Abstract: The study aims to summarize the wheat survey of popularized varieties in Anhui and provide reference for producing high quality special- purpose wheat as well as exploring varieties of outstanding economical and quality characters. The authors used the lichen phenol- hydrochloric acid and the nearinfrared grain analyzer to measure some quality and economical characters of 10 popularized wheat varieties in wheat planting areas of Anhui. The result indicated that the difference of the water-soluble pentosan content in different varieties achieved extremely remarkable level, the difference between non-water-soluble pentosan content and total pentosan content was not remarkable, the difference of the height, ear long, total spikelet number, thousand seeds weight and degree of hardness achieved extremely remarkable level in different varieties, the difference of ear seed numbers in different varieties was remarkable, the difference of the sterile spikelet numbers, protein, wet gluten and subsidence value content in different varieties was not remarkable.