Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the main pollutants in the aquaculture pond sediment, a large number of microorganisms in sediments and secretion of alkaline phosphatase is the main way to degrade organophosphorus. Measuring and comparing the phosphorus content in different regions of the breeding pond sediment helps to understand and grasp the aquaculture ponds phosphorus pollution condition in our country.Studying the correlation between phosphorus content and alkaline phosphatase activity in sediment is meaningful for realizing the conversion and migration mechanisms of phosphorus. This research measured the TP content and alkaline phosphatase activity of sediments in tilapia aquaculture ponds in Jiangsu and Yunnan Province, compared the differences among various indicators, and analyzed the correlation of total phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase based on data basis. Results showed that: the TP content and alkaline phosphataseactivity of the two sample groups in Jiangsu province’s ponds were 0.116% and 0.176%, 1329.2 mg/(kg·24 h) and 1539.1 mg/(kg·24 h); the TP content and alkaline phosphatase activity of the samples in Yunnan province were 1.22%, 2467.7 mg/(kg·24 h). The TP content of Yunnan province’s sample was 10-20 times higher than that of Jiangsu province’s, and also significantly higher than that of other regions’. The alkaline phosphatase activity of Yunnan province’s samples was about 2 times of that of Jiangsu province’s samples. The change trend of the three groups’total phosphorus content and phosphatase activity data are consistent, which have significantly positive relation, but have no linear relationship.