Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.33 Published:08 January 2015

  Research Progress of Chilling Tolerance in Maize 2014, 30 (33):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0638 Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 739KB )   ( 1950 ) The maize was C4 crop that typically relies on high temperature. Cold stress is an important abiotic factor affecting corn production. In order to study the effects of low temperature on the growth and development of maize, this paper summarized the progress about the change of physiological and photosynthetic parameters, the genetic mechanism of cold tolerance of maize and methods to resist cold damage. It discussed the research direction about cold tolerance of maize, and the authors thought the research on cold tolerance of maize should pay more attention to find and breed cold resistant germplasm resources of maize, and identify the gene of cold tolerance gene and make use of it.

  Review on maize endosperm starch synthesis 2014, 30 (33):  8-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1316 Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 528KB )   ( 1412 ) The utilization of maize starch in food industry was determined by its physicochemical characteristics and starch structure. Regulating the starch quality needs to understand the starch synthetic route. In recent years, studies showed that the starch synthesis was controlled by the interaction of the isozymes of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), starch synthase (SS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and starch debranching enzyme (DBE). Due to the different isozymes activities and the mutation of coding gene, different starch structures were formed and different industrial applications were produced. In the present paper, the properties of physiology and biochemistry, molecular biology and gene expression of those enzymes were summarized, the relative ways of starch quality improvement were proposed and the possible development direction was discussed.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Mode on Yield and Growth and Development of Summer Maize 2014, 30 (33):  16-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1666 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 825 ) The paper aims to study different fertilization mode on yield and growth and development of maize, explore the best mechanization fertilization mode and provide the basis for the whole course mechanization pro?duction of maize. Experiments were conducted in different ecological zones in Henan for two consecutive years with‘Zhengdan958’as the material, and four fertilization modes were set to compare yield and growth and de?velopment of summer maize. The results showed that, compared to CK, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of twice mechanization fertilization mode increased 8.8% and the kernel number per spike increased 5.9%, the 1000-kernel weight increased 1.2%, the plant dry matter increased 9.8% and ear characters increased to a cer?tain extant. The yield and yield components, dry matter, ear characters and nitrogen use efficiency of twice mechanization fertilization mode were similar to that of empirical mode. The twice mechanization fertilization mode was an ideal field mechanization fertilization model.

  Effect of Plastic Film Mulching Methods on Spring Maize Yield, Soil Water and Nutrients in Slope Farmland 周丽娜,李鹏,雷金银 and 赵营 2014, 30 (33):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1232 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 715KB )   ( 933 ) The study aims to discuss whether plastic film mulching is suitable for spring maize cultivation in slope farmland in the Southern Mountain Region of Ningxia or not, and find the rational mulching methods. A field experiment was conducted in slope farmland in the Southern Mountain Region of Ningxia, to investigate the effect of 4 different mulching methods, conventional tillage (CK), no-plastic film mulching in ridge (NM), whole- plastic film mulching in ridge (WM) and half- plastic film mulching in ridge (HM), on spring maize yield, soil water and nutrients contents. The results indicated that spring maize yields were significantly increased in treatments WM and HM in contrast to treatment CK, the yield increment was 65.4% and 62.5%, respectively. Soil water content and storage capacity of 0-80 cm, soil available nutrients content of N, P, K were also increased in treatments WM and HM, and thus it was benefit for maintaining soil productivity. On comprehensive consideration of spring maize yield, soil water storage capacity and soil fertility maintaining, both whole-plastic film mulching and half-plastic film mulching in ridge could be good mulching methods for spring maize planting in slope farmland in the Southern Mountain Region of Ningxia.

  Improved Effects of Maize Population Yunlun No. 1 by Recurrent Selection Method 2014, 30 (33):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1283 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 400 ) The narrow genetic background is the first constraint factor of maize (Zea mays L.). It is essential to broaden the genetic diversity of maize resources through recurrent selection. Yunlun No. 1 germplasm popula?tion derived from the mixed pollination after crossing the U.S. firm rod BSSS population with the population composed of eight inbred lines with Chinese Reid blood. After conducting three mixed selection，Chang 7-2 was used as test varieties to analyze the combining ability of the Yunlun No. 1 germplasm population’s yield traits. The results show that the population has rich genetic variation and there are significant differences among the individual plants of population. Twenty excellent selfing plants are selected from 138 test varieties as a new round of reincarnation parent correspondingly. It is expected that the yield combining ability of the new round of composite population will increase by 11.6%, milking and dehydration rate will be superior to the control and agronomic traits will also be improved accordingly.

  Grain Filling Characteristics and ATP Enzyme Activity Effects of the First Rice Crop Under Different Cultivation Patterns for Early Rice and Its Ratoonal Crop 2014, 30 (33):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2177 Abstract + ( 613 )   PDF ( 601KB )   ( 602 ) Aiming to search for the influence of the different cultivation measure upon the ratooning rice yield and clarify the physiobiochemical mechanism of super high-yield under super high-yield cultivation practice, this paper studied their grain filling characteristics and ATP enzyme activity of the first rice crop by comparing the two cultivation practices: super high-yield cultivation practice and tradition one.The result showed that compared with traditional cultivation pattern, superior and inferior grains of the first rice crop under super high-yield cultivation pattern had stronger initial grain-filling potential, earlier in the time reaching the maximum filling rate, higher grain-filling rate, shorter grain-filling duration. In period of grain-filling, Mg2 -ATPase and Ca2 -ATPase activities of the first crop’s superior and inferior grains under super high-yield cultivation pattern were higher than those under traditional cultivation pattern, especially in the phases of rapidly raise after tassel. So the grain-filling of the first rice crop under super high-yield cultivation pattern displayed the features of earlier filling initiation, higher grain-filling intensities and higher pull in the evening of grain-filling, which contributed to transport more organic matter to panicles. All these were the reasons in physiobiochemistry and grain-filling characteristics why the first rice crop under super high-yield cultivation pattern had more panicles per plant, more grains per panicle, more height of grain and higher percentage of filled grains.

  Susceptibility of Hybrid Rice Seed Production System to High Temperature 卢碧林 and 田小海 2014, 30 (33):  37-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1338 Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 581 ) It is generally believed that the requirement of hybrid rice seed production system to environmental conditions is stricter than that of common rice plant production under the field conditions, but the conclusive evidence has been lacking. In 2013, a rarely continuous hot weather had affected Yangtze River valley, and the high temperature days maintained until the rice anthesis stage. The impact caused by this abnormal heat wave on the pollination of pollens of male parents to the stigma of the female parents acted as a great chance to ob?serve the susceptibility of the seed production system to high temperature. The experiment was conducted at the biggest hybrid rice seed production base which located in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. Three batches of seeds including male and female parents with specific interval sowing dates were planted in the field to produce hybrid seeds F1. For different batches’plants flowered at different dates, they thus experienced var?ied temperature at their developmental stages. We took the seeding batches as the experimental treatments, which were planted in an interval contrast design with three replications in the field. As a result, the male par?ents for three batches all had moderate decreases in seed setting rates, but a sharp decrease was observed for all three batches female parents as contrasted to that at normal temperature year (30%-40% down, in absolute value). There has been no difference among the seed setting rates between the three batches of male parents. Meanwhile the seed setting rates between three batches of female parents showed significant difference, the seed setting rate of the female parents was significantly correlated with the high-temperature days they experi?enced. Those results showed that high temperature might affect hybrid rice seed production much greater than the normal rice production. Selecting hybrid rice parents with more tolerance to heat stress and developing countermeasures would be the focus of hybrid rice research.

  Effection of Seedling Raising Methods and Transplanting Density on Yields Cultured Using Mechanical Transplanting in Early Season Rice 2014, 30 (33):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0484 Abstract + ( 568 )   PDF ( 516KB )   ( 712 ) Researches on mechanical transplanting technology for double cropping early season rice play an important role in mechanization culture of rice production. Seedling raising methods and transplanting density were the key points in mechanical transplanting technology for early season rice. In the present study, different treatments of sowing rate, seedbed types and transplanting density were designed to investigate the influence on seedling growth, seedling quality and machine- transplanted quality of early season rice using variety‘Zhongzao 9’. It was shown that, for sowing rate, 110 g per disc could raise strong seedlings with higher emergence rate, adult seeding rate and ratio of seedling weight to height, and high quality seedlings of mechanical transplanting were obtained. Compared with seedlings raised by various seedbed types,“pot mixture”or“pot mixture plus yellow soil”, these two kinds of seedbed types would develop healthy and strong seedling plants, wide stem and high quality for machine transplanting. After transplanting in growing field, seedlings revived fast, and develop higher effective tiller numbers per area, resulted in high output at last. The experiment of transplanting density was conducted; it indicated that two designs of distance of row: line 30cm×14cm or 24cm×17cm, transplanting density 244500 holes/hm2 and 238500 holes/hm2 were in favor for rice growth and developments, including large panicles, optimized plant population and higher yields.

  Evaluation on Rice Soil Fertility Quality Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis at Village-region 2014, 30 (33):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2090 Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 533KB )   ( 500 ) In order to clarity the soil fertility status of paddy fields in Wenxing Village, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, principal component analysis combined with the cluster analysis was used to analyze the soil fertility. The results showed that the CV of soil pH, total porosity and capillary were lower than 10%, indicating their weak variation. In contrast, other variation coefficients were from 10% to 100% , belonging to moderate variation. The variability of available S, available Fe and available Mn were intensive with variation coefficient of more than 75%. Principal component analysis showed that 22 evaluation factors could be classified into six major components, its cumulative contribution rate had reached 74.26%, could reflect the soil fertility standard at a certain extent. The IFI values of soil samples were from -1.7422 to 1.8230, which had been divided into four levels as Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ by the cluster anlysis with their proportion of 2.5%, 52.5%, 30% and 15%, respectively. This method could make a relatively correct evaluation on soil nutrient supply capacity and the degree of abundance, and provide a reference for reasonable application of fertilizer in paddy field.

  Practical Technology for Improved Rice-fish Co-culture System 2014, 30 (33):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1374 Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 633KB )   ( 617 ) A new round state-wide rice-based aquaculture has been carrying out in China during the past 5 years. To improve the total productivity of improved traditional rice- fish co- culture system, the effect of transplanting density and application rate of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=14:2:7) were studied in a field experiment. And based on the field experimental results and environmental consideration, an optimized technology was suggested for rice-fish co-culture. Based on yield analysis from two different filed experiments, a rice hill density with 25 cm both between rows and hills would increase rice yield significantly (P=0.005) without any negative impact on fish production (P=0.175) if fish yield was targeted at 750 kg/hm2. The dependency of rice yield to compound fertilizer decreased in rice-fish co-culture system. The yield of both rice and fish had no significant change when the compound fertilizer application rate reduced from 750 kg/hm2 to 600 kg/hm2. An optimized technology system with best resource utilization and without any environmental risk was innovatively established and the suggestions are as follows: 55±3 g sized krill density (9000 individuals/hm2), rice hill density with 30 cm both between rows and between hills, compound fertilizer application rate 480 kg/hm2, predicted fish yield 1500 kg/hm2, predicted rice grain yield 7500 kg/hm2. The suggested technology could be introduced to whole Qingtian County, where the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) located in, and other eco-socially-similar regions with essential trials.

  Dynamic Forecasting for Early Rice Yield Based on Climatic Suitability Index in Hunan 2014, 30 (33):  56-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0566 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 500 ) Early rice growth and yield form are closely related to meteorological conditions. It is a great significance for agricultural production and food security by unfolding early rice yield dynamic forecast in Hunan. The climatic suitability model was established from the maximum temperature and the optimum temperature and the minimum temperature and water demand and optical characteristics of early rice in Hunan. The climatic suitability index was built by using the method of different weighted integration in Hunan. The author selected 15 representative stations, the climatic suitability index of the early rice were calculated in different times from 1961 to 2012 in Hunan. The relationship between the climatic suitability index in different times and the value of yields for bumper or poor harvest of the early rice was analyzed from 1961 to 2009 in Hunan. The dynamic forecasting model of early rice yield based on climatic suitability index was established. They were fitted testing in the sample percentage of consistency of change tendency between the forecasting yields and the observations and the forecasting accuracy. They were extrapolated testing by using the data from 2010 to 2012. The testing results showed that the value of the forecasting model for early rice yield based on climatic suitability index on April 30 and May 20 and June 20 was 64%-73% in the sample percentage of consistency of change tendency between the forecasting yields and the observations and the value was 94.7%-96.3% in the forecasting accuracy. The research results showed that the dynamic forecasting model for early rice yield based on climatic suitability index were able to meet the needs of the early rice yield forecasting services in Hunan.

  Effects of the Joint Action of Temperature and Water Content on ‘Lianjing 7’ Rice Seed Germination Rate 2014, 30 (33):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2097 Abstract + ( 617 )   PDF ( 538KB )   ( 480 ) In order to investigate the change rule of‘Lianjing 7’rice seed germination rate during storage and the effects of the joint action of temperature and water content on rice seed germination rate, 3×3 factorial design was performed with rice seed germination rate as dependent variable, water content and storage temperature as independent variable, and SPSS software was used to process the data. The results showed that the germination rate of rice seed kept in storage with water content of 14.5% and storage temperature of 25℃ for 180 days could still reach 89%, and with water content of 11.5% and storage temperature of 5℃ for 180 days could still reach 96.6%. Rice seed germination rate gradually decreased with the extension of storage time, water content and storage temperature were the key factors and had significant interaction.

  Study on Leaf and Root Senescence of ‘Fulongliangyou863’ After Heading 2014, 30 (33):  65-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1860 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 604KB )   ( 437 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis and technical references for the cultivation of‘Fulongliangyou 863’and breeding technologies of the series of new type rice varieties, aging characteristics of‘Fulongliangyou 863’were studied at late growth stage in this paper. Chlorophyll content, the total SOD activity, MDA content and root bleeding sap of the flag leaf of‘Fulongliangyou863’and‘Liangyoupeijiu’(CK) after heading were analyzed by Meter method, NBT method, thiobarbituric acid method and absorbent cotton adsorption wound flow method. The results showed that: SOD activity gradually decreased and MDA content gradually increased after heading, while chlorophyll content and root exudate increased and reached a peak, then decreased,‘Fulongliangyou 863’and‘Liangyoupeijiu’showed the same results. Further comparison showed that: about 20 days after heading, chlorophyll content, the total SOD activity and root exudate of‘Fulongliangyou 863’were always significantly higher than that of‘Liangyoupeijiu’, while its content of MDA was always lower than that of‘Liangyoupeijiu’. The analysis of each index showed that‘Fulongliangyou 863’was significantly stronger than‘Liangyoupeijiu’.

  Study on Photosynthetic Physiology of Paddy Rice-upland Wheat Rotation Double Cropping System with Double-zero-tillage in Yellow River Ningxia Basin 2014, 30 (33):  69-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0765 Abstract + ( 633 )   PDF ( 652KB )   ( 547 ) The purpose of the study focused on photosynthetic physiology of paddy rice-upland wheat rotation double cropping system with double-zero-tillage. The CIRAS-I Portable Photosynthesis was used. Winter wheat and rice flag leaves had been tested. The leaves’samples were taken in heading stage, grain filling stage and milk stage both in four year double-zero-tillage and in traditional tillage trails, respectably. The results showed that zero tillage winter wheat variety‘Ningdong 11’and rice variety‘Sha-Sha-Ni’had normal photosynthetic physiology. Their stoma regulation had better functions for water use efficiency (WUE), higher rates of CO2 assimilation in the certain times and other characters. However, there wasn’t significant difference between the conventional tillage and zero tillage for photosynthetic net rate of‘Ningdong 11’, or of‘Sha-Sha-Ni’s yet. The main reason was that organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus within 0-40 cm depth soil layer increased after four year double-zero-tillage-cropping in succession with winter wheat-rice rotation system.

  Effect of Alternate Drying-Wetting for Wheat Grains on Quality 2014, 30 (33):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2060 Abstract + ( 593 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 500 ) In order to understand the influencing degree of alternating wetting-drying in the process of storage on wheat grain quality, thirty leading cultivars of different hardness and advanced lines were used as test materials to carry out water treatment on desiccation grains and investigate the milling quality, starch quality and dough rheological properties with harvested desiccation grain as the control. The results showed that hardness of the treated wheat grains decreased overall, and compared with the untreated grains, the difference reached significant level (P＜0.01). The grade of certain varieties’hardness jumped and the overall flour yield decreased by 2% which reached significant level (P＜0.01). The ash content, protein content and yellow pigment content decreased significantly, but the flour whiteness improved. The peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity decreased by 108 cp, 125 cp and 97 cp, respectively, and the difference reached significant level (P＜0.01). In short, the effect of drying wheat grains encountering water was remarkable on milling quality and starch quality while slightly on dough rheological properties.

  Analysis of the Pentosan Content and the Agronomic and Quality Characters in Ten Commercial Varieties of Winter Wheat 2014, 30 (33):  85-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1940 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 570 ) The study aims to summarize the wheat survey of popularized varieties in Anhui and provide reference for producing high quality special- purpose wheat as well as exploring varieties of outstanding economical and quality characters. The authors used the lichen phenol- hydrochloric acid and the nearinfrared grain analyzer to measure some quality and economical characters of 10 popularized wheat varieties in wheat planting areas of Anhui. The result indicated that the difference of the water-soluble pentosan content in different varieties achieved extremely remarkable level, the difference between non-water-soluble pentosan content and total pentosan content was not remarkable, the difference of the height, ear long, total spikelet number, thousand seeds weight and degree of hardness achieved extremely remarkable level in different varieties, the difference of ear seed numbers in different varieties was remarkable, the difference of the sterile spikelet numbers, protein, wet gluten and subsidence value content in different varieties was not remarkable.

  The Relationships of Cassava Root Anatomical Structure and Root Cortical Thickness with Starch Accumulation 2014, 30 (33):  89-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0473 Abstract + ( 624 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 1228 ) In order to research root cortical thickness and anatomical structure of root, the high starch cassava cultivar‘Xinxuan 048’,‘Fuxuan 01’and low starch cassava cultivar‘SC124’were studied. The study determined the starch granule size which included in root’s cortex and starch storage area, root’s cortical thickness and a number of physiological indexes about root’s cortex and starch storage area. By comparing three cassava cultivars, there were four discoveries. Firstly, starch grain in the starch storage area was longer than that in the cortex. Secondly, starch grain in the two plant tissues of the low starch cultivars‘SC124’was shorter than that of the other two high starch cultivars. Thirdly, cassava cortex thickness was negatively related with the accumulation of starch content, which was especially obvious between the cassava cultivars of genetic relationship. Finally, from the physiological index determination of the root cortex and the starch storage area, it was discovered that 3 kinds of soluble sugar and soluble sugar accumulation in the cortex was far greater than that in starch storage area, and the difference was the most significant in high starch cultivars, it showed that the root cortex plays a key role in starch accumulation.

  Evaluation on Cassava Varieties with Grey System Theory Lin Hongxin,Yuan Zhanqi,Liu Rengen and Xiao Yunping 2014, 30 (33):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1384 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 553KB )   ( 594 ) To provide a basis for cassava varieties selection of Jiangxi red soil upland, the authors applied grey system theory to comprehensive evaluation on the adaptability of different cassava varieties. Using the grey system theory correlation method, the authors analyzed the main characteristics of the 38 cassava varieties that introduced in 2010 and 2011. The results showed that, H867, H628, H989, H632, H680, SC205, GR024-2, ZM99229, SC8 and H1312 among those 38 varieties had higher correlation with reference variety (>0.619), and their comprehensive performance were better in red soil upland of Jiangxi Province, but the varieties ‘Swiss P11’, ‘Guire 3’, G37, F100 and ‘Swiss 88’ had less correlation with reference variety (<0.506), and their comprehensive performance was bad in Jiangxi province. The grey system theory could be used as cassava adaptability evaluation method. H867, H628, H989, H632, H680, SC205, GR024-2, ZM99229, SC8 and H1312 and other varieties are suitable for planting in Jiangxi Province and have high yield.

  Research of Nitrogen on Formula Fertilization by Soil Testing Index System for Peanut in Guangdong 2014, 30 (33):  101-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1411 Abstract + ( 652 )   PDF ( 525KB )   ( 514 ) This paper studied the effects of different fertilizer models on simulation for the 3414 fertilizer experiments, which were conducted from 2008 to 2012 in 30 cities in Guangdong Province. By analyzing the data,the index system of soil available nitrogen abundance of Guangdong peanut were established. The results indicated that, the regression equation index for soil available nitrogen content was y=29.906lnx-54.015 (the correlation coefficients was 0.766); the regression equation of the recommended nitrogen content was y=-85.184lnx 494.04 (the correlation coefficients was 0.725). According to the mathematical model, the sufficiency and deficiency range of the soil effective nitrogen were divided into 5 levels: ＜60 mg/kg, 60-80 mg/kg, 80-110 mg/kg,110-150 mg/kg and ＞150 mg/kg, and the proposed index of supplying nitrogen per hectare were 142.5 kg,120.0-142.5 kg, 90.0-120.0 kg, 67.5-90.0 kg and 67.5 kg, respectively.

  Effect of Different Fertilizer on Canopy Structure, Nutrient Absorption and Yield Formation of High-yield Cotton in North Xinjiang, China 2014, 30 (33):  105-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1497 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 468KB )   ( 556 ) In order to offer theoretic basis for the fertilization techniques of high-yield cotton cultivation under field drip irrigation，a block experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on canopy structure, nutrient absorption and yield of cotton. The results showed that: cotton LAI (leaf area index) was significantly increased with the increase of fertilizer before full boll stage, it increased first and then decreased at full boll and boll opening stage and attained maximum LAI at full boll stage. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium increased with the increase of fertilizer in cotton plants at full boll stage. With the increase of fertilizer, MFIA became large and plant type became compact, but excess fertilization could lead to canopy LAI increasing too much, smaller TCDP and TCRP, bad canopy structure, weakened cotton individual development, and resulted in the reduction of boll number per plant and boll weight. Cotton yield had significant difference between different fertilization treatments and increased at first and then decreased, indicating that excess or low fertilization was not suitable for obtaining high yield cotton. For high- yield cultivation of cotton in North Xinjiang drip fertigation was suggested: urea 639.60 kg/hm2, monoammonium phosphate 177.67 kg/hm2, potassium sulphate 148.06 kg/hm2.

  Research Methods and Progress on Molecular Ecology of Compost Microorganism Wang Zhenchuan,Sun Gaige,Liu Qiang,Xie Jun and Xie Guixian 2014, 30 (33):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0761 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 2088 ) Composting is one of the effective methods of disposing organic solid wastes. The microorganisms play significant roles in the composting process. Therefore, it is of great importance for researchers to accelerate fast maturity by studying microbial communities and dynamic changes during composting process. The traditional methods (cultivation approach, direct microscopic count and specific functional microbial study technique) and modern molecular biology technologies (modern biochemical method, modern molecular biology technology, high-throughput sequencing and other molecular biology methods) of studying compost microorganism were reviewed in this paper, and the advantages and drawbacks of traditional methods and modern molecular biology technologies to research the compost microbial were also deeply analyzed. Finally, the proper choice of research methods of studying compost microbial structure and its dynamic change were proposed.

  Research Progress of Straw Degradation Bacteria at Low Temperature (Li He,Zhang Hengfang,Qin Zhijia,Gao Yunhang,Lou Yujie and Liu Shuxia 2014, 30 (33):  116-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1287 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 452KB )   ( 424 ) Straw returning to soil can improve the comprehensive utilization of straw, and is one of the effective methods to improve the soil fertility. It has become an important part of sustainable agriculture and ecological agriculture, and plays a vital role. The slow decomposing after the straw returning to soil could limit a wide promotion of the technology. Therefore, developing straw degradation bacteria to increase the degradation rate of straw fiber and improve straw decomposing efficiency has become the key of the technology. The paper summarized the research progress of low temperature microorganisms, straw degradation bacteria at low temperature, and the effect of degrading bacteria application on soil nutrient, soil enzyme activity and the microbial diversity.

  Progress and Prospect of Effect and Mechanism of Earthworm on the Cycle of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen He Hui,Zheng Huabin,Liu Jianxia,Yao Lin and Huang Huang 2014, 30 (33):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0660 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 675KB )   ( 3435 ) Earthworm, as a large-size soil animal, plays an important role in the cycle of soil carbon and nitrogen. The paper summarized the effect and mechanism of earthworm in the soil carbon and nitrogen cycle such as plant productivity, mineralization and decomposition of organic matter and bio-utilization. The disturbance of earthworms, such as eating soil, feces drilling, and their droppings and secretions produced by the metabolism, improved plant productivity, increased soil carbon stock and the flux of atmospheric-soil, increased biological nitrogen fixation, accelerate the debris and decomposition of the litterfall, accelerated soil nitrogen mineralization and denitrification and reduced soil nitrogen leaching. The research put forward the application prospect of earthworm in the paddy ecosystem and provided some theoretical foundation and guiding significance for the improvement of soil fertility and the sustainable use of soil.

  Review on Plants Selenium Enrichment Researches and Suggestions for the Industry 2014, 30 (33):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1580 Abstract + ( 672 )   PDF ( 629KB )   ( 921 ) In this review, by researching former studies, we provided an overview on how selenium affects human health, plants growth and development, and present studies on selenium-containing protein. We found out that the principles of selenium uptake, transformation and accumulation in vegetable were still not clear. In addition, few research have related to molecular biology. On the other hand, there’s no national standard of selenium-rich plants or selenium determination. Moreover, the hygienic standard of selenium-rich products still has loopholes. Based on all these, the article made a few suggestions on how the industry might develop in the future.

  Study on the Method of Statistics Analysis of Tested Varieties Yield in Regional Crop Trials 2014, 30 (33):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1164 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 552KB )   ( 628 ) Variety regional trial is an important stage in the process of crop variety registration, breeding and extension. The result of the yield is an important basis of variety registration. But the yield level of one or few sites was often obviously higher or lower than that of other sites in the national millet regional trials. In addition, the yield data of these sites, which accounts for a too high share in data summary, might decide the whole testing result. Therefore, how to reflect the actual yield level of tested varieties more objectively and accurately has restricted the work of regional trial and variety registration. In order to solve this problem, actual yield of every sites were replaced by theoretical yield in the sites by the author who engaged in national millet regional trials for many years. Firstly, the yields of the control of all sites were averaged. Secondly, according to the proportion of yield increase or decrease compared with the control in tested varieties of each site, the author counted the theoretical yield in the corresponding sites based on the data in first step. Thirdly, the author adjusted the yield level of all sites to the same level, then eliminated the influencing factors, such as land capacity and so on. It was verified that the proportion of yield increase or decrease compared with the control counted by this method was basically identical with the average proportion of yield increase or decrease in tested varieties of each site. This method could basically reflect the actual yield level of tested varieties. Great effect had been achieved and the method had great significance to the summary of the regional trials data.

  Effects of Sub-soiling Measures on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation of Spring Maize Under Conditions of Plastic-film Mulching Zhang Lijuan,Zhang Dongmei,Lu Ke,Li Yingying and Bi Wen-o 2014, 30 (33):  141-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1818 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 464KB )   ( 539 ) With ‘Weike 702’ as test material, the author adopted 2 kinds of tillage methods under plastic-film mulching: sub-soiling measures (FS) and rotary tillage (FR), to research the effect of different tillage methods on the change rule of spring maize dry matter accumulation and transportation. Results showed that: after silking, dry matter accumulation of rotary tillage and ridging with plastic film munching was significantly higher than that of sub-soiling and ridging with plastic film munching, and the difference increased with the development process. FR had higher dry matter accumulation rate and longer duration time than FS. Dry matter transportation, transfer efficiency and grain contribution of FR were significantly higher than that of FS, and the performance in different organs was leaf > srem > ear.

  Study on Test and Analysis by HPLC and Stability of Bioactive Fermentative Liquid from Streptomyces corchorusii strain NF0919 2014, 30 (33):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1101 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 761KB )   ( 533 ) The HPLC detection method to detect the main effective components of the fermented liquid from Streptomyces corchorusii strain NF0919 was analyzed. By mycelium growth rate, the antibiotic and stability of different treatments fermentation liquid from strain NF0919 were studied. The results revealed that the most material composition was detected at the conditions of C18 column, 305 nm, gradient elution by methanol and water. The strain fermentation extract broths had instability to heat, alkali and uv, but was stable to acid, illumination. In the refrigerator storage condition, the antimicrobial activity of fermentation extract broths was stable, and the actinomycete strain NF0919 had certain research and development value.

  Inhibition of Chlamydospore Germination and Mycelial Growth of Trichoderma spp. by Chemical Fungicides 张林,,, and 2014, 30 (33):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0792 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 1421 ) For exploring the influence of application and residue of chemical fungicides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effect of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of two biocontrol fungi T. harzianum 610 and T. longibrachiatum 758 were studied. Carbendazim, tebuconazole, difenoconazole showed strong toxicities, thiram and carboxin showed moderate toxicities, pentachloronitrobenzene and metalaxyl showed weak toxicities to the tested two strains. Mycelia growth of the two strains was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of chlamydospore germination. Chlamydospore germination of 610 was more sensitive to tested fungicides than those of 758, and mycelia growth of 758 was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of 610. Among the seven fungicides, 98% carbendazim had the strongest effects (EC50 values were 1.64 and 0.05μg/mL), and 70% pentachloronitrobenzene had the weakest effects (EC50 values were 1.64 and 0.05μg/mL) for chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of 610. As for 758, 98% carbendazim had the strongest inhibitory effects and 95% metalaxyl had the weakest inhibitory for chlamydospore germination of 758 (EC50 values were 0.62 and 1108.61μg/mL respectively), whereas 96.2% tebuconazole showed the strongest inhibitory effects for mycelia growth of 758 (EC50 value was 0.32μg/mL), and 95% metalaxyl was the weakest (EC50 value was 1206.29μg/mL). According to the applied concentration of different fungicides in practice, we concluded that chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 could not be combined with carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiram and carboxin for controlling plant diseases, and the pesticide residues to the biocontrol effects should be kept in mind. Chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 can be combined with pentachloronitrobenzene, difenoconazole for controlling plant diseases, 758 chlamydospore preparations and germinated chlamydospore of 610 can be combined with metalaxyl for controlling plant diseases, and pesticide residue risk is not serious.

  Evaluation of the Biological Safety of SF Membrane 2014, 30 (33):  156-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2155 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 677KB )   ( 632 ) Water-fast silk fibroin films were created from regenerated silk fibroin by drying at a controlled temperature and humidity and degenerating with ethanol. To evaluate the biosafety of these silk fibroin membranes, cytotoxicity test in vitro, general allergic, delayed- type hypersensitivity assay, acute toxicity, pyrogenic reaction and hemolytic test on erythrocytes of rabbits were conducted. The results showed that: after in vitro cultured fibroblasts were treated with silk fibroin membrane leaching liquor, they proliferated appropriately at 92.3%, indicating the cytotoxicity of silk fibroin membrane leaching liquor was grade I; after repeated injections of 100% silk fibroin membrane leaching liquor, no mice presented generalized anaphylaxis; all the mice that received injections of 100% silk fibroin membrane leaching liquor survived, no acute general toxic reactions; the body weight of mice gradually increased within 7 days. After injection of 100% silk fibroin membrane leaching liquor into the ear vein of Japanese big eared rabbits, the body temperature of per rabbit increased by 0.2-0.5℃, but did not exceed the upper limit of 0.6, and 1.4℃ in total. The hemolysis test showed that the hemolytic rates of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 10% silk fibroin membrane leaching liquor were 4.02%, 2.57% , 1.56% , and 1.01% ，respectively, all rates were lower than 5% . In short, the data indicate that regenerated silk fibroin films exhibit good biosafety.

  Construction of miR172 Over-expression Vector and Its Transformation into micro-Tom Tomato 2014, 30 (33):  162-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2440 Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 792KB )   ( 1194 ) To reveal the pathway of miRNA regulating tomato different growth and development stage, especially in fruit ripening, the research obtained tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) miR172 gene by the polymerse chain reaction technique (PCR), then we used the restriction enzymes to digest especially gene segments and pCAMBIA1300-221 vector, and connected the gene to the plasmid pCAMBIA1300-221, then transformed into Agrobacterium by Freeze-thaw method when the recombinant plasmid was accurate. The recombinant plasmid was transformed again into Escherichia coli in order to obtain the exact plasmid by PCR and double enzyme digestion in the research, and the sequence result was homology to NCBI database up to 100%. The results indicated that tomato expression vector pCAMBIA1300-221-miR172 was constructed successfully and then we cultivated and identificate the transgenic plants. It would provide base for genetic research in fruit ripening and aging through miR172 transgenic tomatoes.

  Atmospheric Pollutants Transportation of Shenyang Surrounding Urban Agglomeration Analysis Research 沈秋宇,于杨 and 关惠戈 2014, 30 (33):  168-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0805 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 3074KB )   ( 423 ) This paper mainly uses MM5 method to analysis the atmospheric pollutants transport in Shenyang, Liaoyang, Fushun, Anshan and Benxi. The results showed that: in winter and autumn, the distribution characteristics of atmospheric environment in transportation field were mainly northwest flow, the air pollutants channel was transported from northwest to southeast, while in spring and summer, this region was mainly dominated by southwest flow, the air pollutants channel was transported from southwest to northeast. However, the wind velocity in summer is higher than that in spring and the convey degree is stronger. Because of the distribution flow field, inverse humidity and inverse temperature, the air pollutants emission concentration is the highest in winter.

  Present Status and Technology on Decentralized Treatment of Domestic Sewage in Rural Areas 2014, 30 (33):  176-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1188 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 584 ) Decentralized treatment of domestic sewage has become a new idea. Due to many advantages such as small investment, convenience of management，high purification efficiency, and low maintenance costs, etc, it is suited for rural domestic sewage treatment. However，the choice of techniques of sewage treatment is directly related to the effects of sewage treatment and the environmental health in an area. In this paper, the present status of treatment of rural domestic sewage both in China and abroad were reviewed, and several technologies of decentralized treatment domestic sewage were introduced, such as constructed wetlands, stabilization pond, artificial floating island, biological filte and anaerobic biological treatment technology. Based on the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of many decentralized treatment technologies being used in China and abroad，their treatment effect，environmental and economic conditions were discussed. Finally, we suggested that, hybrid of different processes has stronger applicability for decentralized treatment domestic sewage, which promoting decentralized treatment facilities in the future.

  Microwave Assisted NaOH-H2O2 Hydrolysis Oxidation of Rice Root Cellulose Prepared 2014, 30 (33):  181-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0649 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 1919KB )   ( 1145 ) In order to explore a new way of cellulose extraction from agricultural waste, taking rice root as the material, using microwave assisted NaOH-H2O2 hydrolysis and oxidation of rice root cellulose prepared, the rice root cellulose were characterized and analyzed by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The authors studied the effect of microwave power, reaction time, NaOH concentration and olid- liquid ratio on rice root cellulose extraction ratio. The results showed that the best reaction condition was that NaOH concentration was 6%, microwave power was 450 W, reaction time was 3.0 min, olid-liquid ratio was 1:25. Preparation of bleaching liquid with H2O2 sodium silicate and 12.5 g/L, the extraction ratio of rice root cellulose was 89.3%. Therefore, microwave assisted H2O2 hydrolysis- oxidation in the removal of lignin with high efficiency and had little damage of cellulose structure.

  The Relationship Between Total Phosphorus and Alkaline Phosphatase of Sediment in Jiangsu and Yunnan Tilapia Aquaculture Ponds 2014, 30 (33):  188-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1446 Abstract + ( 626 )   PDF ( 603KB )   ( 572 ) Phosphorus is one of the main pollutants in the aquaculture pond sediment, a large number of microorganisms in sediments and secretion of alkaline phosphatase is the main way to degrade organophosphorus. Measuring and comparing the phosphorus content in different regions of the breeding pond sediment helps to understand and grasp the aquaculture ponds phosphorus pollution condition in our country.Studying the correlation between phosphorus content and alkaline phosphatase activity in sediment is meaningful for realizing the conversion and migration mechanisms of phosphorus. This research measured the TP content and alkaline phosphatase activity of sediments in tilapia aquaculture ponds in Jiangsu and Yunnan Province, compared the differences among various indicators, and analyzed the correlation of total phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase based on data basis. Results showed that: the TP content and alkaline phosphataseactivity of the two sample groups in Jiangsu province’s ponds were 0.116% and 0.176%, 1329.2 mg/(kg·24 h) and 1539.1 mg/(kg·24 h); the TP content and alkaline phosphatase activity of the samples in Yunnan province were 1.22%, 2467.7 mg/(kg·24 h). The TP content of Yunnan province’s sample was 10-20 times higher than that of Jiangsu province’s, and also significantly higher than that of other regions’. The alkaline phosphatase activity of Yunnan province’s samples was about 2 times of that of Jiangsu province’s samples. The change trend of the three groups’total phosphorus content and phosphatase activity data are consistent, which have significantly positive relation, but have no linear relationship.

  The Study of Nutrients and Heavy Metals Content Characteristics in Desulfurized Gypsum of Jiuquan Steel Group 2014, 30 (33):  193-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1450 Abstract + ( 594 )   PDF ( 482KB )   ( 553 ) Desulfurized gypsum is an effective ameliorant of saline-sodic soil, however, the content of heavy metal is a key factor that limits agricultural resource utilization. In order to grasp the agricultural resource utilization feasibility of JISCO group’s desulfurized gypsum, this study comprehensively determined the nutrients and heavy metal concentrations in desulfurized gypsum. The results showed that the macro element contents were very poor, but in contrast, the middle and trace elements were relatively rich and the average contents of calcium, iron, zinc and manganese were 281560, 8063, 15388, 1026 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metal, chromium, lead and nickel contents were below the second level standard of the national cultivated land soil environment quality. Although cadmium content exceeded the national soil environment quality standard, it was still within the controlled standard of fly ash agricultural resource utilization. These showed that application of desulfurized gypsum to improve saline-sodic soil in proper amount would not have significant effects on the heavy metal contents in soil.

  Investigation of Nutrient Status of the Orchard Soils in Gutian County, Fujian Province 2014, 30 (33):  197-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1631 Abstract + ( 629 )   PDF ( 952KB )   ( 1164 ) The status of some nutrients of 7023 surface soils (0-40 cm) of the orchards in Gutian County, Fujian Province was investigated. The relationships between the nutrients and the main soil properties were discussed. The mean pH of the soils was 5.07 and the mean organic matter content was 25.38 g/kg. The contents of total N, alkali-hydrolysable N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, and available Zn and B were 1.22 g/kg, 143.5 mg/kg, 29.95 mg/kg, 59.3 mg/kg, 226.1 mg/kg, 422.1 mg/kg, 0.15 mg/kg and 1.22 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of the above soil nutrients all increased with the increase in soil organic matter content and soil pH. It is concluded that the orchard soils were excessive in exchangeable Mg and available P, suitable in total N and available Zn, very poor in available K and exchangeable Ca, and poor in available B. Increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil acidity should the fundamental measurements in order to increase the supplying capacity for the soils.

  Fine Assessment of Land Ecological Status in Typical Area 2014, 30 (33):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0790 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 888 ) Estimating the land ecological condition to provide foundation for urban and rural planning and land sustainable use. Taking Shanyang District in Jiaozuo City as an example, land ecological condition of 43 administrative villages was estimated by using ArcGIS software. 5 criterion layers were established including natural basic, ecological construction and protection effect, land pollution and degradation, structural and regional indices. We selected 10 assessment index and 27 meta index to construct the assessment indicator system. Then, this paper took data standardization by range method, determined the weight by entropy method, calculated comprehensive assessment scores of ecological status, and divided this area into 5 levels by scores. It was found that: land of excellent and good ecological condition accounted for 40.5% of the total area, which was mainly distributed in the southern lower altitude and flat region. Poor ecological condition land was distributed in the northern mountainous and hilly region with relatively high altitude, these areas had many coal mining activities, pollution and degradation were evident.

  Analysis of Soil Genesis and Characteristics in Akdala Irrigation Area, Northern Xinjiang 2014, 30 (33):  212-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0705 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 1610 ) Irrigation construction plays an important role in developing agriculture and animal husbandry in northern Xinjiang, because the‘desert oasis irrigation agriculture’is a typical local characteristic, soil conditions of the irrigation area are fundamental to the irrigation district. Therefore, it is of significance to correctly evaluate soil resources in irrigation district in order to ensure a rational development and utilization of water and soil resources and to realize sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The author took Akdala irrigation district in Xinjiang Aletay Area as the research objective, through investigation of soil quality status of the irrigation area, data and sample collection and laboratory analysis, we researched the characteristics, distribution and different types of soil formation of the area. The result showed that, the main soil forming conditions was frozen action, plus effect of wind and temperature change; soil in the irrigation area mainly comprised desert light brown calcic soil and aeolian sandy soil. The sandy soil contained gravel powder - powder fine sandy soil, soil parent material was sand blown by the wind from far; desert light brown calcic soil was mainly fine sand, soil parent material was 3 series sandy and mudstone weathered and carried by flood or remained in situ. In addition, desertification in the researched area has been worsening. The research can provide theoretical and technical basis for the development of irrigation resources in northern Xinjiang.

  Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements and Its Effect on the Quality of Agricultural Products of Zhangye Region 2014, 30 (33):  219-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1220 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 1091KB )   ( 569 ) The available contents of microelements Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B were analyzed in 789 soil samples which were selected from different farm soil of Ganzhou District, Linze County, Gaotai County, Minle County and Sunan County in Zhangye area. The normal distribution test of Normal-QQplot was applied to eliminate 14 abnormal outliers. The 775 remaining data were analyzed using statistical ordinary Kriging interpolation test. In line with the spatial distribution of trace element and nutrient deficient critical value, five kinds of trace elements were divided according to the content spatial-distribution into three levels: rich, balanced and less. On the basis of different levels of fertility and crop nutrient deficiency symptom, the author concluded the influence of different fertility areas on agricultural products quality and put forward corresponding fertilization programs, in order to provide a reference for crop fertilizer application of Zhangye City.

  Improved Method of Measuring Soil Nitrification Activities 2014, 30 (33):  225-229.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0600 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 728KB )   ( 1386 ) In order to unify the measurement conditions of soil nitrification activities and increase the accuracy of results, the optimum culture conditions of suspension method for measuring soil nitrification activities were improved: the pH of the reaction system was 7.5, the substrate concentration of NH4+-N was 100 mg/L, culture temperature was 30℃, culture time was 5 h, and soil nitrification activities was measured after air-dried soil sample pre-cultured for 72 h. The study also aimed at the deficiency of preparation method of NO3--N, and discussed the method of measuring soil nitrification activities by the preparation method of NO2-- N. The method was adding 1 mol/L sodium chlorate 0.2 mL to the reaction system for effective inhibition of NO2- to NO3- oxidation. By comparing different methods, the preparation method of NO2--N was the best method of measuring soil nitrification activities.

  Change Characteristics of Extreme Weather and Climatic Events in Hainan of Qinghai Province in Recent 50 Years 2014, 30 (33):  230-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0968 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 739KB )   ( 1233 ) This paper analyzed the change characteristics of extreme weather and climate events, such as gale, sandstorm, heavy rain, thunderstorm and hail over Hainan area, using the data of annual occurring days of extreme weather and climate events from 5 meteorological stations in Hainan from 1961 to 2010. Statistical methods, such as linear trend, polynomial, Mann-Kendall test and Morlet wavelet analysis were adopted for the study. The results showed that the annual occurring days of some extreme weather events, such as gale, sandstorm, thunderstorm and hail over Hainan in recent 50 years had been obviously decreased, but the heavy rain over Hainan in recent 50 years had been slightly increased, of which the abrupt change of occurrence of thunderstorm, gale, sandstorm and hail occurred around 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Generally, the change frequency of heavy rain was not so obvious. In the early 1990s, the annual occurring days of gale, hail and thunderstorm were decreased, but the heavy rain was increased, in the late 1990s, the annual occurring days of thunderstorm was decreased.

  Analysis of the Variation Characteristics of Chongqing Liangping Maximum and Minimum Temperature in the Past 30 Years 2014, 30 (33):  237-242.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0642 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 835KB )   ( 932 ) This paper analyzes the distribution features of changes of the mean maximum and minimum air temperatures with such methods as linear regression and MK mutation, etc., based on data sets of daily values in ground meteorological data of Liangping, Chongqing (1981-2010). The results show that the annual mean maximum air temperature, annual mean minimum air temperature and annual mean air temperature in Liangping present a trend of linear increase, and all annual mean maximum air temperatures in four seasons show a tendency of increase at different degrees; the increasing tendency of the mean minimum air temperature is: summer＞spring＞autumn＞winter. 1998 is the initial year of mutation for the annual mean maximum air temperature increase, the mutation time of the mean maximum air temperature in four seasons is basically consistent, and the latest mutation appeared at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Remarkable increase of the annual mean air temperature has the biggest positive influence on the mean maximum and minimum air temperatures in the corresponding period. Based on this, the paper provides theoretical basis and reference for development and utilization of agroclimatic resources in Liangping.

  Variation of negative accumulated temperature and its effect from 1970 to 2012 in Shanxi Province 2014, 30 (33):  243-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0706 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 582 ) In this paper, 70 representative meteorological stations were selected over Shanxi province, the absolute value of negative accumulated temperature was computed and its changing trend was analyzed by means of Modern climate statistical methods. The results showed that during the recent 43a,the descending trend of the absolute value of annual negative accumulated temperature and days of daily average temperature<0℃ was significantly，their abrupt change happened in 1987 and 1995 respectively, too. They were relatively low after 1986 and 1995 with a decreasing by 103.4℃ and 10d on average respectively，even warm winter mainly occurred. As a result, the winter wheat cultivable area expanded, in the mean time, it reduced the mortality rate of winter sickness egg (cocoon) and increased its survival quantity, so it is easy to cause plant diseases, increases the preventing and controlling difficult. There are both advantages and disadvantages of change negative accumulated temperature to winter wheat in Shanxi province.

  Characteristics of Inter-annual and Seasonal Changes of Temperature and Precipitation over Shaanxi Province 2014, 30 (33):  248-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0678 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 1414KB )   ( 817 ) In order to identify the responses and change trends of temperature and precipitation in regional area under global climate change, methods of linear trend, 5-years moving average methods, Mann-Kendall nonparametric test, moving t-test were employed to examine temperature and precipitation change trends, mutation in temperature and precipitation at inter-annual and seasonal scales across the Shaanxi Province during 1960 to 2009. Results showed that, the characteristics of temperature at inter-annual and seasonal scale were average temperature of annual, spring, autumn and winter increased significantly, earlier warming mutation in winter and autumn from 1960 to 2009 in Shaanxi Province. The characteristic of precipitation at inter-annual and seasonal scale was annual rainfall, spring rainfall and autumn rainfall reduced significantly, while summer rainfall and winter rainfall increased significantly. And spring rainfall mutation with reducing late, while summer rainfall mutation with increased earlier was characterized. The inter-annual and seasonal change trends of temperature and Precipitation in Shaanxi Province were consistent with the overall trends of climate change in China.

  The Study of Precipitation Trend and Abrupt Change of Different Time Scales of Shenyang 2014, 30 (33):  256-262.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0612 Abstract + ( 695 )   PDF ( 785KB )   ( 574 ) The study aims to analyze stability, change trend and abrupt change characteristics of yearly and seasonal precipitation. Ultimate ratio, standard deviation, climate inclination rate and Mann- Kendall nonparametric test were adopted based on the monthly precipitation from 1951 to 2012 of Dongling District observation station of Shenyang. The results showed that, yearly precipitation of Shenyang was relatively stable with fluctuation of descending trend since 1951. The period from 1953 to 1982 had significant decrease of precipitation and climate inclination rate was -84.822 mm per 10-year. The period from 1983 to 2012 had a slow decrease of precipitation. In 1961, yearly precipitation showed abrupt decrease and then precipitation averagely decreased 146.2 mm. In recent years, precipitation in spring was not stable and precipitation series showed slightly increase but no abrupt change. Precipitation in summer was relatively stable with a decreasing trend. Inclination rate was -15.916 mm per 10-year. In 1961, precipitation showed abrupt decrease and then precipitation averagely decreased 120.0 mm. Precipitation in autumn was very unstable with a slightly decreasing trend. It showed no abrupt change. Precipitation in winter was unstable with a slightly increasing trend. It showed obvious increase for approximate 20 years. In 2004, precipitation showed abrupt increase and then precipitation showed average increase of 14.7 mm. Before 1982, yearly precipitation and precipitation in summer and winter decreased obviously, after 1983, changes were relatively stable. After 1996, precipitation in winter and spring shows increasing trend.

  Analysis on Precipitation & Drought during Maize Production Period in West Liaoning Area 2014, 30 (33):  263-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0825 Abstract + ( 554 )   PDF ( 683KB )   ( 495 ) To serve for disaster prevention and mitigation and ensure grain production safety, the paper adopted atmospheric precipitation data in three cities of Chaoyang, Fuxin and Huludao from 1953 to 2013, and applied methods of variation trend, variability rate, standard deviation, crop drought index etc., to analyze the ample-deficient relation of precipitation and water requirement and drought frequency in West Liaoning area during maize production period. The result shows that: from 1953 to 2013, the precipitation has shown an increasing trend during maize seeding to elongation stage, a trend of significant decrease during elongation stage to mature period. In recent 10 a, the precipitation was reduced 62.0 mm during flowering stage and 64.2 mm in all growth period. Water requirement of maize in all growth period was bigger than average rainfall while in the 61 a, amply rainfall accounted for 47.5% and deficient rainfall accounted for 52.5%. West Liaoning area in maize all growth period belonged to semi-arid climatic zone with 37.7% of the time in a year was semi-arid.Among which, drought frequency during seeding to emergence period was the highest (55.7%), followed by the elongation to flowering period (34.4%); and drought frequency was the lowest during flowering to mature period and emergency to elongation period which was 16.4% and 13.1%, respectively . The recent 10a crop drought index has been upgraded from semi-arid to arid; the drought frequency has obviously increased. Under the situation of growing agricultural arid tendency, adjustment of crop structure should be speeded up and groundwater resources should be made full use to complement insufficient rainfall so as to reduce drought damages.

  Advances in Precision Agriculture-based Wireless Sensor Networks 2014, 30 (33):  268-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1155 Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 508KB )   ( 867 ) Wireless sensor network is an integrated multidisciplinary technology combined by sensors, microprocessors and wireless communication technologies. It’s a hot research topic in the field of information nowadays. This paper described the research status of wireless sensor network and reviewed its characteristics and architecture. Moreover, we focused on the applications of wireless sensor network in precision agriculture and summarized its developing tendency. Internet of things of agriculture based on wireless sensor network technology was supposed to be the development direction of precision agriculture.

  Research on the Relationship Between Agricultural Information and Urban Agriculture Economic Growth 2014, 30 (33):  273-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0787 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 532KB )   ( 500 ) Through the universal application of information technology and intelligence tools, agricultural information not only promotes the development of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, but also promotes the economic growth of urban agriculture based on rural service. With Beijing agricultural information development, we propose a non-weight agricultural information index model based on the analytic hierarchy process. The relationship of agricultural information and urban agricultural economic growth can make some positive measures to further accelerate the economic development of peri-urban agriculture.

  A Review of Remote Sensing Application in Crop Type Discrimination 2014, 30 (33):  278-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0380 Abstract + ( 3702 )   PDF ( 572KB )   ( 1005 ) Timely crop planting acreage and yield information are important basis for researching regional balance of food supplies, predicting overall agricultural productivity and population carrying capacity. Remote sensing technology has become an important means to extract crop acreage, while the prerequisite is crop type discrimination. In order to illuminate the current status of research in this field at home and abroad, based on the remote sensing application in crop type discrimination, this paper firstly introduced the remote sensing data commonly used in crop type discrimination researches, including Landsat satellite imagery, meteorological satellite imagery, high resolution imagery, hyperspectral remote sensing imagery, and microwave remote sensing imagery, then further analyzed the advantages, disadvantages and practicability of each type of remote sensing data. Moreover, this paper summarized three types of crop type discrimination methods based on remote sensing, namely, the methods based on spectral characteristic, those based on phenology differences and the combination of both methods, and analyzed the characteristics of various methods. Finally this paper pointed out and discussed the current problems in the crop type remote sensing discrimination researches, for instance, the balance of image spatial resolution and price, comprehensive application of multi- resolution remote sensing data, the impact of phenological differences on crop type discrimination, etc. The author considered that the combination of different resolution remote sensing data could compensate for their lack; temporal selection of remote sensing images was the key to improve the discrimination accuracy; in addition, more interpretation signs need to be applied besides spectrum and phenology. Therefore, the author recommended further development crop discrimination mechanism and multi-scale image data fusion method, making research results more accurate and practical. The study could provide the references for the remote sensing crop type discrimination in-depth research.

  Analysis and Developing Strategy for Document Delivery of the National Agricultural Library 2014, 30 (33):  286-295.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0577 Abstract + ( 654 )   PDF ( 873KB )   ( 1327 ) Document delivery is a basic way of resource sharing strategy to meet user needs. This paper described the current situation of the National Agricultural Library document delivery, summarized the features of document delivery in National Agricultural Library, analyzed the challenges, such as the strengthening of intellectual property rights and the diversification of literature acquisition way, and the problems, including low satisfaction rate of document delivery, imperfect document information management, high cost of document delivery and insufficient propaganda. This paper put forward some proposals and development countermeasures, for example, to avoid copyright issues, develop characteristic agricultural literature and network database, conduct user survey for reasonably pricing, expand the literature sources, establish document delivery data filing system, carry out wide range of propaganda and training, and improve professional quality of staffs to meet the needs of readers.

  The Benefit Evaluation of Rural Informatization in Tianshui City Based on DEA 2014, 30 (33):  296-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1203 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 585KB )   ( 429 ) In order to obtain input- output adjustment scheme, the authors took counties and districts in Tianshui city as the evaluation units to measure the informatization benefit by establishing rural informatization input-output evaluation index system of Tianshui City and using the C2R model of Data Envelopment Analysis. The results showed that:(1) Maiji, Qinzhou, Qin’an and Gangu County were DEA effective, Wushan, Qingshui and Zhangjiachuan County were DEA ineffective; (2) economic scales of Maiji, Qinzhou, Qin’an and Gangu County were invariant, while that of Wushan, Qingshui and Zhangjiachuan County were increasing; (3) for ineffective DEA counties, the input should be reduced to make the benefits turn to the best state through the model correction.

  Land Consolidation Potential of Rural Housing Land in China 2014, 30 (33):  301-307.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0611 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 608KB )   ( 566 ) Due to the lack of land use type of rural housing land in the current land use classification system in China, the land consolidation potential of rural housing land (LCPL) in China is deficiency, against the work arrangement of land consolidation of rural housing land. The author established three methods to calculate the LCPL in China, i.e. method of modifying the land consolidation potential of rural settlement, method of rural housing land standard per farm household and method of shrinking rural population. Method of modifying the land consolidation potential of rural settlement showed that the LCPL in China in 2020 was about 239.05×104 hm2. Results of methods of rural housing land standard per farm household and shrinking rural population were about 597.50×104 hm2 and 130.36×104 hm2 respectively. Method of rural housing land standard per farm household obviously overestimated the LCPL in China due to not considering the natural, economic and social limitations in land consolidation process of rural housing land. After a comprehensive modification, LCPL calculated by this method decreased to 191.20×104 hm2. Taking into full accounts of the three methods’results, LCPL in China in 2020 would be about 200×104 hm2. In spatial, LCPL in eastern and central China was high while LCPL in northeastern and western China was low. Among different provinces, LCPL in Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning and Heilongjiang was high, while that in Tibet, Qinghai, Shanghai, Fujian and Hainan was low.

  Credit Management Mechanism and Strategic Analysis of Establishment and Operation of Agricultural Supply Chain Brand System 2014, 30 (33):  308-312.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0752 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 489KB )   ( 753 ) Based on brand awareness of the establishment and operation of agricultural supply chain system, mechanism analysis and impact factor analysis, the authors adopted deductive reasoning, systems analysis, decision analysis, innovative ideas and other methods, to analyze, design and sorting conventional process of the establishment and operation of the agricultural supply chain brands system, clarify key issues which need to be addressed in the process and propose specific strategies to guide the establishment and operation of agricultural supply chain brand system.

  Empirical Analysis on the Rural Financial Resources Allocation Efficiency in Hei Longjiang Province 2014, 30 (33):  313-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0837 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 648KB )   ( 427 ) According to the theory of financial development, the development of financial markets can improve capital allocation efficiency and lead to economic growth. In market economy, with the improvement of financial efficiency of resource allocation, rationalization and optimization of the financial resources allocation play an increasingly obvious role in promoting and supporting the rural economy, and to a certain extent, determine the speed and efficiency of rural economic development. The paper adopts Jeffrey Wurgle model, uses the unit root test, co-integration test and Granger causality test methods to conduct the empirical research on rural resources allocation efficiency of Heilongjiang province. The results show that the efficiency of rural resource allocation is low, and agricultural loan does not drive the growth of the added value of agriculture, and the financial support in agriculture does not pull the growth of agricultural output. On the basis of discussing the causes of the low efficiency of resource allocation in rural financial in Heilongjiang province, this thesis put forwards corresponding countermeasures and uggestions, and has important practical significance for strengthening macroeconomic regulation and control in Heilongjiang province, and promoting sustainable and coordinated development of the rural economy.