Current issue

• 2005 Vol.21 No.10 Published:05 October 2005

  目次

  Influence Factors and Control Measures for the in vitro Production of Sexed Embryos of Dairy Cattle Liu Junping,, Zhang Zhiping, An Zhixing, Zhang Yong 2005, 21 (10):  1-1.  Abstract + ( 1448 )   The present study was undertaken to establish the in vitro production system of sexed embryos of dairy cattle by optimizing culture system of the bovine embryo production, such as fertilization and embryo culture in vitro. The results showed that oocytes maintained at least three layers of cumulus were suitable of the karyoplasms maturation in matured medium added 10 ng/ml EGF during the maturation in vitro; the survival time of the sperm was decreased by the addition of caffeine. Embryos cultured with CRlaa added of BSA, followed in SOFaa with 5%FBS could develop high rate of blastocyst, and the embryo developmental percentage could be improved by the addition of 50ng/ml IGF-I. There was no direct influence on the developmental quality of the embryos fertilized in vitro with sexed semen although the fertilization rate had a slight drop (P<0.05), and the pregnant rate was about 40% after the embryos transferred.

  Study on the Growth Development Law of Boer×Saanen×Anhui white Goats Shi Liulin, Jiang Xichuh, Zhu Dejian, Zhao Huiling,Cheng Guanglong, Chen Sheng, Xu Shanshan 2005, 21 (10):  5-5.  Abstract + ( 1589 )   Bertalanffy model, with the maximum R2(R2=0.99223)among three nonlinear model (Gompertz, Bertalanffy,Logistic) , was fitted with the growth of Boer×Saanen×Anhui white Goats. According to the model, we can describe the early growth line of Boer×Saanen×Anhui white Goats, and provide the theoretical reference base for further breeding.

  Comparison and Selection of High Yield and High Quality Crop Usen as Forage Grass in Different Soil in JI Northwest Dryland 2005, 21 (10):  8-8.  Abstract + ( 1594 )   Between 2002 and 2003, yield and digestible energy of 13 Maize varieties and 4 oat varieties used as Forage Grass were compared in Different Soil in JI Northwest Dryland. The result showed that Yield of FANGJIAOJIFENG58 was highest, the second was JIFENG503. their highest yield were 60000 kg/hm2 and 56000 kg/hm2. Dry yield were 10500 kg/hm2 and 9250 kg/hm2. Wet yield of oat 9244 and dry yield were 32852 kg/hm2and 8377 kg/hm2 in bottomland, that were highest among 4 varieties. Digestible energy of FANGJIAOJIFENG58 was highest among all those varieties. In a certain year, in the same planting condition, bottomland can save more water, and used up less, which is another reason for highest yield in bottomland.

  The Effect of Plastic-film Mulching on Forage Maize in the Plateau of Northern Hebei Province Du Xiong, Zhang Lifeng, Yang Fucun, Zuo QiHua, Yang Jianxiao, Bian Xiuju 2005, 21 (10):  12-12.  Abstract + ( 1538 )   The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of film mulching on the soil temperature , water storage and forage maize’s yield, the dynamics of biomass and N, P, K absorption by the forage maize. The result indicated that the soil temperature in cultivated layer of the field with film mulching is higher 1.85℃ than that without film before the last ten-day of July and prevented the evaporation of soil water effectively in the forage maize growth prophase. Under the treatment of film mulching the dry matter yield of forage maize and WUE (water use efficiency) were increased by 25.9% and 4.9% respectively. Forage maize with film mulching was an effective technique to use the rainfall and resolve the problem of forage shortage effectively.

  In Vitro Maturation Of Oocyte And Regulation Mechanism In Mammal Zhang Zhou, Zan Linsen, Tian Wanqiang 2005, 21 (10):  16-16.  Abstract + ( 1433 )   In Vitro Maturation (IVM) of oocyte of mammal is a intricate physiology and biochemistry course,and it includes nuclear and cytoplastmic maturation. IVM of oocyte was studied and indicated oocyte would put up some characteristic changes after oocyte maturation. Those changes are some symbols, which conclude oocyte maturation. It was founded further that oocyte maturation was regulated by many biochemistrical factors.

  Construction of Goat Genomic Library Tang Shuang, An Zhixing, Zhang Mingfeng, Song Hongwei, Zhang Yong 2005, 21 (10):  19-19.  Abstract + ( 1415 )   Goat genomic DNA library was constructed for screening milk-protein-encoding gene of goat and construction of knock-in vector. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood sample, partially digested with Sau3AΙ.15！23kb fragment was fractionated and ligated to Lambda BlueSTAR BamHΙ Arms. Titer of the library is 3.4×106; 1.7×106 clones were obtained with inserts size ranging from 15~23kb.

  Progress on Cryopreservation Damage of Porcine Oocytes Li Jian, Hu Jianhong, , Han Zengsheng, ,Yang Hai, , Li Qingwang, 2005, 21 (10):  21-21.  Abstract + ( 1465 )   The development of oocytes cryopreservation would generate a convenient and valued source of oocytes for such procedures as in vitro fertilization, cloning, transgenic and other releated embryo engineering technology. At the same time, it also provided a technique base for the conservation of super animal breed and endanged wildlife species. Cryopreservation of oocytes was not as effective as that of embryo. This review mainly deals with the principle of cryopreservation, effect of cryopreservation on the structure and developmental competence of porcine oocytes.This paper can also provide some advices for IVF and IVM on porcine.

  Preliminary Report of A Kind of PGPR Application on Rice Jiao Feng, Wu Jinhua, Dang Aihe, Yexiwen, Zheng Shusheng 2005, 21 (10):  22-22.  Abstract + ( 1379 )   Four fertilizer treatments were used to study the application effect of PGPR on rice. The results showed that the treatment of PGPR and chemical fertilizer had a remarkable impact on rice growth. The effect could not only improve rice economic properties, increase height of rice, panicles, and 1000-GW, but also improve yield 26.0% and 53.9% more than N、P、K chemical fertilizer only and contrast. At the same time, the treatment of PGPR and chemical fertilizer raised root activity of rice, and had a positive impact on filling rate.

  The Application of Gene Engineering on Creating Male Sterility in Plants Yang Zeliang, Dang XuanMin , Cao Zhenmu, Hu Kailin 2005, 21 (10):  25-25.  Abstract + ( 1503 )   Genetic engineering is a new way of creating male sterility in plants. Based on principle of pollen abortion, utilizing tapetum of anther cell, mitochondria of tapetum, callose well, process of cell meiosis during formation process of pollen, we adopt genetic transformation to create plant male sterility, such as, exogenous cytotoxin gene, chaperones, anti-sense RNA, degradation of callose ahead of time, disturbing information intercommunion between mitochondria and nucleolus and affected development of pollen sporule by bacteria. The paper also brought forward some potential disadvantages and application prospect on application of gene engineering on creating male sterility in plants.

  Advances in QTL of Soybean Mapping Zhou Rong, Wang Xianzhi, Sha Aihua, Zhang Xiaojuan, Zhou Xin’an 2005, 21 (10):  30-30.  Abstract + ( 1616 )   Most of the important agronomic characters of soybean are quantitative traits. In recent years, much research on quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of soybean, such as the traits related to yield, seed quality, disease resistance, had been reported. This review summarizes the recent progress and some examples of quantitative trait loci mapping in soybean. And the problems of QTL mapping for soybean were discussed.

  Progress of Genetic Research on Quantitative Traits and QTL Mapping for Cotton Tan Yong, Liang Zongsuo,, Wang Weiling 2005, 21 (10):  36-36.  Abstract + ( 1524 )   Most important traits of cotton are quantitative ones. Development of modern molecular biology and technology make it impossible to map and to separate genes of quantitative traits. This paper summarizes some fields of QTL research for cotton, such as types and characteristics of population for mapping, methods of mapping, accurate mapping, cloning and utilization. Finally, the author also gives an expectation on QTL research in future.

  Advance of Agrobacterium on Monocotyledons Plants Jiang Yubao, Yu Yuanjie 2005, 21 (10):  41-41.  Abstract + ( 1655 )   The gene transformation by agrobacterium’plasmid is a perfect and effective method of transferring gene in the gene engineering, however, there is a little apply on the monocotyledons plants. This article analyses comprehensively these problems: the mechanism and characteristics of agrobacterium transfer plants; the factor which influence agrobacterium transfer monocotyledons plants; the advance of agrobacterium transfer monocotyledons plants and the perspective of applying.

  Allelopathy Occurred in Tea Garden with Glycosidically Bound Form Volatiles as the Medium Zhang Zhengzhu, Wan Xiaochun 2005, 21 (10):  47-47.  Abstract + ( 1455 )   Significant amount of glycosidically bound form volatiles are accumulated in the leaves of Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze with monoterpene alcohols and aryl alcohols as the major aglycones. These aglycones will be released from their respective glycosides by endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis under the conditions of leaf plucking, tissue damage, pest damage or malady infection etc. The released volatiles play the roles of tea aroma, anti-herbivore or anti-microbial activities. The physical and chemical factors of surrounding stress will probably induce biosynthesis and accumulation of glycosidic aroma precursors.

  Studies on Medium and Hormone Formulation to Axillarybuds Propagation of Sugarcane Variety Qian Tang-4 Yi Daiyong, Liu Fanzhi, Zhou Zhengbang, Gong Deyong, Lei Chaoyun, Zhou Mingqiang 2005, 21 (10):  57-57.  Abstract + ( 1693 )   Different sugarcane varieties need differ-ence kinds medium and hormones in axillery buds reproduction techniques. the studies screen suitable medium to induction differentiation propagation and root induction of QianTang-4 is 1/2MS+0.25mg/L(6-BA).MS+2.5mg/L(6-BA)+0.2mg/L(KT)and1/2MS+3.0mg/L(NAA)+0.1mg/L(IBA).

  In Vitro Plant Regeneration of Leaf Culture of Pepper CMS Deng Minghua,, Wen Jinfen, Zou Xuexiao, Yang De, Zhu Haishan, Zhou Qunchu, Liu Zhimin 2005, 21 (10):  63-63.  Abstract + ( 1394 )   In this paper, using leaves from the seedling of pepper CMS 9704A and 8214A as experiment material ,effects of different content of IAA ,6-BA and GA3 on shoots regeneration and elongation were studied .Though selected : MS+6-BA5.0 mg/L +IAA1.0 mg/Lwas favoured for shoots regeneration. Shoots elongated well on MB+IAA1.0 mg/L+6-BA3.0 mg/L+GA32.0 mg/L +AgNO310.0 mg/L。1/2Ms+IAA0.3~0.5 mg/L were fit for root growth.

  Evaluation of Intraspecies Variation of Exserohilum rostratum by Brn1 Gene Sequences Zhang Yamei, Sun Guangyu 2005, 21 (10):  66-66.  Abstract + ( 1546 )   Phylogenetic analysis of the Brn1 gene sequence of Exserohilum rostratum with great morphological variations were conducted. In the phylogenetic tree of nucleotide sequences, E. rostratum forms a monophyletic group with other Exserohilum species, which could be separated with the genera Bipolaris and Curvularia. The distance matrix was calculated using DNADIST. The smallest genetic distance value between tested E. rostratum strains was 0.0078. And the largest genetic distance value was 0.0197, which was smaller than the largest intraspecific genetic distance value, 0.0242. The results indicated that the Brn1 gene sequences were suitable for Exserohilum rostratum species identification.

  Genetic Analysis of Two Wheat Differential Hosts for Resistance to Yellow Rust Yao Zhanjun,, Xu Shichang, Mu Guojun, Ma Zhiying 2005, 21 (10):  69-69.  Abstract + ( 1343 )   According to Puccinia striiformis west isolates virulence spectrum, race 2E16 is used for inoculation when the first leaf is well developed and about 7 cm. in length. The ‘sweep- dusting’ method of inoculation is adopted, giving a very uniform deposit of spores, after that left it in inoculation room act as humidity chambers at (9±2)℃ for 24h and then moved to low temperature greenhouse(day time for 15~19℃，night for 10~14℃) which contribute to the race infection. When the susceptible cultivar Mingxian169 are fully expressed, infection types are investigated and the resistance and susceptible phenotypes of seedlings are evaluated, Chi-square tests are employed to analyze the inheritance of differential host. The result shows that using an assessment of the wheat stripe rust reaction of seedling plants in the F1, F2 and BC1 population of a set of crosses by conventional method between wheat differential host Heines Kolben and winter wheat cultivar Mingxian169, it shows that the proportions of resistant plants obtained following inoculation of F2 populations with race 2E16 indicate that two recessive genes complementarily determine the reactions of Heines Kolben at normal temperature, but for the different crosses between wheat differential host Struba Dickkopf and winter wheat cultivar Mingxian169, it shows that the proportions of resistant plants obtained following inoculation of F2 populations with race 2E16 indicate that single dominant genes determine the reactions of Struba Dickkopf.

  The Integral Pest Control Technology and Its Effect of Tea without Pollution in Songxi Fan Chuanglin 2005, 21 (10):  77-77.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   The condition of integral pest control technology of tea without pollution in Songxi was discussed in this paper. The character of Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Gloesporium theae sinensis Miyake and so on 11 kinds of main pests and diseases was investigated. The supplemental technology of integral pest control technology of tea garden was optimized and packaged. This technology made the testing results of pesticide residue achieved the standard of tea without pollution. And the remarkable economic effect and social effect were achieved.

  Effects of preharvest sprays with chitosan and Gaoliangjiangon postharvest physiology of Longan He Yanwen, Liang He, Wei Jianfeng,Yin Xiu, Ou Jiawei, Wei Dongping 2005, 21 (10):  81-81.  Abstract + ( 1572 )   The experiment was conducted with different concentration of chitosan and Gaoliangjiang sprayed at one week and one day before harvest. The results showed that both of chitosan and Gaoliangjiang significantly decreased rate of weight lose and rate of rot, reduced the dropping speed of soluble solid and total sugar, promoted SOD activities, decreased MDA content of peel and flesh. The effect of Gaoliangjiang was better than chitosan and the higher concentration was better than lower concentration.

  The Effect of Temperature on the Growth of Jinfusan Ganoderma Wei Huiping, Liu Zhenyu, Tan Yangmei, Pu Shengcai, Li Xuegang, Li Zhubo, Ye Xiaoli 2005, 21 (10):  85-85.  Abstract + ( 1571 )   Objective:To study the effect of temperature on the growth of Jinfusan Ganoderma. Method:Through random groups experiment of two factors, the effect of height and day-night variation of temperature on the growth of mycelia and fruit body were studied . Result ; The height and day-night variation of temprature make differences to the growth of mycelia and fruit body. Conclusion:The temperature range in which Ganoderma mycelia can grow aptly is 23~29℃,but the optimum is 26℃. Under the temperature of 23~29℃ and day-night temperature variation of 0~4 ℃,the fruit body can growth normally.If temperature is 26~29℃ and the day-night temperature variation is 2℃,the biological efficiency is highest.

  Primary Report of Apple Pesticide Residues in China Nie Jiyun, Cong Peihua, Yang Zhenfeng, Li Jing, Zhang Hongjun 2005, 21 (10):  88-88.  Abstract + ( 1605 )   To estimate pesticide residues in fresh apples, from 2003 to 2004, 153 samples collected in Chinese main apple producing areas were tested for residues of 29 pesticides, among which 65 samples from Area around Bohai Sea, and 88 samples from Northwest Loess Plateau Area. Testing indicated 96.08% of samples had detectable residues, and 13.07% of samples had violation residues. Detectable residues of 14 pesticides were found, among which only carbendazim, dichlorvos, fenthion, and parathion had violation residues, with violation rates 6.54%, 4.58%, 2.61% and 0.65%, respectively. Causes of residue violation were also discussed, and the corresponding advice for reducing pesticide residue in apples was provided.

  Analysis of Nutrient Components in Cherry Tomato Fruit Huang Lihua, Li Yunying 2005, 21 (10):  91-91.  Abstract + ( 2400 )   The nutrients of 3 cherry tomato specties was determined and analyzed.and contents of cherry tomato and the masses tomato were compared.Results showed that the contents of these nutrients in cherry tomato fruit were high,and these nutrients were higher than the masses tomato(besides waters).It provided the scientific basis for a great cultution of cherry tomato.

  The Research on Organic Agriculture and Its Production Technology Zhang Jian, Wu kun, Li Mengqin 2005, 21 (10):  96-96.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   The concept and the production principles and the characters of the organic agriculture are introduced in the first part of this paper. In the second section, the production technology problems about organic agriculture are discussed from nine aspects, such as the selection of cultivating base and environmental controlling, convertion span, the ultilizing of genetic engineering products, the prevention of pests and diseases and so on.

  农产品；质量安全；体系建设；思考 Thinking of Food Safety System Construction of Agricultural Product of Our Country 2005, 21 (10):  100-100.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   (1Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100; 2Scientific and technological development centre of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100026; 3The people's government of Zhenba county, Shaanxi province, Zhenba Shaanxi 723600)

  Green-rice industries exploitation and countermeasure in south of zhejiang province Zhu jianjun, Zhao Wenfa, Liu Lihua 2005, 21 (10):  104-104.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   Mountain district in ZheJiang province is developing energetically green-rice production, it is established in the predominance of ecological resource. Eryuan green-rice base is the first base that procure the Green Food Certification in ZheJiang province, green-rice industry had became the new bright spot for farmer increasing earning and enhancing unified production ability. Nevertheless, at present time，production is faced with some difficulties，the main problem is the small scale, weak green consciousness and the quality detection system is not perfect, the advanced enterprises can not drive other enterprises .Therefore, the development of green-rice industry must be oriented with scientific aim, develop appropriate scale of operation, introduce new varieties. Put into practice with standardization production , enhance the technical service, strengthen quality monitoring control, found the green brand.

  Chinese hybrid sorghum idioplasm foundation and superiority use Pattern Gao Shijie, Liu Xiaohui , Guo Zhongxiao, Li Jihong 2005, 21 (10):  106-106.  Abstract + ( 1506 )   In the chinese sorghum production the application cytoplasm has A1 and the A2 two kind of types. The male-sterile line cell nucleus has the Kafir nuclear system, the kaoliang nuclear system, trend Kafir nuclear system and the Shallu nuclear system. The r-line idioplasm mainly is the kaoliang and trend kaoliang type.The heterosis use model mainly is the Kafir×kaoliang, the kaoliang×kaoliang, trend Kafir×trend kaoliang, the Shallu×trend kaoliang. The plant improves miadle highly by the high stalk, causes the output to raise large. The male-sterile line improve should by the Shallu and the Kafir or the Shallu hybrid primarily, the r-line improve should by the kaoliang and Hegari or the kaoliang hybrid primarily, may maintain two kisses the heredity difference, in order to compounds the high yield hybrid.

  Evaluation on comprehensive drought resistant index of crops Zheng Guiping，Li Jinfeng, Qian Yongde, Lv Yandong, Liu Lihua, Wang Bolun 2005, 21 (10):  109-109.  Abstract + ( 1721 )   The advancement of comprehensive drought resistant index of crops and its limitation on application were explicated .Surveying from the yield in index of evaluating the drought resistance of crops at present, Principle which we regard as equally important in line with the yield and quality of crops ,comprehensive drought resistant index of crops were put forward, the expression formula of mathematics is as follows: CDI =(DC or DI *100+I) /2. Controlling water treatments (CWT) for the two varieties, Shangyu 397 and Suijing 3 of different soil water potential were carried out during different periods, comprehensive drought resistant index of panicle formation stage was the smallest. Therefore , water sensitive stage of yield and quality was panicle formation stage.

  Study on Landscape Fragmentation of Qinling Huoditang Forest Region Wang Bin, Liu Hua, Zhang Shuoxin, Lei Ruide 2005, 21 (10):  111-111.  Abstract + ( 1324 )   The original forest landscape pattern of Huoditang forest region had been damaged because of cutting down. After 20 years this region had formed a landscape pattern made of natural secondary forests and plantations. Based on class Ⅱ investigation to forest resources of Huoditang forest region in 1988, the landscape fragmentation of this place was studied. The result shows that the fragmentation of natural secondary forests is lower than plantations and main forests is lower than other forests. The growth habit of trees decides the fragmentation under same outside disturb.

  Studies on the Breeding and Utilization of Javanica-indica Restorer Line Fuhui 964 in Rice Huang Lixing, You Nianshun, Lei Jiecheng, Zhang Yihua, Lei Shangping, Pan Yuqing 2005, 21 (10):  114-114.  Abstract + ( 1669 )   The breeding tactic and process of Fuhui 964 was expounded in this paper. Fuhui 964, derived from the cross of BJ22 Xuan /Minghui 63, BJ22 Xuan belonging to Javanica , Ming 63 to indica, is a new indica restorer line in rice with excellent agronomic traits , preferably wide compatibility, strong restoring ability , broad restoring spectrum , high combining ability . The performances of hybrids rice from Fuhui 964 were prominent . The hybrids Fuyou 964 (Fuyi A × Fuhui 964) , Changyou 964 (Changfeng A × Fuhui 2009) were examined and approved for release in Fujiang Province in 2000—2005. The results showed that , using the manner of Javanica crossed indica , had acquired remarkable effects , to breed restorer line , to extend the inheritance distance between sterile line and restorer line , to realize partly making use of subspecies heterosis , to increase spikelets per panicle , to boost new combinations yield , to improve grain quality , etc . The rice restorer lines Fuhui 964 and Minghui 63 (as the control) were splitly sown ten times from 03-15 to 07-21 in 1999 , with two of them (03-15 and 05-14) were treated by short day. The results showed that , the growth duration of Fuhui 964 was notably shorten by both short day and high temperature , and the effects of short day and high temperature on growth duration were bigger in Fuhui 964 than in Minghui 63. Fuhui 964 belongs to the type of rice with strong basic vegetative growth , weak photoperiod sensitivity , and strong temperature sensitivity . The high-yielding cultural techniques of the hybrids from Fuhui 964 were briefly introduced . The wide foreground was also revealed in the paper to further utilize Fuhui 964 containing Javanica resource to breed super strong restorer line , to make out super three-line hybrid rice combinations.

  The Status Quo and Measures of the Cotton Breeding in Anhui Province Guo Cuxiang, Xu Sehong, Wang Chuanan, LiShuying, Wu Dexiang 2005, 21 (10):  119-119.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   The Anhui Province has a big size in the cotton producing and spinning .Since implementing the ninth five-year plan ,great progresses have been made in breeding new cotton varieties while over 10 new varieties of cotton were examined and approved by the Committee of Examining and Approving Cotton New Variety in Anhui .Wanmian 13 hao representing us own breeding varieties has become the main culture cotton variety in Anhui Province .Presently ,many own breeding cotton varieties of Anhui are applied in cotton production in Anhui province .The level of cotton breeding of Anhui is nearly on a par with that of the whole country ,but a great many works would be done in the technique of cotton breeding ,the varieties resource innovating ,the high researchers training and introducing ,fund investing and the mechanisms of cotton breeding etc.

  Study on the Cause Mechanism of Cods without Peas in Soybean Zhang Shenju, Hou Lexin 2005, 21 (10):  123-123.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   In summer pods without peas in soybean block the development of soybeans production in ecotype region of Huang-Huai Plain. To solve the problem, we have made a series of research with great concentration for more than ten years. Finally we understood its mechanism basically and formed a set of Tried and true preventive measures. These measures are brought into application and dissemination. Now the result shows that: pods without peas in soybean are basically divided into three types: bushy stunt , excessive growth of branches and leaves , the upper midst. This is mainly because the lack of boron, resulting in physiological disease. According to the correlation analysis, there is an obvious inverse correlation between the effective boron content in soil and individual seedless pods(r=-0.4628*), while it is more obvious between the boron content in pods and individual seedless pods(r=-0.7597**). No matter what kind of soil, its effective boron content has notable positive correlation with that of seeds(r=0.8295**). Here are the environmental factors: lacking of boron, immediate planting after crops, unjustified fertilizers, climatic conditions ,causes of seeds ,etc. The main preventive measures are as follows: ①.Addition of boron fertilizers. ② .Reasonable irrigation and drainage. ③. Choices of good seeds for different kind of soil. ④. Proper rotatation after crops ⑤ Application of plant growth regulator. ⑥. Optimization of fertilizer means, and wholly integrated pest control etc.

  Study of the Tiller Characters of Wheat Variety of Miannong 6 Xiang Shouming 2005, 21 (10):  128-128.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   Based on two factors variety and density three levels field experiment, the tiller characters of three wheat variety are made a preliminary study. Results showed that Miannong 6 unit stem tiller number is 2.08~4.74,effective spike rate of tiller is 54.3%~59.3%,both are less than Mianyang 20(CK1).Compared with CK the productive tiller stage is the main difference of unit stem tiller capacity (before 20th,dec). About the difference of Miannong 6 is less between main stem and tiller, the CV(%) of stem tiller is 14.0%~15.7%, It is a grain number、1000 seeds weight and a spike weight are obviously higher. They are: 42.8~58.2、43.0g~50.3g and 1.84g~2.93g, all obviously character show out that are big spike, big grain and heavy spike. In order to achieve high yield, the cropping density should less than Mianyang 20 and so on.

  Study on the Relationship Between Rice Leaf In Heading Stage and Yield Component Sun Chengming, Fu Guangcheng, Dong Guichun, Yan Dehu, Wang Yulong 2005, 21 (10):  132-132.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   Using ten rice varieties, the characters of leaf type and yield component in heading stage were investigated , and the relationship between them were analyzed: (1)The leaf length and leaf width were different in ten rice varieties; (2)The leaf angle was discrepant in ten rice varieties; (3)With the N concentration supplied increasing, the leaf angle and leaf width increased, and leaf length increased first then decreased; (4)The relationship between seed setting rate and leaf angle was positive correlations, and the relationships between grain weight and leaf angle and grains per spike and leaf angle were negative correlations; (5)The relationship between grain weight and leaf length was positive correlations, and the relationships between seed setting rate and leaf length and grains per spike and leaf length were negative correlations.

  Effect of different mulching models on coin yield and ecological and economical efficiency in upland red soil Su Yanhong, Huang Guoqin, Liu Xiuying, Liu Longwang 2005, 21 (10):  136-136.  Abstract + ( 1499 )   the exploitation of upland of red soil has been restricted by drought. In order to decreasing it’s effect on agricultural production, and to achieve sustainable development of crop production in upland of red soil, the author did an experiment about efficiency of different mulching models on Maize in upland red soil. The result was，mulching could hold soil water, improve soil physics characters and fertility conditions，which is good for Maize to grow，and it increased the yield and revenue. Especially，stalk mulching could decrease soil temperature by 0.9 ℃ and increase soil water by 0.36 % to 1.96 %，it was a better measure。And film mulching increased soil water by 0.59 % to 2.94 %，but it also enhanced soil temperature in summer by 2.8℃, which is bad for crop’s growth，so it couldn’t increase the yield and revenue obviously，it is incompatible in high-temperature summer.

  Progress in Research on Utilization of Two-line Hybrid Rice Heterosis Wang Xiaoning,, Meng Weidong 2005, 21 (10):  140-140.  Abstract + ( 1379 )   The status and progress of theories and practices for Two-line hybrid rice breeding was discussed synthetically, the author holds that the most important work is to selected true PGMS or wide compatible PTGMS, combining the ideal plant which develop by biotechnology with the vigor is the key to super hybrid rice breeding, and the effective way is combining the marker assisted breeding with the conventional breeding.

  Research on Relation of Rape Seed Output and Angle Fruit Floor Space-time Structure Li qinsheng, Chen Qiangsheng, Wang Yulin, Zhu Chunmei 2005, 21 (10):  144-144.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   Through testing more than 20 pieces of rape in Jiangsu Province, demonstration pilot project, the analysis of more than 1100 sets of systematic materials accumulated in time is put in order in more than ten years, have studied the output and relation of structure between one layer of four-dimensional space-time of angle fruit under colony's state of the rape. Define horn fruit layers of thickness and horn fruit layers of density rape important colony quality index, it is the comprehensive economic indicator too. Horn fruit layers of thickness catch position, main shaft and one length two influence of factor of branch first effective branch mainly, horn fruit layers of density receive colony main shaft and one - two branch count, branch grow neat degree and branch upper horn fruit born density 3 pieces of influence mainly. Propose fertile colony corner fruit layers of thickness and horn fruit layers of quality index of density; Have proposed the basic principle of the optimization colony's quality of ultra fertile culture: The solar energy before fully utilizing winter, increase material input properly; Key measure: Right one sows imposing early, reduce the density properly, increase the fertilizer in right amount.

  Effects of Spacing Form and Density on Canopy of Population and Yield of Phaseolus vulgarisl Liu Jianguo, Li Junhua, Zhai Menru, Pa Niguli 2005, 21 (10):  147-147.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   Effects of different spacing form、density on structure of population、light distribution and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris were studied under the high yielding condition. The results indicated that there are beneficial to achieve appropriate population structure and thereby adjusting micro-climate by to enlarge space in row and reduce plant space in suitable planting density. Will improve the yield components，enhance the sand pace and land，and give high yield. in the experiment the most suitable density was 150000plants/ha，the best space in row was 60cm and 80+40cm，the best plant space was 10~15cm.

  The Biological Characteristics and the High Yield Culture Technology of Isatis indigtica Fort Ma Guangshu, Lian Hua 2005, 21 (10):  150-150.  Abstract + ( 1553 )   Isatis indigtica fort was taken for experimental material，and improved variety was chosen to carry out an investigation into the high yield culture technology of Isatis indigtica fort. The result indicated that the optical soil condition is light soil or sandy soil which is loosen,good in drainage and plentiful humus；the optical growth temperature is 18~23℃ on day，13~18℃ at night，soil temperature is 18℃；the optical soil water is better kept at 60%~80% and air humidity is 80%~90%；the optical proportion of fertilizer（N,P,K）is 2.5:1:4.

  Study and Application of the Rice Wheat “Two interplantion”Light-dutily Simplify Cultivate Technique ----The Growth Characteristics of Interplant Wheat in Paddy in Huaibei Area Zhou Zhongjun, Zhou Weimin, Yi Jiezhong, Feng Wenya 2005, 21 (10):  153-153.  Abstract + ( 1116 )   This article system elaborated growth characteristic that broadcasts the sowing time ahead of time of interplant wheat in paddy in Huaibei area, favors form the strong early sprout; The community is big, Peak seedling ahead of time, favors a foot ear of formation; The seedling growth advancement ahead of time, favors the big ear of formation, and the correlation mechanism of influence of ear, grain, the heavy three factors coordinated development, proposed selects the disease-resistant variety, suitable time right amount sowing seeds, “few food many meal ”balances applies fertilizer , maintains the surface soil good environment before the winter and so on the necessary light simplification cultivation technology, applied in the production practice, has obtained the good economic efficiency and the social efficiency.

  Popularization & Application and Selection & Breeding of Sweetpotato Variety longshu 1 with High Yield and Quality and Disease Resistance Yang Liming 2005, 21 (10):  157-157.  Abstract + ( 1219 )   Longshu1 (original No.C3-2)was selected and breeded with yanfen1(♀)×longyan7-3(♂)by agricultural sciences institute of longyan,fujian province , which is a high yield and quality , diseases resistance , wide adaptability sweet potato variety. It had been examined and approved by Fujian crop Variety Examination Committee in 2001 , and had passed the identification of National Crop Variety Examination Committee in 2004 , The breeding of longshu1 solves the conflict of “high quality without high yield , high yield without high quality “ betterly , which provides variety support for Strategical adjustment on sweet potato variety and quality’s structure in South China area.During the popularization of this variety , associate mode with breeding , planting , produce , processing , vendition to operate ,it has been popularized and planted 15.58 ten thousand hm2 from 2001 to the present , which have produced the enormous social economic benefits.

  The Study about the Breed of Maize Hybird BiDan-4 Yu Yongfen, Ruan Peijun, Liu Chaofeng, Wang Guoliang, Luo Shiwen, Ma Xiansen, Xian Xin 2005, 21 (10):  160-160.  Abstract + ( 1381 )   The maize hybird BiDan-4 was breeded by the institute agracutual on Bijie in 1982. It aimed at the natural character of ecology on the North-West Mountain area of GuiZhou and the maize productivity.This hybird used the self 405 as female,it was selected from Mexican White Maize resource; the self 411 as male, it was selected from a natural hybird of another self 330.BiDan-4 was high yield ;high quality; good resistance; high applicability.It was passed the examine and approve by the Crop Breed Censorship of GuiZhou on 1992. Now it was popularized and applied , great area planting the hybird.

  Study on Dynamic Change of Dry Matter and Yield Component Trait in Spring Wheat Variety with Super High Yielding Shao Li gang, Gao Feng mei, Wang yan, Ma Yong, Li Chang hui, Chi Yongqin, Che Jing yu, Sun Ji ying 2005, 21 (10):  163-163.  Abstract + ( 1238 )   The KefengNo.4 with super high yielding was used as experimental material and KehanNo.9, DongnongNo.7742, KelaoNo3 were as Check, the yield component and character of dry matter dynamic accumulation were viewed. The results showed that the KefengNo.4 yield was 16.7and 48.2 percent higher than that of other three varieties in yield, due to KefengNo.4 with resistance lodging and close planting., This study would be proof for super variety development, making crosses generation selection culture in the future.

  The Influence of Density on Yield of Zhengdan 22 Maize Zhang Mingyou, Zhangxin, Wang Zhanghua, Zhang Qianjin, Wang Jinzhao, Ma Qiaoyun 2005, 21 (10):  166-166.  Abstract + ( 2157 )   The influence of densisties on growth and yield of Zhengdan22 was studied. Leaf area per plant and dry matter accumulation per plant were dropped by densities increasing. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were increased by densities increasing and dropped by high densities. The yield was increased by densities increasing. The results showed that the suitable planting densisty of Zhengdan22 is 45000~52500 plants/hm2.

  Studies on Selection and Breeding of a New Little Peanut Variety Weihua 7 for bake purpose Jiang Yansheng, Wang Dehua, Zhang Liquan, Fu Chun, Zhang Dongqi 2005, 21 (10):  169-169.  Abstract + ( 1420 )   For the breeding objective of“Good quality and special use” a new peanut variety Weihua 7 was bred using“79266”as female parent and “Hua28” as male parent by Weifang Academy of Agricultural Science. The new variety performed good plant comprehensive characters, good resistance and good qualities both in exterior and interior appearance. The ratio O/L reached 1.92.Its yield outyielded Luhua 12 by 8% both in Shandong district experiments and production experiments. Its high yield in demonstration was 7200kg/hm2, It was approved and released by the crops Examination and Approval Committee of Shandong province in 2001.

  Discuss the Water-saving Variety Selection of the High—yield from the Morphological haracters of Changzhi5608 of the Winter Wheat Song XiuZhen, Chang Yunlong, Lian PeiHong, Wang Jinhua, Liu tong 2005, 21 (10):  172-172.  Abstract + ( 1555 )   Compared with control cultivars Jinmai-53 and Beijing-841, Changzhi-5608 features smaller leaf included angle, larger leaf areas, longer flag leaf function sustain period and quicker grouting speed, therefore its 1000-grain weight is high and the grains of a ear are more. This has not only laid a good morphological and physiological foundation for firm and high grain yield, but also provided theoretical reference for high-yield breeding and high-yield cultivation.

  Advances in the Research of N-glycosylation of Recombination Pharmaceutical Glycoprotein Expressed in Transgenic Plants Wang Yang, Cui Jizhe, Zhou Jing, Cui Caixia, Sun Yugang 2005, 21 (10):  174-174.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   The research for plants has been a hot spot for more than ten years long as the bioreactor to produce recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. The number of therapeutic proteins successfully produced in plants is steadily increasing and is expected to grow even more rapidly in the future. More than 100 recombinant proteins were expressed in transgenic plants. Some of them have been produced for the commercial purposes. It has been widely testified that recombination therapeutic proteins expressed in transgenic plants can be produced successfully and retain their biological activities largely. The protein synthesis and folding mechanism in plant and animal cells are conserved very much, however, differences observed in post-translational modification between the plants and mammals have been widely concerned. Because most pharmaceutical proteins expressed in transgenic plants are secretory proteins and many secretory proteins are glycoproteins. so N-glycosylation of recombination proteins in transgenic plants have been being closely concerned. As a result, to reduce the immunogenic possibility of recombination proteins many strategies have been tried to humanize the recombination proteins expressed in transgenic plants systems. Advances in these Researches are essential to explore the potential of plants and expand their utilization scales as the bioreactor. Advances on both the N-glycosylation of therapeutic glycoproteins produced in transgenic plants and current strategies to humanize their N-glycosylation are discussed in this review.

  Effects of Low Temperature and Poor Light on Membrane-Lipid Peroxidation and Cell Membrane Protective Enzyme System in Eggplant Seedlings Shu Yingjie, Zhou Yuli 2005, 21 (10):  180-180.  Abstract + ( 1599 )   Effects of low temperature and poor light (10℃/5℃, photo flux density were 60 and 120μmol/) on some physiological indexes in eggplant seedlings were studied. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Stomatal conductance（Gs）, chlorophyll concentration, light compensation point(LCP), light saturation point (LSP), CO2 saturation point (CSP), maximum assimilation rate with light(CO2)saturating, apparent quanyum yield of photosynthesis(AQY), carboxylation efficiency(CE), photosynthetic capacity that is the photosynthetic rate without stomatal limitation(A350), maximum and optimum assimilation temperature, maximum assimilation with optimum temperature, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased significantly. On the other hand, CO2 compensation point(CCP), the contents of proline(Pro.) and malondialdehyde (MDA)were increased significantly. Most indexes changed acutely when photosynthetic active radiation was 120μmol/(m2·s). After them were revived for seven days, most indexes except contents of MDA still lower than control’s. It was concluded that membrane-lipid peroxidation was happened and he photosynthetic mechanism and activity of eggplant seedlings were injured under this low temperature and poor light, moreover these injuries can not been recovered.

  Electrical Signals in Higher Plants Guo Jinyao, Yang Xiaoling 2005, 21 (10):  188-188.  Abstract + ( 1570 )   Plant arousing response on external stimulus in process, there are frequently various signals to function together. Engendering of electrical signal related to plant sensitivity, physiological state and stimulus’ factor. To discover electrical signals exist with action potential, variation potential, composite potential, oscillatory potential and electrical signals in variation potential etc. There exists to dispute in transport pathway and transport mechanism of electrical signals yet. Plant’s various physiological effects related to the engendering and transport of electrical signal.

  Effects of Applying Fertilizer of Potassium and Magnesium Sulfate on Tea Planted in Red-yellow Soil Huang Dongfeng, Hei Chunmei, Li Qinghua, Lin Xinjian 2005, 21 (10):  192-192.  Abstract + ( 1328 )   On the base of applying the same doses of nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer, effects of adding some different kinds of fertilizers containing potassium element on tea’s growth in red-yellow soil tea garden were studied in this paper. Results showed that: treatment of adding fertilizer of potassium and magnesium sulfate reached the best result to improve tea’s growth. Compared with the result of applying nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer singly, it could enhance spring branch’s length and leaf’s number by 6.23% and 11.1%, respectively; increase leaf’s area, bud’s density, weight per hundred buds and tea’s yield by 11.17%, 28.88%, 21.43% and 14.27%, respectively. Treatments of adding potassium sulfate or chlorinated potassium could improve tea’s growth obviously, too. The front treatment could enhance leaf’s number, leaf’s area, bud’s density and tea’s yield better. But, the latter treatment could increase the spring branch’s length and weight per hundred buds better. Effect of adding 45% composite fertilizer on tea’s growth was better slightly than that of applying nitrogen and phosphor fertilizer singly. Compared with the treatment of adding 45% composite fertilizer (it is farmer’s usual method of applying fertilizer), treatment of applying fertilizer of potassium and magnesium sulfate could gain more benefit by RMB 3226.5yuan / hm2, so it should be more popularly applied in red-yellow soil tea garden in future.

  Effect of Different Nitrogen Utilization on Sucrose Synthesizing in Spike Leaf of Different Spring Maize Zhao Hongwei, Zou Detang, Ma Fengming 2005, 21 (10):  196-196.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   High-starch content, wax and sweet maize were used to study the effect of nitrogen utilization on the sucrose synthesizing in spike leaf. The result indicated sucrose content and photosynthesis rate decreased gradually after 7 days behind tassel. The difference of nitrogen treatment was significance and the response of varieties to nitrogen was different. SPS activity changed as the same as photosynthesis rate. SS activity changed as single apex after tassel. The date of appearance of apex was 28 days after tassel and decreased rapidly after 35 day. SS activity was different among varieties.

  The comparison study of multi-functional high polymer plant growth regulator on maize growth and seed in arid district Zhang Songlin, , Zhao Shoucai, Dong Qingshi, Tian Xia, Fang Ni 2005, 21 (10):  200-200.  Abstract + ( 1302 )   The experiment studied the influences of the multi-functional high polymer plant growth regulator on maize grows and breeds in arid district, Minqin, Gansu province by observing and taking pictures, the results were shown as the growth, output, quality and economic indexes. The results indicated that the regulator accelerated the maize nutrition grow and increased the output and improved the quality and elevated the economic benefits to some extent.

  Development and Advance of Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Wang Yanjie ,, Zou Guoyuan, Fu Hua, Liu Hongbin 2005, 21 (10):  203-203.  Abstract + ( 1530 )   This paper summarizes the research result of soil organic nitrogen mineralization at present, particularly expounds those factors which influence soil organic nitrogen mineralization. These factors include temperature, moisture, cultivate system, fertilizer, soil management beforehand and so on. In these factors, both temperature and moisture affect the amount of nitrogen mineralization and the velocity of mineralization, moreover it is being apparent interaction between temperature and moisture. Cultivate system may change the property of soil, therefore it leads to the variety of soil nitrogen mineralization course. Different fertilizers mixed to use will exert different influence on nitrogen mineralization. Soil management beforehand will also have an effect on soil nitrogen mineralization. This paper also generalizes the main research methods in soil nitrogen minerlization and models which have been founded already up to now, and then the paper anatomies the apply condition of all kinds of research methods and apply range of all kinds of models.

  Comparative Study of N loss form by Runoff in Purple Soil Agro-watersheds Han Jiangang, Li Zhanbin, 2005, 21 (10):  209-209.  Abstract + ( 1364 )   The objective of this paper was to investigate and quantify the main form of N loss by runoff, and finally to serve for the N management and loss simulation. Three agro-watersheds with different land use type and terrain were taken examples to investigate the main form of N loss by runoff under erosion of natural rainfalls in purple soil region. Results showed that nitrate nitrogen was the main form of N loss by runoff. Generally, nitrate nitrogen concentration in runoff accounted for 80 percent of N loss, even above 90 percent in farmland-dominated watersheds. In addition, the average concentration of N loss was (5.36±2.13) mg/l in farmland-dominated watersheds, while behaving from 1.70 to 3.15 mg/l in woodland-dominated watersheds and watersheds with various landscape structures. This showed that precise management of nitrate nitrogen in farmland-dominated watersheds was a key practice for control and reduction of agricultural non-point source N loss.

  The Review of Potassium Nutrition in Tobacco in China Jie Xiaolei,, Hua Dangling, Tan Jinfang, Liu Shiliang 2005, 21 (10):  212-212.  Abstract + ( 1169 )   This article summarized the progress of study on pedology, fertilization technology, physiology, heredity, culture and ecology about potassium nutrition of tobacco in china. The potassium in leaf is affected not only by soil available potassium, but also by the capability of uptake, transport and accumulation of potassium in tobacco. Increasing rate of potassium application can rise the content of tobacco potassium at a certain extent. There are differences between different tobacco genotypes, but the gene are not the main cause resulting in lower content of potassium. Different model of cultivation also have effect on tobacco potassium. The mechanism of potassium uptake and redistribution, the interreaction of different chemical elements in soil and plant ,the interrelation of tobacco potassium and ecological cases are all needed to investigate.

  The Review of Potassium Nutrition in Tobacco in China Hua Dangling, Jie Xiaolei, Tan Jinfang, Yang Qiuyun 2005, 21 (10):  218-218.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   This article mainly summarized the regulation technology of potassium in tobacco plant and the characteristics of absorbtion, accumulation and distribution of potassium by tobacco plant.The cases of soil and climate all have effect on tobacco potassium.The uptake rate of potassium before mature is high and begin to lower after that. The accumulation of potassium in leaf is lower then other organ.It is necessary for taking measures to regulate the distribution among different organs to improve the potassium of leaf.But now all these regulative measures could not remarkably improve the content of potassium in leaf.It needs to study the intrinsic mechanism responsible for potassium accumulation of tobacco.

  Cumulate Characteristics of Soil Organic Matter in Greenhouse in North Area Wu Zhonghong, Zhang Naiming, Deng Yulong 2005, 21 (10):  226-226.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   By investigation and sample analysis for the using of the organic fertilizer in greenhouse in Shanxi province, the result shows that: the amount of application of organic fertilizer in the installation agriculture is relatively low; the content of organic matter in soil is lacking, and the range of organic matter is from 6.69 to 37.23 g/kg; the variation trend of organic matte in the soil of greenhouse is high in the south and low in the north; the " soil " in the installation has presented a changing trend that it is to lose the original function and turning into " carrier ".

  Effects of Several Exogenous Materials on the Yield Quality And Seedling Drought Resistance of Maodou Lu Xiaomin, Chen Qingyu 2005, 21 (10):  229-229.  Abstract + ( 1237 )   Effects of several kinds of exogenous materials on the yield and quality of Maodou and resistance under Water stress were studied in the experiment. The results showed: increasing the root activity, the chlorophyll content, the proline content，relative water content and protective enzyme activity, suppressed MDA content, reduced the cell permeability compared with control after treated with these exogenous materials, and thus effectively enhanced the resistance of the seedling to the abnormal environment. From the comparison five kinds of exogenous materials treatments, BR treatments worked best under Water stress.BR treatments worked best on the yield and quality of Maodou．

  The features of soil water-stable aggregate before and after vegetation destruction in karst mountains Li Yangbing,, Wei Chaofu, Xie Deti, Gao Ming 2005, 21 (10):  232-232.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   The distribution and formation of soil water-stable aggregates under different vegetation types in Karst Mountains has been studied after two treatments with C-D reagent, drenching and vibrating in water for 30 minutes. Vegetation types and land-use time durations have a great influence on the formation of soil aggregates, they could influence not only the quality and quantity of aggregate composition in surface-layer soil, but also the characteristics of soil aggregates under the surface layer. Free Fe and Al oxides have a obvious influence on the water stability of soil aggregates, but the decreases of water-stable aggregate contents treating with drenching and vibrating are bigger than that treating with C-D reagent.

  Breeding of a New F1 Hybrid of Bolting-resistance Spring Chinese Cabbage——“Guanchun” Zhang Lugang, Hui Maixia, Zhang Mingke 2005, 21 (10):  242-242.  Abstract + ( 1558 )   Guanchun is a new F1 hybrid of spring Chinese cabbage combined by crossing one self-incompatible line 01S315 and one self-compatible line 01S105. This variety is mid-maturity，resistances to multi-diseases such as tipburn, soft-rot, virus, downmidey, and strong bolting-resistance. The average weight per leafhead is about 2.0 kg. It can be harvested in 60~65d after transplanting. It can yielded net vegetable 89.2 t/hm2. This variety has been idenificated and registrated by Shaanxi Province agricultural seed administration station in 2004.

  Effects of Different Substrates and Fertilizer Type on Growth of Lettuce in Soilless Culture Tong Xiaogang, Jiang Weijie, Yin Mingan, Yu Hongjun 2005, 21 (10):  245-245.  Abstract + ( 1654 )   The pot experiment of lettuce was carried out with an application of two kinds of substrates and three types of fertilizer. The results indicated that a number of leaves、fresh weight of root root activity and leaf chlorophyll content of lettuce fertilized with complex of organic fertilizer plus inorganic fert, ilizer were best in the two substrates and it significantly increased fresh weight of leaf and diameter of shoot compared with only application of organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer. There were no significant differences on fresh weight of root 、number of leaves、fresh weight of leaf、leaf chlorophyll content between only organic fertilizer and only inorganic fertilizer in the two substrates. The root activity of lettuce fertilized with only inorganic fertilizer was significantly higher than the treatment of only organic fertilizer, but the diameter of shoot of lettuce fertilized with only inorganic fertilizer in mixed substrates was significantly lower than the treatment of only organic fertilizer. The root activity and leaf chlorophyll content of lettuce grown in mixed substrates were higher than those inorganic substrates, moreover, it significantly increased the fresh weight of leaf and a number of leaves. Therefore, lettuce was fertilized with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in mixed substrate is effective to improve yield.

  A Study on Chilling Requirement of Peach Varieties in South of Sichuan Basin Ma Rong, Li Daogao 2005, 21 (10):  248-248.  Abstract + ( 1264 )   In this experiment, chilling requirements of 92varieties of peach are studied and 0~7.2℃ teperature of different altitude in south of Sichuan Basin had been recorded. Results showed :(1)Chilling requirements of the 91varieties of peach are from 400 hours to 1300 hours. A majority of the varieties’ chilling requirements are from 650 hours to 950 hours. Flower buds’ chilling requirements are usually more than those of leaf buds’ in the same variety. Flower buds’ chilling requirements of the varieties change from 400 hours to 1300 hours, while the leaf buds’ are from 400 hours to 600 hours.(2)There are about 508 hours of 0~7.2℃ temperature in Lizhuang (300meters altitude), 748 hours in Nanguang(450 meters altitude), and 980 hours in Pingshanfurong(650m altitude) from Dec, 2003 to Feb, 2004.

  Depillation Technique of Flower Seeds with Villus and Repairing Function of PEG to Depilated Flower Seed’s Injury Jia Yonghua, Wang Fei, Sun Wei, Zhang wen’e 2005, 21 (10):  251-251.  Abstract + ( 1176 )   Taking Gomphrena alba and Gaillardia aristata as material, we studied the depilation technique of flower seeds with villus and the repair function of PEG-6000 to injury of depilation flower seeds. The result showed: Every flower variety had an optimum H2SO4 concentration. The best concentration to Gomprena alba and Gaillardia aristata is 70%、60% respectively. At the same time, 20% PEG-6000 had a best repairing effect. After soaked in 20% PEG-6000 for 8 hours, the germination percentage、germinating capacity and the activity of SOD and CAT of the depilation flower seeds in creased obviously, while the content of MDA and electric conductivity decreased apparently.

  Benefit Assessment of Artificial Planting Grass and Covering Grass in Short-stalk Close Planting Apple Orchard Cheng yaqiao, Wang hanmin, Sun yuanfeng, Xia li, Mao hongyan 2005, 21 (10):  255-255.  Abstract + ( 1574 )   Through the system research in the Kinds of natural enemy and quantities, ecological state of the Orchard, main disease insects, and soil quality in the short-stalk close planting apple orchard in the different management way between 2000—2004, the result of determination shows that three years’ lasting planting grass cover covering can make the number of main natural enemy of the orchard increase to 10.3 times, main natural enemy on the earth, 6.4times, the harmful boom of aphid will be put off 3 to7 days, the harmful boom of Ye Man, 10~15days, the rate of the beneficial insects and pests will rise to 17.6 times. The harm of the main disease, Wheel grain rotten fruit and spot fallen leaves will respectively recluse to 56.8% and 46.7%. The main pests, aphid and the number of Ye Man in 100 leaves reduce to 46.2% and 85.7%, respectively the usage of agricultural Chemical will be reduced 3 to 4 times, the quantity of N in the soil will increase to 43.4%~49.0%. The quantity of the organic substance in the soil will rise to 42.0 to 45.0%, quick results P will increase by 28.0 to 33.0%, quick results K will increase by 48.8 to 50.2%. The quality and quantity of fruits will greatly in crease, economy and ecological benefits art remarkable.

  Screening of Resistant Sources to More Diseases and Identification of Breeding Resistant Variety in the Cabbage Zhang Enhui, Xu Zhongmin, Cheng Yongan, Wang Yanni, Ma Qingsan 2005, 21 (10):  259-259.  Abstract + ( 1439 )   By identified main economy character and resistant to TuMV, Black rot and CMV of 815 self-bred lines of cabbage in field. the 612 self-bred lines were obtained. Breeding materials of cabbage were identified and screened for their resistance to the three pathogens by artificial inoculation at seedling and field natural occurrence. Four materials H8501, B8502, J8806, B9505 resistant to TuMV, Black rot and CMV were selected. Eighteen combinations of cabbage resistant to TuMV, Black rot and CMV were obtained and identified to resistance, quality and yield by crossing these four resistant sources with other five self-bred lines. The results showed that the eight combinations were selected, among them four combinations participate in variety area test and authorize through province and national variety.

  Studies on Chilling Requirement of Lily Bulbs ( Lilium Asiatic hybrids ) in Dormancy Yang Lin, Zhang Yanlong, Niu Lixin 2005, 21 (10):  262-262.  Abstract + ( 1622 )   In this experiment, lily bulbs of varieties Navona, Prato (Lilium spp.) were treated at different low temperature in different time to study the effects on the dormancy of the lily bulbs and the chilling requirement for breaking of the bulb dormancy. It found that 5℃ is the best effective temperature for dormancy broken. It’s no effect, if temperature is above15℃. There is only Navona lily bulb has the effect after -2℃ treatment. About 0℃ and 10℃, there are different results between the two lily cultivars. Navona ,the effect of dormancy broken at 0℃ is higher than it is at 10℃, Prato, the result is just opposite; The chilling requirement of the two lily bulbs are Navon,1200C.U; Prato, 840C.U.

  Study on the effect metabolism of HanFu apple quality under bagging condition Li Huifeng, Lu Deguo, Liu Guocheng 2005, 21 (10):  266-266.  Abstract + ( 1587 )   Different kinds of fruit bags were used for studying on the effect of fruit quality in HanFu apple under bagging condition. The appearance was improved under bagging condition. The appearance of fruit in reflect bag and double paper bag were better than that in plastic bag. But the bagging fruit have some negative impact on the inner quality. The effect is different in various bags. The reflect bag and the double paper bag fit to product green fruit. The reflect bag was a new type bag, so it need to be further studied on application.

  The Selecting Experiment of Different Soilless Culture Medium of Carpet Sod Wang Yunqi, Zhang Yan, Liu Jianning, Chi Huiwu 2005, 21 (10):  269-269.  Abstract + ( 1463 )   The trial used some innoxious remainder of production as non-soil base mediums which were compounded to six combined mediums to culture carpet sod. The result showed that the medium mixed with coal ash, vinegar-waste and straws had some characteristics of its own in culturing carpet sod, such as no weeds, fast grown, low-weight, easily-operated and so on. Using this kind of mixed medium, we not only lowed transportation expense but also had good carpet sod. The study provides a new technology for Lawn production.

  Variation and Correlation Research of Main Quantitative Characters of Wild Jujube Germplasm Resource Yang Lei,, Zhou Junyi, Liu Ping, Liu Mengjun, Zhao Zhihui, Yang Li, Li Li，Hao Baochun 2005, 21 (10):  271-271.  Abstract + ( 1404 )   The main quantitative characters of 149 wild jujube germplasm were studied, we draw variation condition and correlation of main quantitative characters of wild jujube. Variation and correlation of main quantitative characters of 149 wild jujube germplasm were studied and analyzed. The results showed that: the range of variation coefficient is from 6.94% to 56.18%. Correlation analysis showed there were definitely notable positive relationship between soluble sugar and average fruit weight, and notable positive relationship between soluble sugar and edible rate; definitely notable negative relationship between titratable acid and average fruit weight, definitely notable negative relationship between titratable acid and fruit pit index, notable negative relationship between titratable acid and edible rate, notable negative relationship between titratable acid and thousand kenel weight, definitely notable positive relationship between titratable acid and vitamine C; notable negative relationship between average fruit and vitamine C.

  Study on Cutting Propagation of Bud Scale of Oriental Hybrid Lily Huang Yuxiang, Chen Hua, Liu Jinyan,wang Zhaojian 2005, 21 (10):  273-273.  Abstract + ( 1371 )   The cutting propagation of bud scale of Siberia and Sorbonne, two varieties of oriental hybrid lily, was studied. The results showed that the treatment of 0.1% Hgcl could prevent bud scale from rotting; The treatment of cold storage had little impact on bulblet formation; The treatment of darkness enlarged the bulblets but decreased the propagation rate; Medium of sawdust/soil(3:1) was observed to dramatically reduce the cost; The treatment of 300mg/kg NAA significantly increased the number of bulblets.

  Studies on the Occurrence Situation of Tomicus piniperda L. and It's Preventive Measures in Liangshan Prefecture Wang Xiangdong, Zhao Qian 2005, 21 (10):  276-276.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   There are 186,000 hectares of plane broadcasting forest that are all pure Yunnan Pines in Liangshan. They are seriously harmed by Tomicus piniperda L. in recent years. This paper presented a systematic investigation into the occurrence and the harming effects of Tomicus piniperda L. We found that the occurring area of this insect in Liangshan reached 51,000 hectares, among which 5,100 hectares were heavily harmed, 18,800 hectares were harmed on a medium level and 27,100 hectares were slightly harmed. The infection of this insect can be found throughout the whole plane broadcasting area in Liangshan and is rapidly spreading. In light of this situation and the reality of Liangshan Prefecture, and based on the past experience in the prevention of this insect, we correspondingly offered some comprehensive preventive measures.

  Identification of wheat-rye Addition Lines Resistant to Powdery Mildew Wu Jinhua, Ji Wanquan, Wang Changyou, Li Fengzhen 2005, 21 (10):  279-279.  Abstract + ( 1237 )   With Secale cereale resistant to diseases as male, Shan 611 as female, two wheat-rye derivative lines resistant to powdery mildew were produced. They have been morphologically and cytologically stable with chromosome configuration of “2n=44=22II”. Simple sequence repeat(SSR) was applied to “1530W3 and 1493E3” and the results showed that genetic materials of S. cereale has been transferred to“1530W3 and 1493E3”.

  The Investigation and the Analysis on Diversity of the Arthropod Community in Rice Fields of Needy Wang Liyan, Xin Huipu, Zhong Xiangzhi, Jin Xuehui 2005, 21 (10):  282-282.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   The essay analyses the structure and diversity of the arthropod community in rice field, on the three organize administrative levels of the species, function group and nutrient class, according to systematic investigation and dividing the arthropod community in rice field into three nutrient classes(basal species, intermediate species, top species)and different guilds. Analysis result indicate: the ecological steady of biochemical rice field is the best, and the ecological steady of the natural rice field is better than the chemical rice field’s.

  Breeding of Double-zero NEA Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Restorers in Brassica napus L. Pu Xiaobin,, Zhang Jinfang, Li Haojie, Zhang Qixing, Jiang Liangcai 2005, 21 (10):  283-283.  Abstract + ( 1622 )   NEA is a new cytoplasmic male sterile material discovered by our research group in the radiated distant-crossing progenies, whose leaf colour is dark green, nutritive individual is vigorous, male sterility is stable and thorough, ratio of male sterile plants in colony and degree of single plant male sterility are all 100%. NEA is differed from genic male sterility, Polcms and Shan 2A completely. Discovery of restoring gene materials is the key to utilization of NEA in breeding. Utilizing plenty of local germplasm resources, created resources and introduced resources, the basic materials could restore NEA fertility were discovered, through radiat-inducing and test-crossing broadly. Further genetic research indicated that the NEA restoring genes were a pair of dominant genic genes. Utilizing the restoring gene materials, a number of NEA cytoplasmic double-zero stable and pure restorers were bred, through continuous back-crossing, compound-crossing, amass-crossing, test-crossing, continuous inbreeding, testing of compatibility, quality-testing of single plant, such as NR67, NR722, NR403, NR1917, NR9482.

  Biological Characters and Inheritance of the Causal Organism of Cotton Boll Blight Chen Fangxin, Qi Yongxia, Gao Zhimou, Wu Hongxing, Niu Qiong, Jiang Jing 2005, 21 (10):  287-287.  Abstract + ( 1408 )   Some biological characters and its inheritance of the causal organism of cotton boll blight in Anhui were studied in vitro. The results showed that the growth-rate and pathogenicity to cotton seedlings of all tested strains in different regions displayed obvious difference, and even in the same region. And it also showed that the inheritance of the growth-rate and pathogenicity to cotton seedlings of XC-6 could not be inherited steadily in zoospore progenies and oospore progeny, but the colony morphology and homothallic character of XC-6 could inherited steadily in both asexual and sexual progenies, which suggested that the inheritance and variation of the above characters might be related to long-selfing and hybridization in species.

  Analysis the Growth of Different Rice Blast Fungi Isolates on PDA Culture Medium Zhang Yaling, Jin Xuehui 2005, 21 (10):  295-295.  Abstract + ( 1493 )   Investigate growth-speed different of rice blast fungi in parts of Heilongjiang and Jilin province after 6 days on PDA culture medium. The reaserch show that the growth of 24 isolates have distinct difference on PDA culture medium,the growth speed of have discrepancy in different or the same area. the growth speed of have difference of different isolates in the same physiological race.The growth curve of different isolates can be divided to threetype: beeline growth-type、swiftness earlier then slow growth-type and slow growth-type.

  Biochemical reaction of corn resistance to stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Li Yaling, Long Shusheng, Zhang Yuhong, Li Qiang, Wang Wei 2005, 21 (10):  299-299.  Abstract + ( 1413 )   In order to understand the mechanism of corn to stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum, changes of PAL activity, POD activity and lignin in the pith tissue of corn stalk of resistant variety Shaandan 931 and susceptible variety Xinong 11 inoculated with Fusarium graminearum were mainly studied. After inoculation, PAL activity of Shaandan 931 was strong and increased rapidly and showed two peaks, while that of Xinong 11 was comparely weak and increased slowly and showed only one peak. Both Shaandan 931 and Xinong 11 showed one POD activity peak after inoculation. But the peak value of POD activity of Shaandan 931 was higher than that of Xinong 11 and the duration of high POD activity of Shaandan 931 lasted longer than that of Xinong 11. It was clarified that the lignin produced originally in corn plant had no relation to resistance of corn to stalk rot. It was the induced lignin produced by corn plant after inoculation of F. graminearum that showed contribution to the resistance only. Corn plant could produce some substances that could suppress the growth of F. graminearum when it was infected by F. graminearum.

  Effects on the Variation of Microorganism After Different Soil Treating In Greenhouse Strawberry Shi Baosheng, Du Hongyun, Yin Jiafeng, Guo Runfang, Li Baoguo, Zhang Zhijun 2005, 21 (10):  303-303.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   The variety of microorganism and nematode were studied in the rhizosphere soil of strawberry by three kinds of drugs at different growing stages and got a number of pure strains by separating at lab. Result showed that the numbers of fungi and actinomycetes in soil treating with drugs were less than that of no treating. The numbers of bacteria were more than that of no treating. The ratio of fungi to bacteria was lower than no treating significantly and this correlate with yields significantly. The numbers of nematode was the most in yeaning fruit stage and gradually decreased in prosperity fruit stage and the after of pi ing fruit stage.

  The Study on Isolating and Culturing Phytophthora infestans Bi Chaowei, Li Yanping, Luo Guoquan 2005, 21 (10):  306-306.  Abstract + ( 1960 )   Routine isolation way, dew chamber way, disease leaf claping with potato slices and induction with potato tuber were tested, besed on semi-composed medium of RSA plus several antibiotics. Total 186 isolates from representive areas of potato and tomato in Chongqing were obtained and purified through cutting the top of mycelium of pathogen. Bioassay of typical isolate was carried out to determine the growth and sporulation of Phytophthora infestans. The results showed that the growth rate of Phytophthora infestans on tested media is as following order: RSA>RA>RSB>SVA>RTA>LVA>VA>MA>PSA>PDA; RSB is best for sporulation, then RTA.

  A New Rot Disease of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata in Qinling Zhu Mingqi, Cao Zhimin, Li Zhenqi 2005, 21 (10):  309-309.  Abstract + ( 1083 )   A new rot disease of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata in Qinling is reported and the pathogen was identified as Inonotus hamusetulus. And the macrostructure，microstructure and symptoms of the disease are described indetails based on our specimen material.

  Primary Report of Study on Incidence of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) and its Management Yang Jianguo, Xie Aiting, Zhuang Shuli, Wang Lianchun, Zhao Zhenxia, Zhuang Yongan 2005, 21 (10):  311-311.  Abstract + ( 1400 )   The incidence of Sitodiplosis mosellana has following four factors, which are a new insect in Beijing area, concealable behavior, rapid growth of population and poor understanding of the insect. Besides the 4-years investigating the jeopardy, observing the life cycle, the trials of management were conducted. The combinations of pesticides and dosages are found out, which are Chlorpyrifos48EC and Phoxim40 EC mixed with soil as 3000 ml/hm2 and 5250 ml/hm2 respectively and scattered during the period of wheat elongation. The effects reached more than 77.1%. During the period of 70% wheat heading, 300g/hm2 of Imidacloprid10WP, 600 ml/hm2 of Beta-cypermethrin 4.5EC, 150g/hm2 of Imidacloprid10WP with 750 ml/hm2 of Dichlorvos80EC and 1500ml/hm2 of Omethoate40EC were sprayed respectively and achieved control effects range of 85%-94.3%. A set of pest management was worked out.

  Studies on Safety of Tribenuron-methyl and Bensulfuron-methyl and their Impact to the Content of Chlorophyll Lou Guoqiang, Lü Wenyan, Zhi Mingxing 2005, 21 (10):  317-317.  Abstract + ( 1517 )   Method of indoor soil dropping is used to study the safety of Tribenuron-methyl and Bensulfuron-methyl on different wheat strains and the change of the content of chlorophyll. It is showed that there exists big difference between the safeties of the two to different wheat strains and their inhibition to the length of root is greater than to the height of plant. Their impact to the content of chlorophyll is relative to their impact to the height of plant. Zhoumai 13 is sensitive to tribenuron-methyl and improper usage may cause damage. Yanshi 4110’s height of root is the safest to tribenuron-methyl and its height of plant is the most sensitive to it. Gaoyou 503’s length of root is the safest to bensulfuron-methyl and its height of plant is the most sensitive to it. Zhoumai 13’s height of plant is the safest to bensulfuron-methyl and its length of root is the most sensitive to it. Thus, proper herbicide, virtual dose and best method should be adopted according to the different wheat strain.

  China Herbicides Industry Present Situation, Question and Development Trend Liang Lina, Guo Pingyi, Li Qifeng 2005, 21 (10):  321-321.  Abstract + ( 1495 )   From present situation of herbicides of our country, analysis and forecast the herbicides market, synthesizes analyses the problem of herbicides industry existing, then studies the trend of herbicides and corresponding countermeasure. The development trend of china herbicides industry: the non- patent breed as leading, with " the natural disposition herbicides + resisted herbicides crop " as the major model, suitably recommending the advanced herbicides of abroad, exploitation of herbicides breeds with the cereal crops weeds first, with industrial crops second, gives consideration to development herbicides extender and additive, and direction of the weeds management is comprehensive prevention.

  Study of the Developing Law of Eco-economic System in Zhifanggou Valley —and Discussion of the Developing Law of Eco-economic System in Implementing the Project of Fading Cropland and Returning Forest (Grass Wang Jijun,, Guo Mancai, Wang Yunfeng, Quan Song’an, Li Guili 2005, 21 (10):  324-324.  Abstract + ( 1397 )   The developing course of eco-economic system is measured off 4 stages. Zhifanggou valley has been in third stage at present. In analyzing development driving force of a different of stages eco-economic system, the author discuss the developing laws of eco-economic system structure of ecological economy produce systematic function of ecological economy and human development which the aftereffect of ecological system act on economic system, systematic may adjust systemic structure of ecological economy according to human’s need,and the devotion main body of eco-economic system is different form in different developing stage. Finally the author discusses the incorporating form of eco-economic system development in the project of fading cropland and returning forest (grass). The actualizing area of the project of fading cropland and returning forest (grass) will be in the evening of second stage or the third stage.

  Review on Early-warning of Agroecosystem Security and Building of Early-warning System Chen Gaochao, Ma Youhua, Zhao Yanping, Hu Hongxiang, Wang Qiang, Liu Xiaoli 2005, 21 (10):  330-330.  Abstract + ( 1821 )   This paper analyzed the problems in agro-ecosystem and necessity for necessary on the early-warning of agro-ecosystem security. The choice of indices, models and kinds of early-warning and the building of agro-ecology system were reviewed. The indices of early-warning were selected from the factors that are sensitive to mankind influence directly or indirectly. The indices about soil fertility and soil environment are generally included. The models have the function of predication, interpretation and deduction on the research about early-warning of ecology security. Various models are applied in different indices. The kinds of early-warning vary from the degree , state, trend and velocity of deterioration in agro-ecology. The application of WebGIS supplies power technical support for various early-warning, such as early-warning about different scale and time, single item, sub-system and total system.

  progress in Prediction Model and Warning Technology of Grape Downy Mildew Li Hua, Guo Minghao 2005, 21 (10):  331-331.  Abstract + ( 1749 )   Downy mildew is one of the most serious grape diseases，the usual treatment method presently is the application of chemical fungicide，but excessive spray brings many severe problems. In order to solve the pollution of fungicide，accurate prediction and warning technology must be developed, accordingly the most appropriate occasion and amount of spray can be determined. In this paper, research progress, including epidemic system monitoring of disease, factor selection, structure and application of agrometeorological model in prediction of grape downy mildew is presented, and its problems and prospect were also discussed.

  On Construction of Ecological Agriculture in Chizhou Hu Wenhai 2005, 21 (10):  334-334.  Abstract + ( 1348 )   Chizhou is the first eco-economic model zone in China, it is also an experimental city in ecological Anhui, the construction of ecological agriculture plays a most important role in eco-economic building in chizhou. From the climate, land, natural disasters, rural economic structure and the base of ecological agriculture construction, this paper analyses the conditions for constructing ecological agriculture in Chizhou, and further explores five development modes of ecological agriculture : the solid modes of ecological agriculture, the mode of “pig-marsh gas-foodstuff (fishing, fruit, tea, vegetables, herb etc.)”integrated with the marsh gas, the mode of ecological restoring and reconstruction with emphasis put on comprehensive improvement of the small valleys, the mode of sightseeing agriculture, the mode of courtyard ecological agriculture, and concludes with put forward the development measures: (1)improve awareness and enhance leadership; (2)extend financial source and increase investment; (3)adjust measures to local conditions and scientific programming;(4)rely on science and technology and accelerate the development.

  Status quo of Eco- agriculture in Northwest of China and it’s building way Lan Weijuan, Xia Chaofeng, Wei Shijun, Zhang Bailiang 2005, 21 (10):  337-337.  Abstract + ( 1409 )   The essay analyses the eco-agricultural in Northwest China, brings forward that through resuming vegetation and returning farmland to forest, we can improve the agricultural environment.

  Study and progress on Exploitability and Application of Earthworm Resource in Soils Li Dianyou,, Pan Genxing, Xiang Changguo, Chu Qinghe, Ding Yuchuan 2005, 21 (10):  340-340.  Abstract + ( 1667 )   Based on the papers of researching in earthworm abroad and home, this paper summarized the states of exploiting and application of earthworm resource in soil ecosystem and expatiated 10 important fields on exploiting and application of earthworm resource. The response of earthworm versus global changes and other relative fields were put forward.

  Indroduction, Evaluation and Utilization of Potato Genetic Resources in Sichuan Liang Yuanfa 2005, 21 (10):  348-348.  Abstract + ( 1349 )   117 family hybrids seeds, tube plants, clones and varieties were introduced for cultivation, selected, evaluation and utilization. 3 varieties have been released and some main parents were screened. Of wich, 2 new varieties, some advanced clones have been bred. The selected genetic resources with characters of high yield and resistance to late blight, viruses, other diseases and nice tuber quality and stockpile have being utilized.

  The Distribution of the Major Wild Mushrooms in Qujing Yang Yongde, Han lihua, Guo Jing，You xinghua 2005, 21 (10):  353-353.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   After conducting an investigation on the distribution, output, value, environmental charateristic of growth and condition of ecomanagement in the place of origin of the major wild mushroom in Qujing according to the condition of enmanagement,the qualities and effect of the major wild mushroom in Qujing, the writers put forward a measure to protect the condition of ecomanagement and ecosystem for the growth of the major wild mushroom in Qujing.

  Environmental Effects of Interaction of Water and Soil of the Water-Level-Fluctuating Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Feng Xiaojie,, Wei Chaofu, Xie Deti, Yu Weimin, Fan Xiaohua 2005, 21 (10):  356-356.  Abstract + ( 1497 )   It is very weak of the eco-environment of the Water-Level-Fluctuating zone in the Three Gorges. By interacting of water and soil, weathering soil-forming of the mother rock will be accelerated, soil erosion will be aggravated, nutrient substance, such as N and P, and heavy metal will be released from soil to water greatly. In the preliminary stage of serving of the Three Gorges reservoir that make the eco-environment weaker, water and soil loss more serious, geological hazard increasing, and lead to water pollution occur, especially in the bay of reservoir where water flow slowly, the concentration of nutrient increasing, such as N and P, will stimulate alga growing rapidly, and that will give rise to the eutrophication of water. However, with healthy wet land ecosystem formed, the effect of coupling of water and soil is benefit for environment. So in order to prevent environment of Water-level-Fluctuating zone in the Three Gorges from degradation, The macro-control function of government should be reinforced, land protection zone should be established, ecological technology ,such as technology of constructed wetland, should be spreaded. At same time, pollution control and environment reconstruction should be done well.

  Reviews on researches of land and water resources reasonable utilization and management of headwaters Li Qizhen, He Junshi 2005, 21 (10):  360-360.  Abstract + ( 1113 )   At first, reviews the present studying situation about water pollution control, soil and water loss control, ecological compensation, land and water resources reasonable utilization and management model and land and water resources planning and management model of headwaters in home and abroad. Then summarizes and analyzes the related theory aspects, the practice aspects and the characteristics of researches, at the same time, points out the existing problems of recently research in home. Finally, forecasts the questions that need to be further researched.

  Nutritive Peculiarity of Bamboo Lin Dian, Huang Huide , Cheng Ningning, Feng Baolin 2005, 21 (10):  364-364.  Abstract + ( 1426 )   Nutritive characteristics of Bamboo was studied by way of investigation and analysis of bamboo leaves and bamboo shoot at different growth stages. The results showed(1)the nutrient contents of leaves varied with months; the nutrient contents of leaves were different in the bamboo shoots. (2)The size order of the nutrient contents in the leaves were N>K>Ca>S>P>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu, The size order of the nutrient contents in the shoots were K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>B. (3)The suitable sampling time was April

  Preliminary Report on Transfer the Character of Drought Tolerance from Wild Rice (Oryza meridionalis and Oryza australiensis) to Cultivated Rice (Oryza sativa) via Distant Hybridization and Embryo Rescue Chi Quanbo, Prapa Sripichitt, Xu Hongchun 2005, 21 (10):  368-368.  Abstract + ( 1299 )   It is well known that the lack of water in some areas of the world is threatening their agriculture, especially influences the growing and productivity of rice. So it is very important to breed new rice variety which has drought tolerance character or uses water economically. For example, in Beijing of China, rice harvesting area was very large in the past. Because of the lack of water, the available water is not enough for people to drink and not even more for rice planting. Consequently the area of rice planting in Beijing is decreasing every year. Up to now the area of rice planting is not over 1,000 hectares. There are diversified pattern of drought tolerance in Oryza spp.. If Oryza has drought tolerance trait, the cultivar would be environmental sound and economical viable. There would be great potential to increase the rice harvesting area and adaptability. The possible donors of character for drought tolerance are Oryza meridionalis and Oryza australiensis. In this experiment drought tolerance was transferred from wild rice species Oryza meridionalis and Oryza australiensis to cultivated rice Oryza Sativa through distant hybridization. The 2,419 florets of Oryza sativa were pollinated with Oryza meridionalis and 18 immature seeds of the F1 hybrid obtained were cultured for embryo rescue. Only one seed could germinate to be F1 hybrid plant. The plant set one F2 seed. The rate of crossability ranged from 0 to 0.46%, the rate of germination ranged from 0 to 50% and the rate of seed set of the F1 hybrid plant was 0.024%(1/4,211). The 1,848 florets of Oryza sativa were pollinated with Oryza australiensis and 48 immature seeds were obtained were cultured for embryo rescue. 11 of the 45 seeds could germinate to be F1 hybrid plants. They were all male sterile, the rate of crossability was 0.60% and the rate of germination was 31.1%. Morphological and Agronomic characters of the F1 hybrids of both crosses were observed. Finally advisable days after pollination for embryo rescue and “false” hybrid problem were discussed.

  The Forecast and Management System for Main Wheat Disease Qi Yongxia, Ding Kejian, Chen Fangxin, Zhang Changqin 2005, 21 (10):  373-373.  Abstract + ( 1479 )   The forecast and management system for main wheat disease was set up by means of Visual Basic 6.0 and multi-media technology. The system was made up of diagnosing module, forecast and control decision module, system explanation module. The system was driven with menu to select and person-computer interlocutory way. Running the system in properly condition, choosing the needed item or inputting necessary information, the users could achieve satisfactory running effect. The system of person-computer alternation interface was friendly, and all operation had screen Chinese characters hint. After being tested, the system achieved our designing aim, it can run exactly and unfailingly. It had evident superiority, contrasted with traditional management system.

  Using Constellation Picture Cluster Analytic Approach to Appraise Discussion to Take to Tea Tree Variety Ration that Area Test Lu Lizhe, Duan Renzhou, Fu Xiao, Dang Yongchao 2005, 21 (10):  378-378.  Abstract + ( 1437 )   This paper introduces constellation picture cluster analysis apply tea tree variety area test ration take method that appraise, and national tea tree variety area experimental Henan some test data carry on constellation picture cluster's analysis to one year, the result shows : Its analysis result and routine analytical method are unanimous basically, say star flat picture cluster analytic approach apply tea tree variety area is it it judges to be feasible synthetically to make to result of the test in testing, and can make quantitative appraisal and analyse on the comprehensive properties of the tea tree , have remedied the simplicity of the routine analytical method.

  The Research of Main Influence Factors of Grain Production in Liaoning Province Applying the Grey Related Theory and Its Sustainable Development Strategy Han Dapeng, Jiang Jing, Cao Minjian 2005, 21 (10):  381-381.  Abstract + ( 1339 )   The grey related theory was applied to the analysis and research of main influence factors of grain production in Liaoning province. The quantitative results objectively revealed the relations between the grain production and influence factors and showed that the degree of grey incidence of main influence factors in sequence was: grain unit production, seeding area, quantity of pure fertilizer, valid irrigated area, total power of agricultural machine, quantity of rural utilized electricity and disaster area. Based on the results, the sustainable development strategy and suggestions of improving grain production were illuminated.

  He Xianzhu (FuJian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuJian, Fu Zhou 000) 2005, 21 (10):  384-384.  Abstract + ( 1156 )   According to the present status of Agricultural Science-Technology Area, this article discussed about program , principles and methods to set up the evaluating criterion system, took Zhang Zhou National Agricultural Science-Technology Area for example. A suitable evaluating criterion system has been designed and applied to the Agricultural Science-Technology Area of China.

  The Technology Demonstration of Portable Forced-Air Pre-cooling Zheng Shufang, Gao Lipu, Li Wu 2005, 21 (10):  389-389.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   When the pressure difference was produced at the opposite sides of vegetable and fruit container in cold room by axial fan, the cold air should pass the produce in container at higher speed and took away the field heat from vegetables and fruits. The pre-cooling system consisted of a static pressure channel produced by two stacks of vegetable and fruit container, and portable pre-cooling machine with a 1.5~2KW axial fan (weight: 200kg; size: 2.4m×1.8m×0.5m). It took 4 hr to cool lettuce from 28℃to 2℃ while about 26~30 hr by cold room pre-cooling. The time efficiency upgraded by 6~7 times, but the extra cost was only 0.002 Yuan/kg vegetables and fruits. The price of machine was about 7500 Yuan.

  Measures Study And Benefit Analysis on Comprehensive Management in Small Watershed in Seriously-eroded Purple Sand-earth Rock Region ——Case study in tielugou watershed of Fengdu County of Chongqing Luo Lei, He Binghui, Wen Zhiyong, Wang Wei, Yin Shuqiang 2005, 21 (10):  393-393.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   Tielugou small watershed, which is the implementary small watershed of the “948” project of Ministry of Water Resources, gives prominence to the project of terracing on slope which places stress on basic farmland building and the developmental comprehensive control which is characteristic of ecological landscape of soil and water conservation in the comprehensive control of which. Through the comprehensive control, Tielugou small watershed has achieved the industrialization of measures of soil and water conservation and the obvious society benefits, meanwhile, the nicer ecological benefits. This paper researches the technology of the comprehensive control of soil erosion of Tielugou small watershed, and the ecology, economic and society benefits of which are analyzed. At the end, the paper summarizes the successful experience of the comprehensive control of Tielugou small watershed and the referenced significance to the small water control of sand-earth rock region.

  Summary of Studying Reform Technology to Polluted Farmland Xu Xiujuan, Zhao Zhiqiang, Liang Zonggui, Lv Zhining, Li Shangxia, Gong Qingxuan 2005, 21 (10):  398-398.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   This article summarized that the farmland are polluted by heavy metal, radioactive matter, nitrate and organic chlorines etc because of sewage irrigation, unreasonably using chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and diggings pollution. There are different approaches reforming polluted farmland, for example planting super accumulator (occluding some crop cultivars and wilding), using availability microbe to manage land and mix seed, using chemistry matter such as organic acid and lime, and using organic matter. These approaches have well effects to purify and improve the polluted farmland. At the same time author analyses the applying foreground of plant repairing and regulating principle of assuring effects, emphasizes the effect will even more good if synthesis technology was reasonably arranged in pairs.

  Effects of Water Retaining Agent on Water Retention Properties of Substrates and Growth of Flowering Chinese Cabbage Li Yongsheng, Du Jianjun,, Xie Yong, Wang Mingzu 2005, 21 (10):  402-402.  Abstract + ( 1517 )   Three substrates, sand, cinder and sawdust with different rates of water retaining agent(WRA) application, and flowering chinese cabbage as tested crop were used to study the effect of WRA on the water retention properties and bulk density of the substrates as well as the emergence and growth of the crop seedling. The results showed that the water holding capacity of the three substrates and the wet bulk density of sawdust were significantly increased along with the increase of WAR application rate, but the wet bulk density of sand and cinder were trended to decrease. WRA also could enhance the rate of emergence. As the increase of WAR application rate, the wilting time of the seedling was markedly prolonged and the plant height and biomass of the seedling were obviously increased. The water use efficiency of the crop increased only with the increase of WRA application rate under a certain level. However, when the rate overran the level the water use efficiency would decline.

  The Analysis of The cause of Emigration and Agriculture Developing in the South of Shannxi province during the period Ming and Qing Dynasty Wu Bin, Dang Xiaohong 2005, 21 (10):  405-405.  Abstract + ( 1111 )   During the period Ming and Qing Dynasty，the cultivating land for farming was principal saturation in the plain area. With expanding of the population the average field land of everyone was in creasing decreased, the austere survive crisis made a great deal of swarmed into the wealth resource but unexploited barred a mountainous area, sequentially people raised the wave of exploiting the mountainous areas. Economy of the mountainous areas become base of active element of society developing. This paper analyzes the population transfer and the cause of formation from the area in south of Shannxi province, during the period Ming and Qing Dynasty, and then probe into basis rule of the expanding of population and basis figure of the agriculture developing.

  The Research and Evolution Situation and Developmental Countermeasure of Adzuki Bean in Hebei Province Deng Xiaopeng, Zhang Yuechen 2005, 21 (10):  413-413.  Abstract + ( 1044 )   As a valuable crop in northern China, adzuki bean has an important status among export agricultural products at all times. But now, adzuki bean’s situation is faced with severe challenge due to the international market change. This article analyseed adzuki bean’s situation production , research and market in Hebei province, in order to seek the industrialization way through how to improve adzuki bean’s international market competition ability and develop our agriculture exquisite article strategy.

  The Construction of countryside -oriented service network system on Higher Education of Self-taught Examination Du Shiping, Fu Zengguang, Liao Yuncheng 2005, 21 (10):  416-416.  Abstract + ( 1349 )   It is an urgent demand for rural society economic development that the higher education of self-taught examination extends to the countryside, and the network system construction is the effective way to realize the above extending. The operation means and effective extending way to the countryside have been probed, that is to say , a countryside -oriented service network system of higher education examination for self-taught people that is supported by the hardware of websites of city, county, and township should be built. Also, the propaganda, management and service function should be full played, the teaching material materials (including the television teaching slice ) should coach with the teaching-aid system to students, and the teaching of practice and skill to train should be strengthened as the main content in this network system.

  The Studies on the Operational Mechanism and Management Pattern of the High and New-technology Demonstration Plot of Agriculture University of He Bei Ren Shifu, Chen Huanying, Li Baohui 2005, 21 (10):  419-419.  Abstract + ( 1747 )   The Agriculture high and new-technology demonstration plot of Agriculture University of He Bei was key items of agricultural comprehensive development at provincial level. Agriculture University of Hebei is the technology mainbody of the base .Desheng farming and forestry limited company of Dingzhou ofered basic condition for the demonstration base .The demonstration base adopted market oridnted,science and technology leading,enterprise operated,industries managed development pattern.The enthusiasm in all respects were raised by effectively benefit distribution and operational mechanism.It has gone well and take the lead by its example since it was builded three yeas ago.

  The Developing Policy of Ranks of Agricultural Spread Qualified Scientists and Tenchnicians be Geared to the Needs of the Morden Agricultural Revolution Ai Yingwei, Fan Zhijing 2005, 21 (10):  422-422.  Abstract + ( 1266 )   The marks of morden??agricultural revolution of scientific and technology was the apply of the morden bio-teachnology and information teachnology in the agriculture sphere. It should be follows that developing policy of ranks of agricultural spread qualified scientists and tenchnicians be geared to the needs of the morden agricultural revolution. First, with strong nations policy's support, highten the social status for the ranks of agricultural spread qualified scientists and tenchnicians ; Second, inhence the training , improve all quality of the agricultural spread qualified scientists and tenchnicians; Third should be enhence awareness of blaze new trails, raise the ability to solve realistic problems of agricultural spread qualified scientists and tenchnicians .

  Sustainable Development in Crop Breeding Luo Hongfa ,, Fu Yechun, Luo Guocai , Luo Shiwen , Ye Yongying. 2005, 21 (10):  425-425.  Abstract + ( 1572 )   Sustainable development has been used for studies and applications on society, economy, science and education, et al. With the decreasing of soil and the increasing of population, it is the best way to solve foodstuff problem depending on breeding to develop crops yield and quality. In this paper, we gave a brief statement about the urgency of developing yield, the status of breeding in agriculture, and the methods for sustainable breeding.

  Survey on the training need of migrant workers Liu E, Jiang Aiqun, Li Jing 2005, 21 (10):  428-428.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   During the process of China's urbanization, millions of rural residents have moved to urban areas and gradually have become a major work force in shaping our modern cities. More and more rural laborers and their families will settle down in urban areas and become an inseparable part of the urban scene. Migrant workers should be trained in order to find a good job. Providing education to migrants will help them improve their knowledge and ability to protect their rights on their own. Immediate efforts should be taken to reverse the unfair urban-rural system of separation and to protect migrant workers' rights and interests.

  Rural Human Resources Development in Western China Zhang Xiaoni 2005, 21 (10):  432-432.  Abstract + ( 1032 )   There is a large population of 800 million in rural areas, which is near 30% in western China. The status quo of large quantity and low quality of rural manpower has been the big barrier of the development of rural economy. Human resources of the western countryside should be developed by means of putting emphasis on vocational education; boosting the combination of agriculture, technology and education; establishing social security system and taking effective motivational measures. Government should play key role in rural human resources development. Therefore, rural human resources development is of practical and long-term importance to realize the sustainable development in western China.

  Humble Opinion of the Thinking of Development Of Agricultural Science and Technology Garden Han Yong, Duan Junhao 2005, 21 (10):  435-435.  Abstract + ( 1522 )   In the 1990s, after having issued" agricultural law "in China, agricultural science and technology garden developed rapidly from little to old, from few to more, which have already developed into more than 4,000 now, become a file leader of agricultural modernization soldier. Agricultural science and technology garden have adjusted the agricultural structure, driven the transform of agricultural achievement and brought about an advance in regional economy. But it is becoming the important problem probed that how to make these scientific and technological gardens move towards the orbit of sustainable development of the health progressively. As to this, the thinking and discussion put forward are only true for everybody's reference and discussion.

  A Strategic Study on Pushing Agriculture Vertical Integration Forward of the Round Agriculture Running Industry in Sichuan Province Peng Changjia[]，Jiang Fangming[] ，Zhao Xingjian[] ，He Jiaguo[]，Shen Xuemei[]，Wang Mingxia[] 2005, 21 (10):  438-438.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   The author analysed the necessity and question of existence as well as thinking, principle , goal and focal point round agrculture running industry in Sichuan Province.And the countermeasure pushing agriculture vertical Integration forward of the round agriculture running industry was suggested.

  The Science of Crop Cultivation Assume Gloomy Prospects in China Miao Baohe., Yu Songlie，, Li Xiangdong，, Pang Jianxin, Wang Shengjun, Wang Fengjuan, Li Fenglan, Qi Fengqiu, Deng Yangyong, Zhu Changjin, Zhu Daomin 2005, 21 (10):  445-445.  Abstract + ( 1589 )   This paper reviewed the developing history of crop cultivation in China and four developing stages which include foundation, standstill, resumption and acceleration, consolidation and improvement. It summarized three main social contributions and three main self-made achievements of crop cultivation since 1949, at the same time, it analyzed ten main problems at present. This science is developing towards regionalization, specialization, large scale, standardization, conciseness and industrialization according to the objective of high yield, high quality, good efficiency and benefit, enough safety and ecology. A lot of problems of Chinese agriculture, countryside and peasant are still solved by crop cultivation, no subjects can take place of it, so the burden is heavy and the road is long and assuming gloomy prospects in the science of crop cultivation.

  Urbanization Can not Cost the Losing Land Peasants’ Interests —Discussing how to protect the rights and interests of the peasants whose land is expropriated during the process of urbanization Zhu Yubi, Zhuo Mingzhong, Lin Chengshu 2005, 21 (10):  449-449.  Abstract + ( 1671 )   During the process of China’s urbanization , more and more losing land peasants are appearing. However they have to face serious problems of their existence and development under the present institution arrangement. So the purpose of this study is to pose some suggestion of policy and thinking about protecting the interests of losing land peasants. Methods of induction and documents are employed. The results show the main reasons of harming the losing land peasants’ interests , suggest to treat the losing land peasants’ interests through obeying the rules of equality and justice, market regulation and being rich together, put forward thinking about protecting the interests of losing land peasants from many aspects, such as seriously defining public interest, making clear collective ownership , properly settling compensation standards of every kind of land property rights, implementing many-faceted compensation way of expropriation and absorbing losing land peasants into system of social insurance, etc. The conclusion is drawing that really harmonious society and urbanization just come from resulting the problems of losing land peasants’ existence and development and letting them share the benefits of urbanization and economic development.

  Research on Excitation Practice of Expending staff in Higher Agricultural Schools --Northwest A&F University as an Example Liu Huai, Xue Jiquan 2005, 21 (10):  453-453.  Abstract + ( 1312 )   With the develop0ment of modern society forming on excitation system on larger scale ,thus stimulating the faculty has become the guiding ideology for inner system reform of higher school .According to the experience after the after amalgamation, this paper summarizes the connotation of Northwest A & F University, pats forward 5 models of excitation of expanding staff, providing advice for the decision-making departments.

  The Influence of Abolishing Agricultural Taxation on Agricultural Land YANG Gao-ling,LIU Ding-xiang 2005, 21 (10):  457-457.  Abstract + ( 1147 )   The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the policy about abolishing agricultural taxation on agricultural land . Methods of documents, practice and induction are applied. The results of this study show that abolishing agricultural taxation will change the structure of land taxation, accelerate land flowing, protect the agricultural land and so on. The conclusion is drawn that abolishing agricultural taxation will come in to being active influence on agricultural land.

  Set up Lasting Mechanism of Developing Rural Economy by Promoting Farmers Going out to Work —The survey and think for exporting of labor service about the county of Fuping and Lantan Fei Zhenguo 2005, 21 (10):  460-460.  Abstract + ( 1237 )   In the foundation of surveying the county of Fuping and Lantian. The article point out the lagging behind sense and low quality and imperfect mechanism of exporting are the main restrict factor for the farmer want to going out working . Through summing up the experience of the county of Fuping and Lantian .Gain several revelation: Enhance the publicity. Raise the synthesize quality of farmers. Perfect the medium organization. Form the mechanism of directional export . Set up the mechanism of encourage the start a business for the throwback farmer.