Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of cultivated Salix psammophila germplasm resources, and provide useful information on effective utilization of resources, new genes mining and breeding. In this study, 330 Salix psammophila in 8 areas were adopted to conduct genetic analysis by using SSR markers. Among 45 pairs of SSR primers, 19 pairs of primers were polymorphic. A total of 74 bands were amplified, in which 63 were polymorphic. The number of the allelic loci for each pair of primers was ranged from 2 to 11, and was 3.89 on average. The average effective number of alleles (NE), expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), Shannon’s information index (I) were 1.8171, 0.4079, 0.3798, 0.6447 respectively. Based on the amplified SSR bands, genetic similarities among eight groups of Salix were varied from 0.9437 to 0.9908. Using POPGENE, cluster analysis showed that the 8 groups were divided into 3 classes. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the genetic diversity and geographical origin.