by liquid-liquid partitioning, and further purified by the reverse phase extraction C-18 cartridge, and later, ethinylstradiol in the purified solutions was determined by reverse phase HPLC coupling fluorescence detector. The results showed that the linear ranges measured by this assay were 0.05-5 mg/L ethinylstradiol, and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9992. The LOD of this assay for feeds and vitamin premixes was 0.04 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. The LOQ was 0.1 mg/kg for feeds and 0.2 mg/kg for vitamin premixes. The average recoveries in complete formula feed at three spiked level of 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg were between 83% and 87%,with RSD ranged from 5.9% to 7.0%. The average recoveries in three key types of feeds were 81%-86%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-lab and inter-lab were 3.3%-9.6% and 5.7%-6.6%, respectively. The estalished method was environment-friendly, sensitive, and convenient for fast determination of ethinylestradiol in different types of feeds.

  Effect of Verapamil on Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Broiler Chickens Induced by Low Ambient Temperature 2014, 30 (23):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1175 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 677137KB )   ( 350 ) The effect of Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, on pulmonary vascular structural remodeling induced by low ambient temperature was investigated through observing the dynamic change of pulmonary arterioles medial thickness and pulmonary blood vessel endometry area caused by proliferous smooth muscle cells in broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty 15-day old commercial broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: 50 birds were exposed to normal temperature (22- 24℃), 50 birds were exposed to low temperature (9-11℃), and 50 birds were exposed to low temperature (9-11℃) and received 0.01% Verapamil in drinking water. At 28, 36 and 44 days of age,10 birds were randomly taked from each group.Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP ) was determined as index of pulmonary hypertension. The measurement of mean medial thickness in pulmonary arterioles (mMTPA) and ratio of vessel wall area to vessel total area (WA/TA) were conducted by using the microscopic image analysis program. The results showed as follows:（1）Verapamil significantly inhibited the increase of mPAP(kPa)，Verapamil was lower than low temperature group at 28, 36 and 44 days (P＜0.05); (2) at 28, 36 and 44 days of age, the mMTPA of 50-100μm pulmonary arterioles of low temperature group was obviously higher than that of Verapamil group (P＜0.05), it bears an analogy to the differences between groups in 100-200μm of pulmonary arterioles, Verapamil could inhibit the medial smooth muscular prolieration of pulmonary arterioles; (3) the WA/TA of pulmonary arterioles of low temperature group was obviously higher than that of Verapamil group (P＜0.05), Verapamil inhibited the hypertrophy of the vessel wall. In summary, the results indicated that Verapamil could inhibit pulmonary vascular structural remodeling and pulmonary artery hypertension induced by low ambient temperature in broiler chickens.

  Differential Expression of PPARγ Gene in Different Tissues of Holstein Bulls 2014, 30 (23):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3236 Abstract + ( 701 )   PDF ( 773066KB )   ( 454 ) The objective of this study was to compare the differential expression of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) gene in different tissues in two ages of Holstein bulls. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to determine the relative expression of the PPARγ gene using RNA isolated from different adipose tissues (subcutaneous fat over the rib, subcutaneous fat over the sirloin, kidney fat, and mesenteric fat) and muscle tissues (longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus) in two ages (15 and 17 mo) of Holstein bulls. The results showed that, expression of PPARγ in mesenteric fat, kidney fat and subcutaneous sirloin fat was greater (P<0.05) than the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. And it was also greater (P<0.05) in mesenteric fat and kidney fat than the subcutaneous rib fat. But it had no difference between 15 and 17 mo in the same tissue. The expression of the PPARγ gene in tissues of Holstein bulls differed among sources of tissue. These results suggest that evaluation of gene expression of PPARγ gene should consider the sources of the tissue.

  Stereoscopic Planting Mode and Water Consumption of Grass Pattern in North Xinjiang 2014, 30 (23):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2798 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 586115KB )   ( 362 ) The stereoscopic planting is an important measures and effective way to use of land rational, make full use of solar energy, improve the yield and quality, prolong the using life of perennial forage grass. In order to analyze forage combinations, fertilization, irrigation quota, the influence on the yield of the significant degree, the optimal combination of different levels of multiple factors and law of water consumption and water consumption of mixed pasture in arid desert area, this paper made mixed sowing and seeding irrigation experiment under different water and fertilizer conditions of perennial grasses, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that, the optimal combination of mixed sowing and seeding was combination of Alfalfa and Elymus sibiricus, fertilization 18471 kg/hm2, irrigation quota was 3600 m3/hm2, the main factors affecting of yield was irrigation quota, the maximum water consumption intensity of mixed pasture was 86 m3/(hm2·d) during growth period, and irrigation quota was 3600 m3/hm2 of mixed pasture. Through comprehensive analysis, this paper evaluates the superiority of mixed pasture, and provided technical reference for the development of grassland irrigation in the arid desert region.

  Analysis of Growth Curve of Male and Female Minnan Turkey in Fujian Zhang li 2014, 30 (23):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0167 Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 521640KB )   ( 508 ) In order to research the growth and development of the law of Taiwanese turkey, we choose a more suitable fitting equation turkey growth curves for different genders, compare male and female turkeys differences in growth patterns. This study applies Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy these three kinds of nonlinear growth models to fit and analyze for growth data curve of different gender Minnan Turkey's 0-8 month-old weight. The results showed that all these three kinds of models can simulate Minnan Turkey's growth curve, the values of R2 were more than 0.992, Gompertz showed the best fitting efficiency, especially its cock and hen's fitness reach to 0.997; Cock's and hen's growth inflection point were 4.26、2.63 month-old, weight inflection point is 2799.40 Gram, 1266.67 Gram and its maximum month weight gain is 929.40 Gram, 587.73 Gram. Using Gompertz growth curve to fit all Minnan Turkey's index can reveal its growth rule and master its growth character of different gender in different growth periods, therefore it can offer reference information for determining best proper amount in different feeding periods and implement scientific feeding management.

  An Analysis of the Nutritive Compositions in the Muscle of Neosalanx taihuensis 2014, 30 (23):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0060 Abstract + ( 892 )   PDF ( 584092KB )   ( 470 ) Wild populations of Neosalanx taihuensis were sampled from nature waters of Luhun Reservoir in Henan Province. The capture was conducted in October 2009. The muscle nutritional composition of Neosalanx taihuensis from Luhun Reservoir was measured by conventional biochemistry. As a result, crude protein and crude fat of dry muscles were 84.73% and 3.23%.The composition of amino acids of muscle was 18 common amino acids and 8 essential amino acids for human needs. In dry sample the total content of amino acids was 71.65%; the content of essential amino acids was 30.62%. According to the amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first limiting amino acid of Neosalanx taihuensis was Trp, the second was Val. and the essential amino acid index(EAAI) was 47.79.In dry sample the content of four kinds delicious amino acids was 24.40%. The composition of fatty acids of muscle was 13 fatty acids, The contents of EPA and DHA in fatty acids were 10.21% and 2.68%, which were higher than some other economic fishes. It was indicated that Neosalanx taihuensis is one of freshwater fishes with better nutritive value and raising value, deserving exploitation and utilization.

  Evaluation System of Limnetic Products’ Supplier Selection Based on DAHP 2014, 30 (23):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3203 Abstract + ( 543 )   PDF ( 636105KB )   ( 524 ) In order to establish an objective and simple limnetic products’ supplier selection system, based on the domestic and foreign scholars’ research, combined with the situation of limnetic products’ supply in China, the article established an evaluation index system of limnetic products’ supplier selection, which is including quality, cost, distribution level, suppliers ability and image five criterias, a total of 16 indicators. Then used DAHP (Delphi - Analysis Hierarchy Process) method to evaluate various indexes, and calculated the weight. Finally, the article established an evaluation index function about limnetic products’ supplier selection, and evaluated three suppliers and sorted them according to the function. The results showed that the most important criteria is Quality, and food safety of limnetic products is the paramount of Quality. It can be see that use DAHP model to evaluate limnetic products’ suppliers has a strong practical significance.

  Study on the Determination of Nickel Content in Tanichthys Albonubes Feed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 2014, 30 (23):  41-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3332 Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 631914KB )   ( 747 ) The aim was to establish a method for determining nickel content in the tanichthys albonubes feed. By flame atomic absorption spectrometer establish a simple, rapid and accurate determination of nickel content in feed method, using microwave digestion, dry digestion and wet digestion three kinds of pretreatment method combine flame atomic absorption spectrometry to determine nickel content in feed. Comparative analysis to establish the optimum conditions for nickel, and various interference factors were integrated consideration. The results showed that, flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of nickel standard curve r=0.9999, and the detection limit was 0.012μg/mL; TritonX- 100- ethanol as a matrix modifier; using microwave digestion, dry and wet digestion digestion process albonubes feed samples, the measured average nickel content of 6.05, 5.76, 5.98 mg/kg, three kinds of pretreatment methods determination of nickel showed no significant difference; precision experiment relative standard deviations were 3.30% , 4.86% and 4.96%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 5%; three kinds of pretreatment average recoveries were 98.3%, 94.4% and 97.1% recovery relative standard deviation of 3.3% or less. Three method is simple, rapid, accurate measurement results are satisfactory, can be used for the determination of nickel content in feed.

  Development of Kiwifruit Industry in the World and Analysis of Trade and International Competitiveness in China Entering 21st Century 2014, 30 (23):  48-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2887 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 676270KB )   ( 1091 ) Kiwifruit production, trade and competitiveness in china and the world have taken a new look science entering the 21st century. In this paper, kiwifruit production and development of the world situation, and trade and competitiveness of kiwifruit in china were analyzed based on the data from the FAO and related documents. Area harvested and production of kiwifruit in the world were increasing continued entering 21st century. Kiwifruit industry has been rapid development in China, and cultivation area and production were rank first in the world. Kiwifruit yield of China has huge gap compared to that of New Zealand. Imports and exports of kiwifruit in the world and China steady growth entering 21st century, however, The amount and money of imports kiwifruit in China were much larger than those of exports. The level of Chinese kiwifruit export competitiveness is poor or even very poor. The kiwifruit quality of china export was medium to low. Aiming at the problems in kiwifruit production and trade, the countermeasures of improving kiwifruit production in China and strengthening its international competitiveness were discussed.

  Study on the Stability of Harbin Agricultural Industrial Technology Innovation Alliance 2014, 30 (23):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1226 Abstract + ( 843 )   PDF ( 506656KB )   ( 404 ) In order to promote the healthy development of Harbin agriculture industry technology innovation alliance (hereinafter referred to as the alliance), based on the existed literature research and expert advice, the author designed the questionnaire which included 23 indicators of the alliance stability influencing factors. Then, the author used the SPSS17.0 statistical software for factor analysis of the collected data, and extracted 4 public factors that influence the stability of the Harbin agriculture industry technology innovation alliance. The results showed that: the strength level, organizational culture, cooperation relations and alliance environmental factors affected the stability of Harbin agriculture industry technology innovation alliance. On this basis, the author put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the stability of the alliance, in order to promote the comprehensive development of the alliance cooperation and promote the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture in Harbin.

  The Performance Evaluation of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization in Hunan Province Based on Structural Equation 2014, 30 (23):  62-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1423 Abstract + ( 689 )   PDF ( 625572KB )   ( 324 ) The research used the method of unified structural equation of balance scorecard to establish the farmer cooperative economic organization performance evaluation index and evaluation model. The evaluation index and model were applied to the evaluation of 21 farmers' professional organization performance in X Hunan City, for analyzing the relationship between the index and the index of performance evaluation of each dimension. The author tried to find factors, obstacles and successful experience that influencing the formation and development of the farmer cooperative economy organization. Based on model analysis, the author put forward relevant suggestions to promote the farmer specialized cooperative economic organization in Hunan province and provide scientific basis for farmer cooperatives’system construction and mechanism innovation.

  Comprehensive Benefits Evaluation of Land Rearrangement Planning 2014, 30 (23):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2995 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 463506KB )   ( 535 ) In order to assess the scientificity of land rearrangement planning and guide the process as well, with land rearrangement planning to Yitong Manchu Autonomous County, according to the actual situation in Yitong Manchu Autonomous County, with analyzing from natural effects, economic effects and social effects, the author set up a scientific evaluation index system of comprehensive benefits impact assessment. In the meantime, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign every index, the author evaluated how much comprehensive benefits had changed after the land consolidation. The results showed that: (1) after the implementation planning, the score of nature affect was 0.2998, the economic impact score was 0.5400, and social impact score was 0.1565, and the score of comprehensive influence was 0.9663; (2) which was 0.1123 higher than the planning initial year. All proved that land consolidation had a certain improvement effect on environment. Hence people could gain scientific basis and the reality of security from implementing the comprehensive benefits of land rearrangement planning effectively.

  Practice and Recommendations on Urban Eco-Efficient Agriculture Development in China:Base on Restructuring and Development of Modern Agriculture of Bright Food Group 2014, 30 (23):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1606 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 631468KB )   ( 459 ) This paper analyzed and summarized the main approaches and achievements about transformation and upgrading of eco-efficient agriculture based on the Bright Food Group. The research progress and content of urban agriculture were overviewed. The bottlenecks in China's urban eco-efficient agriculture were analyzed scientifically. The author put forward some suggestions in favor of sustainable eco-efficient urban agricultural development in China, such as strengthening policy guidance, increasing investment, establishing industrial system, promoting scientific and technological innovation, building brand image, innovating "going out" mode, improving the environment, ensuring food safety, highlighting personnel training and reforming evaluation mechanism. The aim of this paper was to provide a reference for development of eco- efficient agriculture in Shanghai and other central cities.

  Study on Farmland Development Rights and Value-added Income Distribution——A Case Study of Industrial Park of Wuwei in Gansu 2014, 30 (23):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0123 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 500807KB )   ( 423 ) Taking the land development as the breakthrough point and the Industrial Park of Wuwei in Gansu as an example, the study conducted empirical research through the land development and value-added income definition, subdivision and quantification. The results showed that: (1) the nation enjoyed the main body status basic development, and accessed to the corresponding value and 50% of the entity value and its development appreciation income for 160 million Yuan. This part of the money was used for industrial park area by the state for the area of cultivated land reclamation and ecological compensation for land; (2) the rural collective and landless peasants had entity development and got 50% of the entity development value and appreciation income, and the corresponding land expropriation compensation was totally 379 million Yuan as well as obtained 146 thousand Yuan per person of the security gains for protecting the rights and interests of the landlosing farmers and guarantee their basic life; (3) agricultural population maintaining the green land would enjoy the virtual development and its compensation value of 96 million Yuan, and could obtain 74 thousand Yuan on average compensation benefits. Conclusion: land development and value- added income subdivision and quantitative distribution could protect the peasants' rights and interests and farmers' life, help the country effectively solve the existing problem in the externalities of non-agriculturalization of farmland compensation, protect arable land, ensure the national food security and coordinate the uneven development of the region.

  Integrated Correction and Evaluation of Rural Residential Consolidation Potential in Delingha City 2014, 30 (23):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2764 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 1264832KB )   ( 424 ) In order to carry out the well- organized program of rural residential consolidation potential, for integrated correction and evaluation of rural residential consolidation potential in Delingha City, according to the natural factors, the economic factors, social factors, ecological safety factors and land factors of these 5 factors, by combining qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, the author calculated rural residential consolidation potential, and according to the added cultivated land decide to potential classification of the city. The results showed that: (1) the consolidation potential of Delingha City was 391.77 hm2 and farmland increase rate was 1.85% between 2011-2020; (2) Rural residential consolidation potential was mainly distributed in the southwest and the southeast of Delingha City, and was divided into 4 levels.

  Research Graduate Campus Culture from the View of the Cultivation of Innovative Talents of Agricultural Science and Technology——Taking Huazhong Agricultural University as the Example 2014, 30 (23):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0074 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 521697KB )   ( 525 ) Described the construction of campus culture cultivation in the process of agricultural science and technology innovation talents, graduate students, the construction of campus culture of mature of Huazhong Agricultural University for example, concluded the school academic culture as the focus, advocating academic innovation; to mass culture as the foundation, the rich campus culture; the organization culture as the starting point, the delegation science education; to practice culture oriented, the pursuit of innovation, some experience and practice. Summarized and established strengthen the ideological construction, perfect management mechanism, strengthen the education and research, improve the benign interaction of talent cultivation conditions and other specific advice, in order to provide valuable experience and reference of technological innovation talent high levels of agricultural culture, campus culture construction of agricultural and forestry universities in China.

  Study on the Land Use Partition of Rural Residential Based on Landscape Pattern Index 2014, 30 (23):  98-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2905 Abstract + ( 891 )   PDF ( 552933KB )   ( 577 ) In order to research the current situation of rural residential land use, the author took Beiyuan Area of Linxia County as research area, adapted the land use statistic in 2010 of Linxia County, got 20 landscape pattern index that represented the characteristics of Beiyuan Area rural residential on the basic use of landscape pattern analysis software. Using principal components analysis to reduce these 20 landscape pattern index, getting 3 index that could represent this 20 landscape pattern index, namely Shannon diversity index, patch density and shape index. Finally, the author used clustering analysis method to partition rural residential areas in Beiyuan Area .The results showed that: rural residential in Beiyuan Area could be divided into 4 categories. The first category was the Beiyuan Town and Nanyuan Town. The second category was Tuqiao Town, Qiaoshi Town and Xianfeng Town, the third category was Potou Town, Anjiapo Town and Hexi Township, the fourth category was the Lianhua Town. The results might be of great significance to the future land use planning of Beiyuan Area, rural residential land consolidation and new rural construction.

  Study on the Relationship Between Rural Residential Land Arrangement and Landscape Features 2014, 30 (23):  104-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2855 Abstract + ( 601 )   PDF ( 810036KB )   ( 435 ) To study the relationship between the rural residential land consolidation potential and their landscape features, the paper took Linxia County land use data in 2012 as a foundation to estimate the realized potential of rural residential land consolidation of every administrative village in Nanyuan Town, and used the landscape ecology method to calculate the residential shape, scale and distribution of rural settlements in these directions separately. Then the study introduced comprehensive landscape characteristic index on the basic (base) of the contribution rate of each landscape index that used PCA(principal component analysis) and discussed the relationship between the potential of the rural residential areas and the comprehensive landscape characteristic index in rural residential type scale. The research showed that: (1) the potential of rural residential land consolidation affected by the factors such as nature, society and economy, the realized potential was only half of theoretical potential. (2) There was a big difference between the distribution of plaque in villages in Nanyuan Township because of being affected by topography, comprehensive landscape characteristic value fully reflect the impact on the overall pattern of landscape index. (3) There was a strong correlation between comprehensive landscape characteristic value and the realized potential, that is, the higher the comprehensive landscape characteristic value was, the more regular that rural plaques was, and the smaller potentiality was. Taking an example of Jiangjiazhai Village, the comprehensive landscape characteristic value was up to 1.409, but the realized potential was only 2.23 hm2.

  The Study of the Future Identification and Its Influence Factors of the New Generation of Migrant Workers——Based on Qingdao 2014, 30 (23):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2745 Abstract + ( 603 )   PDF ( 659533KB )   ( 421 ) Based on the questionnaire survey of a textile factory in Qingdao, the paper went on in-depth analysis for the status about the future identity of migrant workers. At present, the migrant workers have some expects to the identity of citizens, they aim to the future locations, but they are lack of enough senses of belonging. According to the present situation, this paper tries to make a brief analysis from three aspects: the influential factors in policy background, social environment and the migrant workers themselves. In term of these factors, the article offers some corresponding suggestions on how to promote the future identity of migrant workers, which includes: To reform the traditional urban-rural binary household registration system. To promote the relevant social security and service system. To improve the public opinion environment, enhance the care and communication, and go on adjustment of migrant workers’ attitudes for improving their quality.

  The Study Industrial Structure Adjustment of Farmer Economic Net Income Doubled in Mountain Area 2014, 30 (23):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2801 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 561732KB )   ( 403 ) The aim was to study the main industry effect the double of the per capita net income of farmers economic. The relation between six industry net income per capita income of farmers including grain, animal husbandry, flue-cured tobacco, walnut, long-term labor expot, seasonal labor export and the net income of farmers per capita in the Wazitian Village of Baoshan, Yunnan was studied by means of the effect main industry doubled net income of farmers per capita economic and the grey correlation analysis. The correlation degree of six industry and the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export＞seasonal labor export＞walnut＞grain＞animal husbandry＞flue- cured tobacco. The pillar industry affecting the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export, seasonal labor export and walnut. The study provided the scionce theoretical basis and method of support for net income per capita economic multiplier of farmers in baoshan yunnan province and even a similar low latitude mountain plateau.

  Characteristics of Farmer’s Pesticides Application Behavior and Standardization Recommendation——Based on the Investigation Data in Six Provinces of Eastern China 2014, 30 (23):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3334 Abstract + ( 563 )   PDF ( 554336KB )   ( 409 ) In order to guide farmers’reasonable application behavior, reduce pesticide safety risk, and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products, this paper analyzed the characteristics of households’pesticides application behavior and the existing problems by using 496 households’survey data from 21 villages in six provinces of eastern China. It was found out that highly toxic and even banned pesticides were still widely used in some areas of our country, and some of the pesticides application behavior was irrational. In the process of agricultural production, households paid more attention on application effect and pesticide costs than environment effect and safety of agricultural products. Therefore, put forward some measures, such as upgrading the varieties of pesticides, strengthening training and standardizing of pesticide production etc..

  Design of Light-Transmissive Gutter of Multi-span Greenhouse 2014, 30 (23):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3208 Abstract + ( 574 )   PDF ( 586235KB )   ( 444 ) A light-transmissive gutter was designed which aimed at solving multi-span greenhouse gutter with deformation, low light transmittance, poor thermal insulation and other defects. Its main structure used epoxy resin as basic material, supplemented by auxiliary and transparent fibers and other materials compound molded by multichannel composite process. Experiments were carried out to verify it’s properties, the test results showed that: the light-transmissive gutter could reduce the shade area which formed by gutter more than 60% and increase the light transmittance more than 70%, also improve the thermal insulation performance more than 40%. The light-transmissive could greatly increase the use of greenhouse light transmittance and heat insulation performance, reduce the visor area which by the gutter formed, and it could save greenhouse construction costs.

  Trend and Forecast of Ecological Risk in Northwest in China 2014, 30 (23):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2854 Abstract + ( 715 )   PDF ( 619045KB )   ( 389 ) In order to provide the basis for land and water use planning and environmental protection of government decision- making and management. Based on scenario analysis method, assuming different economic development policies, and AHP method, the ecological indicators and risk prediction models were established. The trends of ecological risk in the northwest region were analyzed for the government decisions. The results showed that: in the northwest, the potential ecological risks of the population economy, water resources, and land resources and natural disasters still existed. However, the environment and respond to ecological risks were decreasing. Therefore, a regional balanced development measures had been taken to curb the western trend of ecological deterioration. So that socio-economic development, resources, environment, and economy were expected to a virtuous cycle, and the ecological risks would be reduced.

  Comparison of Nutritional Component of Five Grass Species Used for Ecology in the Future in Zhaosu Prairie 2014, 30 (23):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2739 Abstract + ( 530 )   PDF ( 665523KB )   ( 336 ) The objective of the study was to assess the nutritional value of 5 introduced forages (thyme, sickle alfalfa, Stipa capillata Linn, sheep fescue, sedge) planted in the ZhaoSu prairie, Xinjiang for evaluation of their potential as forage crops and potential for control of desertification. The 360 forage samples were collected from May to October and analyzed for crude protein, crude fat, dry matter, calcium, and phosphorus. There was evidence of nutritional value differences among the 5 forages during the months from May to August (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). The nutritional value of sickle alfalfa was greater than the other forages (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). However, there was no evidence that the nutritional value of the 5 forages differed during the months from September to October (P＞0.05). Crude protein of all forages was greater in May than other months and the crude protein of sickle alfalfa was greater in both May and June (P＜0.01) compared to other months. The results suggested that sickle alfalfa was the best forage for controlling desertification, and had better feeding value than other forages evaluated in May and June. Further, sickle alfalfa can meet the forage needs of herders in Xinjiang for feeding livestock.

  Study on Cotton Nursery Substrate Using Cotton Seed Hulls Residue after Producing Edible Mushroom 2014, 30 (23):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1088 Abstract + ( 1149 )   PDF ( 499282KB )   ( 462 ) In order to discuss the localization application of cotton seedling using substrate, the author used cotton seed hulls residue after the production of edible fungi, river sand and peat in different proportion formula to conduct cotton seedling test in field and laboratory. The results showed that: dry mass per plant and leaf area per plant of formula 3 (bulk ratio of seed hulls residue, river sand and peat was 6:3:1) were higher than Jiangxi cotton seedling nursery substrate for 48.4% and 73.5%, respectively; the rate of forming plantlets, survival rate of transplant and the unginned cotton yield had no obvious difference with the other matrix seedling and transplanting; nursery substrate was returned to field as fertilizer to reduce environmental pollution and achieve comprehensive and cyclic utilization. Therefore, being a cotton seedling substrate material, cotton seed hulls residue after the production of edible fungi is easily-obtained, cost-effective and environment-friendly and has a good application prospect.

  Study on the Major and Trace Elements in Soil of Yunnan Farmland 2014, 30 (23):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2914 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 557687KB )   ( 459 ) In order to investigate the distribution of soil available micronutrients, and provide a theory basis for management of fertilizing reasonably on crops. The contents of major and trace elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn) in farmland soil collected from Yunnan Province were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the contents and distribution of major and trace elements were also studied. The results showed that: the contents of available P, K were balance, available Ca, Mg were deficient, available Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn were very plentiful. Major and trace elements distribution of different landform areas were obvious differences. The contents of trace elements (Fe、Zn、Mn) of central Yunnan Red Plateau were significantly higher than those of Hengduan Mountains in western Yunnan and those of karst plateau in eastern Yunnan. The contents of available P, K, Ca gradually declined from west to east, while the content of available Cu rose gradually from west to east. The results were beneficial to elements determination and agricultural production in farmland soils.

  Study on Marginalization of Arable Land of Macroscopic Diagnosis——A Case Study of Lanzhou 2014, 30 (23):  155-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2782 Abstract + ( 674 )   PDF ( 620095KB )   ( 358 ) Through studying marginalization of the arable land in Lanzhou City, integrate method of marginalization of the arable land, the author sought out new research ideas for interpretation of land use/land cover change of Lanzhou City. Based on the essence and the diagnosis standard definition of the marginalization of arable land, using the data of Lanzhou statistical yearbook and the costs and returns account of agricultural products in Lanzhou from 1990 to 2010, the author diagnosed the marginalization phenomena of cultivated land use in China. The results showed that: there were once obvious marginalization phenomenon and two times suspicious marginalization evidences of the cultivated land utilization in the last two decades in Lanzhou. The first suspicious marginalization evidence of the cultivated land utilization was from 1990 to 1992. The obvious marginalization phenomenon was between 1995 and 2002, but the one was the longest and more serious. The following suspicious marginalization evidence of the cultivated land utilization from 2004 to 2005 was détente and short time. In the marginalization of the arable land under the laws, the marked decline of the degree of intensity of the cultivated land use. Theory of the marginalization of arable land use was useful to explain the changes of arable land use in China.

  The New Arable Land’s Potential Analysis in the Land Consolidation Study on Xuhuang Gully Watershed of Yupan Village in Wushan County 2014, 30 (23):  161-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2863 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 527179KB )   ( 407 ) In order to reflect and measure the potential of the research area’s land utilization quantificationally via the consolidation, constructing the index system of potential evaluation, to use for reference and guidance in the cultivated land consolidation subsequently. The author selected the Delphi method to analyze the new arable land’s potential in the Xuhuang Gully Watershed of Yupan Village in Wushan County’s land consolidation, it’s based on the selected contestant factors to determine the weights, and then according to the appropriate degree of evaluation factors, to evaluate the quality of arable land. The results showed that: (1) by collating, areas of other grassland and ridge area reduced, proportion of arable land from 314.69 hm2, increased to 369.52 hm2, the new farmland was 54.83 hm2, and the rate was 13.02%; (2) the area rainfedsloping land via modified, it made the production conditions improved, and further improved the utilization rate of natural precipitation, the arable land raised a level, up to the 6.

  Degradation Performance and the Effects on Warming and Moisture ConservationOxo-biodegradable Mulching Film 2014, 30 (23):  166-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1021 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 656915KB )   ( 437 ) In order to reduce the damage of common plastic mulching film on soil and crop, field comparison tests were carried by covered with different oxo-biodegradable mulching films and their degradation effects, and the heat and moisture preservation were studied. The results showed that: the degradation rate and degree of the double degradable film were different and the order was A＞B1＞B2＞C＞CK. Degradation rate of A was the fastest and its degradation degree was the highest, up to 73.71% , the exposed part was completely degraded; degradable films could improve the same soil temperature as common plastic film before degradation and their effect of the heat preservation decreased even disappeared after disintegration period. Effect of moisture preservation of plastic film was not clear because of high temperature and rainy weather during the test. This experiment indicated the controllability and the thoroughness of the oxo- biodegradable mulching film which would make a good foundation for crop production in the future.

  The Improvement of the Na2SO4 Saline Soil fertility with Oat and Desulfurization Gypsum in Hetao Inner Mongolia 2014, 30 (23):  171-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2582 Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 503822KB )   ( 381 ) Soil salinization is very serious in Hetao Inner Mongolia. The improvement of the saline soil becomes thus one of the most important issues for agriculture and environment. The combination of biological and chemical techniques has become a trend in improving saline soil. This paper is concerned on the improvement of saline soil fertility with combining biological and chemical techniques. The aim was to investigate the impacts of both desulfurization gypsum and oat on soil properties. The field experiment was set up in the sulfate saline soil at Hetao Inner Mongolia. The soil was amended with desulfurization gypsum (30 t/ hm2) and then grown with oat. The soil samples were collected following irrigation for washing salts. Both plant and soil samples were collected after harvesting oat. The oat plant was measured for dry matter and NPK contents. The soil samples were determined for pH, EC, salt ions, organic matter, total N and available NPK. The results showed that the irrigation in spring largely reduced the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and salt ions in all the soil layers, more significant in surface. The values of pH and EC in surface soil had a reduction ranging from 14% to 17% and from 7% to 69% respectively. The main salt ions of Na+ and SO42- were decreased by 80% and 39%. The desulfurization gypsum had not significant impacts on the salt washing. However, it had a potential improvement in oat growth, but negative impacts on NPK concentration of oat plant. The oat cultivation reduced markedly salt content, but little improvement on soil nutrients. Surprisingly, oat cultivation together with desulfurization gypsum addition could significantly enhance soil organic matter, available NPK, but little impacts on the reduction of salt ions, which might indicate there was a synergistic effect in improving saline soil fertility.

  Effect of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Biofertilizer on the Carcinogenic Risk of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soil 2014, 30 (23):  177-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2563 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 607448KB )   ( 435 ) This study aimed to explore the influence of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides biofertilizer on degradation of PAHs in soil, accumulation of PAHs in the wheat, and human health-risks of exposing to PAHs. The field experiments were performed by spraying the biofertilizer on leaf surface and irrigating the biofertilizer in root of wheat, with the conventional field management. The results indicated that: the concentration of total PAHs (∑PAHs), compared with the initial soil, had decreased by 21.1% and 27.1%; the equivalent concentrations of benzene [a] pyrene (∑PAHsBaPeq) of∑PAHs had decreased by 69.5% and 66.2% in experiment fields with spraying and irrigating of the biofertilizer, respectively. Compared with the control sample, the concentration of∑PAHs decreased by 45.3% and 49.8%, and the∑PAHsBaPeq decreased by 61.1%, 62.1% in wheat grains. The total lifetime cancer risk, compared with the control, had decreased by 6.5%, 6.7%, and the total loss of life expectancy had decreased by 65.5% and 67.5% in treatment fields, respectively. Thus, the biofertilizer can improve to degradation of PAHs in soil and decrease accumulation of PAHs in wheat grains, consequently, reduce the risk of exposure of people to PAHs and increase the agricultural safety of the PAHs contaminated soil.

  Variation Characteristics of Main Anions in Water Bodies of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area 2014, 30 (23):  184-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3249 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 731064KB )   ( 351 ) In order to investigate the changing characteristics of concentrations for typical anions (Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- ) along with the variation of time and water level in water bodies of the Three Gorges Reservoir, Fuling, Shibaozhai in Zhongxian, which are located in the main stream of Yangtze River, and Hanfeng Lake, which is located in the Branch of Yangtze River, were selected as study sites. During the whole year, sections were set in investigate spots for stratified water sampling, and Cl-、NO3- and SO42- in water samples were continuously monitored by an Ion chromatography once every two months, with the causes of there change being preliminary analyzed. The results showed that the whole year in research area, ion concentration of SO42-, Cl- and NO3- were 14.67±1.71 mg/L, 10.66±4.88 mg/L and 1.89±0.15 mg/L respectively, and they all displayed significant variations along with seasonal change, with a coefficient variation larger than 43%. Meanwhile, the change of water levels at the dam’s reservoir had great influence on the content of anions in main stream. Variations of anion concentration in different sampling sites between Fuling, Zhongxian and Kaixian were quite different, with a coefficient variation larger than 40%. The total ionic concentration of reservoir area in spring, an average of 13.02 mg/L, was much higher than that in other seasons.

  Seasonal Change Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals of the Groundwater in the Dabaoshan Mine Land 2014, 30 (23):  190-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2941 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 886311KB )   ( 597 ) In order to study the environmental risks of mining groundwater characteristics and seasonal changes caused by mining. A systematic survey and determination of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations in the groundwater were studied in the Dabaoshan mine land. The possible environmental risk to local inhabitants via consumption and shower were assessed based on the USEPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that: the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations in the tailing area in the wet season higher than dry season. The non-carcinogen risk values of Cu, Pb and Zn via consumption were mainly in the range of 10-10-10-12, and the carcinogen risks were in the range of 10-11-10-17, which would not cause harm to the health of local inhabitants. The values (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd) of carcinogen risks in the dry season via shower were mostly higher than wet season. The health risks of Pb and Zn in the wet season were higher than the dry season, but the value of Cd risks had related with the distance to the tailing area. In the tailing area the levels of health risk were affected by the tailing discharge. Moreover, the carcinogenic risk values of Cd in the tailing area exceeded the maximum acceptable levels set by U S EPA. Therefore the pollution of Cd should be firstly taken into consideration of prevention in the groundwater of the Dabaoshan mine land.

  Study on the Control of TN and TP for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution by Ponds-Wetlands Combined System——An Example of Shenji River Watershed in Anji County 2014, 30 (23):  197-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2954 Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 858000KB )   ( 484 ) In order to understand the control effect of agricultural non-point source pollution by the artificial ponds- wetlands combined system at small watershed within specific natural conditions in north Zhejiang Province, the author studied the control effect of agricultural non-point source pollution of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and other pollutants by artificial ponds-wetlands coupled systems in Shenxi River watershed in Anji County through continuous sampling and monitoring. The results showed that: from May to October in 2012, the Zhongzhang River artificial pond water TN concentration was 3.7- 6.4 mg/L, the TN removal rate was 9.9%- 63.4% , and its removal efficiency of TN was strongly influenced by water TN concentration; the Zhongzhang River artificial channels water TN concentrations between 2.5-5.1 mg/L, the TN removal rate was 5.0%-48.1%; the TP removal rate were mainly over 30% in the artificial pond at Hong Village and Shenxi Village, and when the TP concentration of artificial pond water was higher, it also had a better removal effect; the purification effect of TN and TP was better at Hong Village, Shenxi River downstream wetlands, the TN removal rate was 25.0%-96.0%, and removal rate of TP was 21.8%-98.1%. The combined system of artificial ponds- wetlands annual average TN removal rate was 60.4% , the highest rate reached 86.8%, the average TP removal rate was 78.6%, the highest rate reached 94.9%, and Shenxi River watershed non-point source pollution management achieved good effect by the artificial wetlands combined system.

  Precipitation Trends of Different Years in Nong Bashi Reclamation Region in Xinjiang 2014, 30 (23):  205-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2735 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 635516KB )   ( 449 ) In order to grasp the meteoric water evolution in Nong Bashi Reclamation Region in Xinjiang, and provide a reference for efficient agricultural water use, the author used the annual precipitation data from 1960 to 2012, took diagnostic analysis means of climate to study the inter-annual changes in precipitation trends and characteristics. The results showed that: annual precipitation was trending to increase obviously in Nong Bashi Reclamation Region. In different years, the average annual variation of precipitation and tendency rates were not same. In recent 53 years, the precipitation increment from 1972 to 2007 was the most significant, the climate tendency rate was 19.285 mm/10 a, as of 1960- 2012, the annual climate tendency rate was 13.412 mm/10 a, the increased rainfall was about 71.1 mm. In 1987, annual precipitation mutation increased, during the mutations, the average precipitation increased by about 42.2 mm. A 5 years to 7 years period existed in precipitation change process. The research results provided theoretical support and reference for learning about characteristics of precipitation resource for local agricultural production and agricultural engineering construction.

  Coupling Effect of the Persistent Heavy Rainfrom the Upper-level and the Low-level Jet Streamin Eastern Inner Mongolia 2014, 30 (23):  211-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2694 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 830020KB )   ( 502 ) In order to study the characteristics of rainstorm in Inner Mongolia and to guard against the impact on agriculture from flood disasters caused by rainstorm, based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and the conventional observation data, the heavy rain had been analyzed in eastern Inner Mongolia during 24-28 July 2011. Results showed that: (1) north China trough was stopped by high pressure dam in the Okhotsk sea was the large scale circulation background of the heavy rain process. With the subtropical westerly frontal zone of the upper-level and the low-level jet stream coupling together. (2) Coupling effect that the upper-level jet stream of 200 hPa lever and the low- level south wind jet stream of 850 hPa lever continuing and stable coordinating provided dynamic condition and stratification conditions for the persistent heavy rain, the coupling effect was important for the heavy rain.

  Analysis of the Continuous Rainstorm in Gannan, Gansu Province, July 2-5, 2011 2014, 30 (23):  218-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3211 Abstract + ( 715 )   PDF ( 2490529KB )   ( 372 ) Diagnostic analysis was applied for a continuous rainstorm event in Gannan Gansu Province, July 2-5, 2011. The results demonstrated that: this rainfall event was related with the shear on 500 hPa and location of strong convergence zone on 700 hPa. Low-level strong convergence provided a favorable dynamic condition for the occurrence and evolvement of heavy rainstorm. Through the analysis of the physical field, it was found that during this continuous rainstorm, there existed an obvious moisture layer and convergence of water vapor in low-middle layer, thereby providing adequate moisture condition for precipitation. Rising in the southwest airflow movement around the periphery of subtropical high, the water vapor and energy were transported eastward to precipitation area, which was the main cause of the continuous rainstorm event.

  The Risk Investigation on Lightning Disaster of Modern Bridge 2014, 30 (23):  224-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1185 Abstract + ( 650 )   PDF ( 668775KB )   ( 439 ) Carrying out the risk assessment of lightning disaster and choosing the most suitable prevention program is an important means to prevent and reduce the casualty loss caused by lightning disaster, which is also a significant prerequisite for the scientific lightning protection. The author studied the lightning disaster risk of Yangtze River Bridge in Maanshan City Anhui Province, with the help of daily lightning data from 2006 to 2013 monitored by the ADTD type lightning location system of the weather bureau in Anhui Province, applying IEC 62305 specifications and GB/T 21714 national standards. The result showed that the risk of casualty loss mainly came from the contact caused by direct lightning stroke of the bridge, step voltage and physical hazard; the risk of financial loss mainly came from physical hazard and the equipment loss caused by built-in system malfunction of the bridge led by the direct lightning stroke and nearby lightning stroke. The author compared the bridge’s value-at-risk of lightning disaster at the three setting programs in the absence of LPS, LPSⅢand LPSⅡ, and made sure the most optimal program of lightning protection for Yangtze River Bridge in Maanshan so as to reduce casualty loss risk and financial risk value. Part result of the risk assessment had got practical application in the construction of Yangtze River Bridge in Maanshan, meanwhile, the project had achieved the requirement of lightning protection and no lightning disaster has happened till now.

  Variation Characteristics and Affecting Factors Analysis of Acid Rain in Taiyuan 2014, 30 (23):  230-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2408 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 853460KB )   ( 503 ) In order to grasp the occurrence law of acid rain in Taiyuan, and then provide a scientific basis for carrying out environmental weather forecasts and acid rain prevention, the observational datum from 2001 to 2012 were used to statistically analyze the variation characteristics and affecting factors of acid rain in Taiyuan. The results showed that: the annual average precipitation pH value of 12 years was above 4.5, which indicated that weak acid rain/non-acid rain occurred, and was likely to rise year by year. There were obvious seasonal variation patterns in both the frequency and acidity of acid rain, which revealed that the acid rain pollutions were more severe in summer and autumn, while lighter in spring and winter. In addition, the climatic conditions had main effect on the acidity of precipitation. For example, the acid rain frequency reached the peak when the daily precipitation accumulated to heavy rain level or the speed of ground wind was lower than 0.2 m/s; besides, the inverse temperature under low level facilitated the occurrence of acid rain.

  Analysis of Agricultrual Waterlogging Vulnerability in Jianghan Plain——A Case of Xiantao City 2014, 30 (23):  237-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2681 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 1288897KB )   ( 456 ) In order to assess the agricultural waterlogging vulnerability of Jianghan Plain, the research area, Xiantao City was selected. 5 factors, cultivated land rate, topography index, drainage capacity, soil seepage density and rescuing ability were presented to define waterlogging vulnerability. Based on these factors the framework for assessing agricultural waterlogging vulnerability was created and agricultural waterlogging vulnerability was evaluated in the 400 m×400 m grid of Xiantao City. The results showed: the crop in Xiantao City was affected seriously by waterlogging disaster. The four categories as light, moderate, high and extreme vulnerability region account 18.7%, 34.0%, 33.2%, 14.1% of the study areas respectively. The serious and extreme vulnerability regions mainly distributed in the southeast and southwest, and they were like ‘V’ shape, while most of the light and moderate vulnerability regions in the middle and north of study area.

  The Variation of CO2 Concentration in Greenhouse Alpine Cold Region 2014, 30 (23):  244-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2934 Abstract + ( 652 )   PDF ( 681601KB )   ( 546 ) In order to understand the changes in the concentration of CO2 greenhouse characteristic in alpine cold regions, forecast greenhouse CO2 concentration, CO2 concentration provide the basis for regulating greenhouse. According to April 2012 to March 2013 the state of modern agricultural demonstration park in Datong County of greenhouse gas concentrations of CO2, inside and outside the greenhouse meteorological observations, and Datong meteorological observation data, the author analyzed alpine cold regions under different weather types greenhouse CO2 concentration variation. The results showed that: the CO2 concentration in the range of 184-577 mg/kg during the test, daily average was 383 mg/kg, minimum and daily average showed a significant upward trend; regardless of the weather types, CO2 concentration diurnal variation showed ‘U’ shaped curve, strong growth of crops, natural ventilation could not be avoided CO2 deficit; CO2 concentration in the cloudy sky and the minimum surface temperature at the best correlation between the maximum, sunny and cloudy days with daily average temperature correlation between the best. In addition to March 2013, each month had shown a deficit phenomenon of CO2, CO2 deficit duration and daily had a relationship between the minimum CO2 concentrations, which was a quadratic curve.

  An Inquiry on Forecast Model of Maximum and Minimum Temperature in Large Sunlight Greenhouse in Northeast China 2014, 30 (23):  249-253.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3161 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 580590KB )   ( 470 ) In order to carry out the forecast of temperature inside large-scale solar greenhouse, defense cold and heat harm of greenhouse vegetable, a large-scale solar greenhouse and its automatic observation system of microclimate were developed in the central region of northeast China, and the relationship between the outside temperatures and inside temperatures of the greenhouse were analyzed by using the microclimate data. The models to forecast the maximum/minimum temperature inside the greenhouse according to the outside temperatures were developed. The results showed that the relation of inside and outside temperature (maximum and minimum temperature) of large sunlight greenhouse was close significantly. The relationship varied in different seasons and weather conditions. Its related patterns could be used to forecast of minimum/maximum temperature inside the greenhouse, so as to enhance the level of greenhouse meteorological prediction and the preventive facilities of facility agricultural meteorological disaster, improve the vegetable production efficiency.

  Effect of Climate Warming on Temperature During Agriculture Production Period and Frozen Soil 2014, 30 (23):  254-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3405 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 614819KB )   ( 469 ) In order to analyze change trend and abrupt change characteristics of growing season temperature, surface temperature and the maximum frozen soil depth of facility agriculture during frost season of this district based on the data of daily temperature, surface temperature and frozen soil depth from 1961 to 2012 of climate monitoring station of Jianchang County adopting modern climate statistical diagnosis technique. The results showed that: average temperature and average surface temperature of growing season of Jianchang County facility agriculture during frost season rose obviously. The inclination rate was 0.30℃/10 a, 0.29℃/10 a respectively. Air temperature rose with mutability in 1982, followed by average temperature rise of 1.2℃; surface temperature rose with mutability in 1989, followed by average temperature rise of 1.1℃; the maximum frozen soil depth became obvious shallow. The inclination rate was -4.63 cm/10 a. In 1985, it became abruptly shallow and then the maximum frozen soil depth became shallow for 18.3 cm meters on average. When the temperature increased by 1°C, the maximum depth of permafrost would decrease by 9.6 cm. Temperature rising in frost season meant increase of heat resources, which was beneficial for facility agriculture development. Frozen soil depth becoming shallow could reduce freeze injury of greenhouse plants. The study result could provide climate evidence for rapid development of solar greenhouse of facility agriculture.

  The Variation of Extreme Temperature and Extreme Weather Events from 1958 to 2012 in Zhengzhou 2014, 30 (23):  259-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2950 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 1265331KB )   ( 526 ) Based on the daily maximum and minimum temperature data of Zhengzhou from 1958 to 2012, the extreme temperature, the extreme e threshold (determined by means of percentiles threshold) and the days of extreme temperature events were analyzed by the linear trend, Mann-Kendall test and wavelet analysis methods. The results showed that: (1) the maximum temperature and the days of the extreme minimum temperature had a decreasing trend and the minimum temperature, the days of the extreme maximum temperature had a significant decreasing trend; (2) there were obvious mutation for the maximum temperature, the minimum temperature, and the days of extreme high temperature events, but no mutation for the days of extreme low temperature events; (3) 4 meteorological factors all had a significant periodicity; (4) as to the characteristics of mutation and periodicity, the days of extreme high temperature would be increase continuously and the days of extreme low temperature will be decreasing continuously in the coming years; (5) the maximum temperature will transform from decreasing trend to increasing trend. The minimum temperature and the days of maximum temperature would transform from increasing trend to decreasing trend. The days of maximum temperature would improve continuously.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Fog Days in Recent 30 Years in Linfen ZHANG YaPing 2014, 30 (23):  266-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3349 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 808528KB )   ( 474 ) The author described the distribute regulation of spatial-temporal variation of fog days by analyzing observational data including annual variation, seasonal variation, monthly variation and geographical distribution of 17 meteorological stations. This information could be basically used to forecast the occurrence of fog and provide scientific basis for preventing harm from fog and improving living environment. The results showed that: mean fog days of the 17 observation stations increased slowly during the 30 years, whereas the highest value appeared at 2006 which was 19.6 days; only 4.4 days was observed at 2010 which was the lowest value. These results indicated that: the annual variation was tremendous. The difference of regional distribution of fog days was apparent, and fog days of plain were far more than mountain area. Variation tendencies were not identical between each other of the 17 observation stations. During the 10 observation stations fluctuant increasing fog days were observed, Anze had the highest increment of climate tendency quotiety in 30 years. Contrarily, Linfen declined fastest during the remaining 7 observation stations that climate tendency quotiety decreased in 30 years. Fog mainly aroused in autumn, especially in October which account for 18.07% of the fog days all the year round. However, only a very small fraction of fog days appeared in spring, for instance only 3.20% of the fog days were in May. Seasonal variation was very evident of fog days in Linfen, and fog days took place more frequent in central region in spring, autumn, winter, but concentrated in central- northerly in summer.

  Analysis on the Impacts of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Anomalies on the Spring Gale in Shanxi Province 2014, 30 (23):  272-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2557 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 931356KB )   ( 433 ) In order to understand fully the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the spring gale anomalies in Shanxi Province and reveal its causes, to provide decision-making basis for agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation and improving the ecological environment, the daily wind observations of 65 meteorological stations, the air-sea-related informations in 1986-2009 and the methods, such as empirical orthogonal function decomposition, synthetic analysis, correlation analysis and singular value decomposition were used to analyze the anomalies of the spring gale days in Shanxi Province and the relationships between it and the atmospheric circulation, the Pacific SSTA anomalies. The results showed that: (1) the interannual anomalies of the spring gale days in Shanxi Province mainly existed 2 kinds of different spatial distribution characteristics, the same type was main, in addition, existed the distribution characteristics that too many and less coexist. (2) The interannual anomalies of the gale days in the spring in Shanxi Province and the circulation anomaly over the middle and high latitude existed significant relationship. The circulation anomaly in multi-gale years mainly showed that: through in the east Asian was deepened and the ridge over Ural was strengthened. The anomaly of 500 hPa height mainly effected the interannual anomalies of gale days. There were larger correlation between the gale days in spring and the westerly circulation index in Asian, the polar vortex intensity index in northern hemisphere and the winter monsoon index in east Asian. (3) There was a certain relationship between the gale days in the spring in Shanxi Province and the Pacific SST anomaly, the Pacific SSTA anomaly mainly affected the interdecadal anomaly of the gale days, and this effect was persistent, it could continue to affect from early summer to the spring over the same period.

  Analysis of Strong Winds Over Benxi and the Conceptual Mode 2014, 30 (23):  279-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3035 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 783851KB )   ( 473 ) Based on the statistics of daily wind records in 4 observational stations of Benxi City, Xiaoshi Town, Huanren Town and Caohekou during 1980-2010, the climatic characteristics of strong winds over Benxi were analyzed and a set of climatic realities and rules were concluded. The results showed that: the inter-annual variations of the strong wind days in Benxi could be divided into 3 periods. The strong wind days were excessive during 1980-1984 and normal in 1984-1998, but deficient after 1999. Strong winds mostly occurred in spring, especially in April and May, which was characterized by the wind direction of WNW. According to the features of atmospheric circulation, 3 circulation patterns were separated using synoptic methods, showing that strong winds may happen behind the cold front or the southern part of the high-pressure and in the developing low-pressure. Moreover, the key points of forecasting each conceptual mode were also presented in order to provide a reference.

  The Effects of Submergence and Waterlogging on Growth and Regrowth of Endangered Species Myricaria laxiflora 2014, 30 (23):  284-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3063 Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 741602KB )   ( 678 ) The study aims to explore the effects of short- term flooding (including submergence and waterlogging) on the growth and regrowth of Myricaria laxiflora. Under the simulated condition in laboratory, the cutting seedlings were submerged or waterlogged for 20 days, and then were emerged for 20 days’regrowth, to analyze the morphological and physiological characteristics. The results showed that: (1) After flooding 20 d, the increment of the primary branch length and secondary branch number of submergence plant were significantly lower than CK. There were no significant difference of the increment of the primary and secondary branch number between submergence plant and CK. However, the increment of the primary branch length of submergence plant was higher than CK after regrowth 20 d. At the end of flooding and regrowing, there was no significant difference of the increment of the primary branch length and number and secondary branch number between waterlogging plant and CK. (2) At the end of flooding, the contents of total chlorophyll, root soluble sugar and root starch of submergence plant were significantly lower than CK, but there was no significant difference of them after regrowth 20 d. At the end of flooding and regrowth, there was no significant difference of all morphyological and physiological indicators between waterlogging plant and CK, except for the fact that the root soluble sugar content was significant higher than CK at the end of flooding. The conclusions demonstrated that submergence inhibited the growth of aboveground and the accumulation of chlorophyll and root carbohydrate, and the quick regrowth and re-accumulation were appeared after plant’s being emerged, while waterlogging showed no significant effect on the growth and recovery of the plant.

  Evaluation on Ecological Security of Regional Land Based on BP Artificial Neural Network——A Case of Anhui Province 2014, 30 (23):  289-295.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2734 Abstract + ( 622 )   PDF ( 811854KB )   ( 476 ) In order to do the evaluation on ecological security of regional land and based on clarifying of land ecological security, the evaluation index system of regional land ecological security was established by 15 indexes. The author used BP artificial neural network to establish ecological security evaluation model of regional land, based on which to judge the ecological security degree of land of Anhui Province during 1998-2012. The results showed that: (1) the land ecological security level of Anhui Province was ‘very unsafe’ during 1998-2002, during 2002-2007 was ‘relatively safe’ and during 2008-2012 was ‘relatively unsafe’; (2) BP artificial neural network was based on studying historical data that achieved the purpose of evaluating the ecological security of regional land. And it played an important part in exploring a new way for security of regional land as well.

  Floods/Drought Monitoring Based on TRMM Precipitation Z-Index and Its Reliability Analysis 2014, 30 (23):  296-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3150 Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 1196954KB )   ( 464 ) In order to clarify the variation of floods/drought and provide references for floods/drought monitoring and agricultural production in Chongqing, the author regarded Chongqing which was in the upper of the Yangtze River as the research object. And through applying the monthly TRMM 3B43 precipitation data to the single site Z-index method, the author monitored Chongqing floods/drought on the scale of year and month from 2000 to 2011 by building TRMM-Z index based on remote sensing date. At the same time, the author analyzed the reliability of the TRMM-Z index by using the meteorological station Z Index. The results showed that: (1) TRMM-Z index monitoring method had good applicability and accuracy in the regional floods/drought monitoring. The correlation coefficient between TRMM-Z index and meteorological station Z index was 0.87 on year scale and monthly scale was 0.85. Both indicators are passed P＜0.01 significance test. (2) In floods/drought characteristics, 2 droughts (drought, extreme drought and 2 floods (large floods, extreme floods) in Chongqing have occurred in 2000 to 2011. (3) Month floods/drought characteristics, TRMM-Z monthly index fluctuated up and down around the value 0, alternating droughts and floods. During the time, the strongest degree of drought was in December 2003 and its value was -1.878. The strongest degree of flood was in August 2006 and its value was 1.930. And the floods/drought statistics showed that floods (2.6 months in an average of a year) happened more frequently than drought (2.5 months in an average of a year). From the trends of floods/ drought, January, September and October showed a downward trend and the largest declined in January. However, floods/drought showed an upward trend in the rest of the month. In 2000-2011, the driest happened in July and August in 2006.

  Comparative Study on the Methods of Estimating Soil Moisture by Remote Sensing Under Different Vegetation Cover 2014, 30 (23):  303-307.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3175 Abstract + ( 1345 )   PDF ( 577074KB )   ( 905 ) In order to research a variety of remote sensing monitoring of soil moisture model under different vegetation coverage, improve the feasibility and accuracy of large area soil moisture monitoring by remote sensing. The author used the 52 meteorological stations in Liaoning Province from 2008 to 2010, the soil relative humidity artificial observation data and the corresponding period of satellite remote sensing data, remote sensing monitoring soil moisture using the thermal inertia index, energy, water and vegetation index, remote sensing model at low, medium, high vegetation cover conditions in contrast to the three quantitative retrieval of soil moisture, and the establishment of linear, exponential, logarithmic and artificial observation data. The results showed that: in the low vegetation coverage period, thermal inertia method was most suitable for soil 0-20 cm, and the average relative humidity for the best; high vegetation coverage period, energy index method was slightly better than water vegetation index method, and the average soil moisture 0-10 cm logarithmic correlation best.

  Study on the Optimization of the Evaluation Index of Agricultural Information Website Service Quality 2014, 30 (23):  308-315.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2843 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 593097KB )   ( 452 ) To improve agricultural information website service quality is one of the effective methods to solve the bottleneck in the development of agricultural informatization. Objective and scientific evaluation of website can enhance efficiency for users to access information, at the same time it can help web designers to optimize the website resource allocation by understanding the influence factor of service quality. The author proposed an evaluation model of agriculture information website information service quality, with reference to the principle and index design method of service quality management, using R clustering method to explore the descriptive index selection and optimization problem, so as to avoid the related and repeated index. Finally, the author took 40 tea informations net as the experimental object for data collection and analysis, in order to establish the regression model of service quality evaluation of agricultural information websites, drew a conclusion that the important factors influencing the quality of information service in the process of constructing information service system.

  A Study on Tourism Host-Guest Conflict Perception from Tourists in Agricultural Heritage Areas 2014, 30 (23):  316-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0006 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 508973KB )   ( 438 ) In order to solve tourism host- guest conflict in agricultural heritage areas, the author took the tourists in agricultural heritage areas of Ziquejie Terrace as the investigation respondents and studied the hostguest conflict perception through questionnaire survey. According to the study, host-guest conflict could be classified into participatory behavior conflict factor, economic conflict factor, service conflict factor, environmental conflict factor, behavior conflict factors, social conflict factor and cultural conflict factor. The paper drew a conclusion that the tourism host- guest had a strong will to interact, the tourism host- guest conflict was universal and the management of tourism host-guest conflict was necessary.