Abstract: The Anhui Province has a big size in the cotton producing and spinning .Since implementing the ninth five-year plan ,great progresses have been made in breeding new cotton varieties while over 10 new varieties of cotton were examined and approved by the Committee of Examining and Approving Cotton New Variety in Anhui .Wanmian 13 hao representing us own breeding varieties has become the main culture cotton variety in Anhui Province .Presently ,many own breeding cotton varieties of Anhui are applied in cotton production in Anhui province .The level of cotton breeding of Anhui is nearly on a par with that of the whole country ,but a great many works would be done in the technique of cotton breeding ,the varieties resource innovating ,the high researchers training and introducing ,fund investing and the mechanisms of cotton breeding etc.