Abstract: In order to offer theoretic basis for the fertilization techniques of high-yield cotton cultivation under field drip irrigation，a block experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on canopy structure, nutrient absorption and yield of cotton. The results showed that: cotton LAI (leaf area index) was significantly increased with the increase of fertilizer before full boll stage, it increased first and then decreased at full boll and boll opening stage and attained maximum LAI at full boll stage. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium increased with the increase of fertilizer in cotton plants at full boll stage. With the increase of fertilizer, MFIA became large and plant type became compact, but excess fertilization could lead to canopy LAI increasing too much, smaller TCDP and TCRP, bad canopy structure, weakened cotton individual development, and resulted in the reduction of boll number per plant and boll weight. Cotton yield had significant difference between different fertilization treatments and increased at first and then decreased, indicating that excess or low fertilization was not suitable for obtaining high yield cotton. For high- yield cultivation of cotton in North Xinjiang drip fertigation was suggested: urea 639.60 kg/hm², monoammonium phosphate 177.67 kg/hm², potassium sulphate 148.06 kg/hm².