Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.34 Published:10 March 2015

  Present Research on Apple Pollination in China 2014, 30 (34):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2070 Abstract + ( 960 )   Apple is the most important cultivation fruits in China. However, the lower average yield per unit area, a small proportion of optimal fruits and poor fruit quality have seriously restricted our competitiveness in the international market at present. Although, artificial pollination can improve the yield of apple, the cost is increasing. Alternatively, pollinators play an irreplaceable role in boosting the yield, particularly the ratio of optimal fruits, but their numbers in nature are gross shortage for recent years. Consequently it is impossible for meeting the demand of large scale development of apple industry. It is an important approach to ensure the sustainable development of apple industry through popularizing honeybees or mason bees for apple pollination and further researching on the artificial domesticating soil- nesting bees and leaf cutting bees as apple pollinators. Meanwhile, one must consider the arrangement of main and pollenizer varieties in an orchard. The author reviewed on floral traits, pollination patterns, pollinating insects as well as the influencing factors of pollination effect for apple. Based on what mentioned above, the author gave several suggestions for future studying on apple pollination. It was hoped that these information was benefit for improving apple production and fruit quality.

  Effects of Light on Anthocyanin Synthesis in Plants 柯燚,艾万峰,李梦春,金韬 and 郑丽 2014, 30 (34):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2295 Abstract + ( 930 )   Anthocyanin decides the color of fruits, flowers and the leaf of colored-leaf plants, it has attracted wide attention by its important value on the ornamental plant. There are some comprehensive descriptions of the environmental factors’influence on anthocyanin synthesis in recent years, but a more systematic and in- depth discussion for the light effects on anthocyanin is still lacking. Based on the relative literatures in recent years and the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in plant, the paper reviews the effect of illumination time, different light quality and light intensity on plant anthocyanin synthesis. The results show that: longer illumination time, stronger illumination intensity and blue and ultraviolet light are favorable and effective to the biosynthesis, stabilization and accumulation of anthocyanins in most of plants. This paper also analyzes the problems unsolved in this field, some suggestions about further researches on anthocyanin are put forward.

  Effects of Different Substrates of Antagonistic Bacteria Fermentation Liquid Treatments on Nutrient Absorption of Banana Seedlings 柯春亮 2014, 30 (34):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1470 Abstract + ( 887 )   The objective of this study is to investigate the nutrient absorption effects of compound fermentation liquid adding antagonistic bacteria 4-L-16 and T3-G-59 into 6 substrates on banana seedling. The effect fermentation liquid with antagonistic bacteria (4-L-16, T3-G-59) and without antagonistic bacteria (4-L-16, T3-G-59) on N, P, K, Ca, Mg accumulation of banana seedlings were analyzed under the potted condition. The results showed that all kinds of the fermentation liquids produced from different substrates played positive roles on the absorption of N, P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg. Further more, the fermentation liquid with the antagonistic bacteria added in them had much more significant effects on the absorption of P2O5, K2O, Mg rather than the ones without, but had no significant effects on the absorption of N and Ca. From the experiment we concluded that bean cake, peanut cake or rapeseed cake could be the best fermentation substrates for 4-L-16 and T3-G-59.

  Cloning and Bioinformatic Analysis of CBF1 Gene in Amygdalus communis 2014, 30 (34):  16-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1877 Abstract + ( 865 )   The AcCBF1 gene was cloned and analyzed in order to identify the role of CBF transcription factors in plant resistance of Amygdalus communis. The CBF1 homologue gene named YZ- AcCBF1 (Genbank Accession No. KJ818900) was isolated from‘Yingzui’(Amygdalus communis) with the technology and method of PCR. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the open reading frame was 729 bp in full- length and encodedaprotein of 242 amino acids. The molecular formula was C1195H1886N346O368S13, and its relative molecular mass was approximately 27.405 kDa and isoelectric point was 7.69. This protein was an instable protein whose deduced half-life was 30 h. Its fat factor was 63.72 and the average of hydrophobic was -0.646. Subcellular localization analysis showed that AcCBF1 protein was localized in the nucleus, it was not a secreted protein but the hydrophilic protein and the transmembrane domain did not exist. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AcCBF1 encode protein showed the highest similarity with Prunus persica (AGS13699). The prediction of secondary structure of protein indicated that the encoded protein mainly contain 26.86% ofα- helices and 58.68% of the random coil. Three- dimensional structure predicted that AcCBF1 protein confirmed the characteristics of AP2 domain model.

  Studies on Longan Production Development Situation of Fujian Province from 1976 to 2010 2014, 30 (34):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1947 Abstract + ( 889 )   Using Fujian Agricultural Production Statistics，Rural Statistical Yearbook of Fujian Province, Fujian Rural Economic Yearbook and Fujian Economic and Social Statistical Yearbook as statistical materials, the productions and acreages of longan in Fujian Province in every 5 years were statistical analyzed since 1976 to 2010. The results showed that longan was a special local variety of Fujian Province, which mostly planted in costal areas. In 1976, the proportion of production and acreage of logan in Fujian costal areas accounted for 89.13% and 95.83%, respectively, of the total values in Fujian Province. After 35 years’ development, in 2010, the production and acreage of logan were 51.9 thousand hm2 and 192.4 thousand tons, and the production and acreage in costal areas were slightly reduced to 73.88% and 79.82%, respectively. The proportion of longan production and acreage in Quanzhou, Putian and Xiamen were significantly declined in 2010 compared with that in 1976. Meanwhile, the proportion of longan production in Fuzhou, Zhangzhou and Ningde steadily increased after 35 years’ development. A comparison of the change of longan yield in Fujian coastal areas showed that longan had a common phenomenon of alternate bearing. Compared with 1976, the yield of Quanzhou and Xiamen declined obviously.

  The Effects of Biochar Complex Fertilizer Under Different Temperatures on the Yield and Nitrate Content of Brassica chinensis and Raphanus sativus var. radculus 2014, 30 (34):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1511 Abstract + ( 1063 )   It is a long-term task for modern agriculture to develop innovative fertilizer and enhance the use efficiency of mineral nutrients. Granular fertilizer was made by mixing maize straw biochar produced at different temperatures with NPK mineral fertilizers. A field test on moisture soil was set up in order to investigate the effects of biochar-complex fertilizer on the yields and nitrate content of the cabbage and radish. The results showed that the biochar complex fertilizer could significantly enhance the concentrations of soil available P and K by 14%- 61% and 3%- 29% respectively, compared with common chemical complex fertilizer. The fresh biomass of Brassica chinensis had an increase of 21%-93%. The contents of N and K in the cabbage were lifted by 3%-64% and 39%-41% respectively. The fresh biomass of Raphanus sativus var. radculus was increased by 20%- 45% . But the concentrations of NPK were similar in the radish of all the treatments (P>0.05). The nitrate concentration of the fresh biomass was significantly higher in both vegetables under the treatment of 500℃biocar-complex fertilizer. Fortunately, the nitrate concentration was far below the limit of direct eligible vegetable and didn’t decrease the quality of these two vegetables. Generally, the biochar produced at high temperature had much stronger impacts on soil and plants.

  Effect of Foliar Spray Treatment with Growth Regulator on Sugarbeet Paper-tube Seedlings Under Cold Stress 宋柏权, 杨骥 and 於丽华 2014, 30 (34):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1073 Abstract + ( 1147 )   To explore the effect of spraying S- ABA and brassinolide treatment on the cold resistance of sugarbeet, leaves were sprayed with S- ABA and brassinolide (BR) on paper- tube seedlings, plants were treated under 5℃at night, relative electric conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyl and the soluble sugar content were studied. The results showed that S-ABA and BR treatment delayed the increase of REC, MDA content and the soluble sugar content, and increased content of chlorophyll. These above results indicated growth regulator treatment could reduce the reaction of membrane lipid peroxidation and the infiltration of membrane, and thus decrease the damage under low temperature in paper-tube seedlings.

  Effects of Salt Stress on Seeds Germination of Coreopsis tinctoria. 许红军 2014, 30 (34):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1613 Abstract + ( 1256 )   The effects of NaCl, Na2SO4 and 2:7:1 (NaCl+Na2SO4+Na2CO3) under different concentration on the seeds germination of Coreopsis tinctoria was studied. The results showed that the germination index, germination potential and germination rate of Coreopsis tinctoria seeds decreased obviously under the stress of test salts; moreover, the inhibition was strengthened with the increase in the concentrations of salts stress. Compared the inhibition showed that mixed salt>NaCl>Na2SO4. The suitable salt concentration for Coreopsis tinctoria seed germination was 0.78% NaCl, 0.84% Na2SO4 and 0.15% mixed salt; the half lethal concentration and fatal concentration of NaCl, Na2SO4 and mixed salt was respectively 1.34%, 1.41%, 0.89% and 2.23%, 2.31%, 2.08%. Research also showed that after relieve the salt stress, seeds of Coreopsis tinctoria still had high germination rate.

  Advanced Research on Male Sterility of Plant 刘淑娟, 朱祺, 幸学俊, 王碧琴 and 余发新 2014, 30 (34):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2596 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 703 ) The influence factors of plant male sterility were system reviewed in this paper, including genetics, pollen development in various periods mutations were likely to cause male sterility; the metabolism related enzymes, especially the active oxygen scavenging enzymes, such as peroxidase, catalase and cytochrome oxidase, etc; the hormones include auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene, etc; the content of mineral elements, soluble sugar and protein; the external environment factors, such as temperature, illumination condition, etc. Influencing factors on plant male sterility were summarized for providing a theoretical basis for male sterility depth study.

  Research on Effect on Biological Characteristics and Virulence of Beauveria bassianaInduced by Periostracum Cicadae 关兵兵, 王冰, 刘艳微, 孟鑫睿, 李晓慧, 张佳诗, 徐文静, 李启云, 冯树丹 and 张正坤 2014, 30 (34):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1289 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 414 ) Improved medium contained Periostracum Cicadae was used to induce the entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana, with the PDA medium as control. The growth rate, sporlation, spores germination and virulence against the third?instar?larva of Ostrinia nubilalis of the fungus were compared on both medium. The results indicated that sporlation, spores germination and bioactivity against pests induced by P. Cicadae were higher than that of the control, respectively, and showed significant difference. LT50 of fungus induced by P. Cicadae against the pests was 4.73 days, and that of the control was 6.97 days. In addition, the sporulation time of the fungus induced and extracellular protease activity by improved medium was better than those of control group, The variation range of extracellular protease activity by improved medium was 1.497×10-2-3.538×10-2 IU/mL, but trowth rate of the former was lower than that of the later. In conclusion, the sporlation, spores germination, and virulence against pests were enhanced by P. Cicadae induction, it was potential for storage and improvement of B. bassiana strain.

  Optimization for the Extraction Process of Levodopa from Broad Bean Flowers 吴凌云 and 郑开斌 2014, 30 (34):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2504 Abstract + ( 935 )   In order to improve the extraction rate of levodopa from broad bean flowers, the extraction process was optimized by heating reflux extraction. Through single factor and orthogonal test design, the effects of the ratio of liquid to material, solvent pH and extraction time on the extraction yield of levodopa from broad bean flowers were investigated. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as follow: the ratio of liquid to material 20:1, solvent pH 4.5, extraction time 2 h. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction rate of levodopa was 3.67%, which was 3.67% higher than cold maceration. The ethanol was used to adjust the pH value of solvent in the process, which could inhibit the precipitation of the water soluble impurities. The impurity components were less in the extract and the separation of levodopa and impurities was good by HPLC, so it’s conducive to the further purification of levodopa. The study can provide a technical basis for the industrial extraction of levodopa from broad bean flowers.

  Analysis and Study of the Soil Resource Akdala Irrigation District in Aletai Area of Xinjiang 2014, 30 (34):  61-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0847 Abstract + ( 700 )   Construction of irrigation is important in development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the northern Xinjiang. Because the‘desert oasis irrigation agriculture’is a typical characteristic, soil conditions of the irrigation area play a fundamental role. Therefore, correct evaluation of soil resources in irrigation district can ensure the rational development and utilization of water and soil resource and sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. In this paper, taking Xinjiang Aletay area akdala irrigation district as the research object, through investigation of the soil quality status of irrigation area, data collection, sample collection and laboratory analysis, the author analyzed the soil fertility, nutrient, salinity and variation of trace elements. The coefficient of the classification and evaluation of soil resources in Xinjiang was adopted to make a quantitative evaluation of the comprehensive quality of irrigated soil. The results proved that the area was suitable for agriculture development and optimum for animal husbandry development, and the study could provide technical references for irrigation planning, construction and management in arid desert area in the northern Xinjiang.

  Land Use and Cover Change in Hubei Han River Ecological Economic Zone 2014, 30 (34):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2146 Abstract + ( 1518 )   Spatial evolution of China’s regional economy has a close correlation with sustainable economic and social development, so it is of important implications to explore land use and cover change for the future. We selected the area of Hubei Han River typical ecological and economic zone, which was in the central region of China’s industrial development and ecological protection, to analyze three basic periods remote sensing image supervised classification in the year of 2000, 2007, and 2013 with RS technology. We also used the index of land dynamic, the integrated land use degree index, the relative rate of change of a single land-use and other mathematical models to quantitatively analyze the land use pattern and temporal evolution of features in Han River ecological and economic zone for about 13 years. It showed that: land use structure along Han River in Hubei was ecologically and economically unstable from 2000-2013. Han River ecological economic zone arable land had decreased 10256.4756 km2 in recent 13 years. From land-use transfer matrix analysis, arable land mainly turned to woodland. And from remote sensing image comparison, arable land around the city was eroded by urban construction, and the water region was changed in the minimum. From the single dynamic analysis of land use, land for construction was changed dramatically from 2007 to 2013, and the dynamic level was 4.826%. From the aspects of regional variations, land use was significantly changed around prefecture cities (provincial cities). The change rate of the water region was larger in Hanyang and Qianjiang, but the change rate in Shennongjia Scenic was the least.

  Health Assessment on Land Use System of the Arid Area of Northwest Based on Improved PSR Model: A Case Study of Yumen City 2014, 30 (34):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1292 Abstract + ( 1215 )   On the basis of the concept of domestic PSR model, combining the features of the arid area of northwest land-use and actual situation, the authors established the land-use system health evaluation systems based on improved PSR model with the data from 2001 to 2010. Quantitative research methods, such as entropy, linear weighting method and obstacles diagnostics etc., were used to evaluate the health of Yumen land-use systems. The results showed that: (1) combined with the features of the arid area of northwest land-use and actual situation, the improved PSR model, arid land use system health evaluation system and the evaluation results were coincide with the actual situation of the study area; (2) the Yumen land use system health level was continuously improved from 2001 to 2010, its composite index rose from 0.2510 to 0.7027, health level was gradually upgraded from‘unhealthy’to‘sub-health state’; (3) barriers to healthy land use systems focused on aspects of the system response and the system state, major factors included the proportion of construction land, environmental pollution control investment growth rate, per capita construction land, handling rate of illegal land use cases, per capita net income of farmers and so on; (4) to improve the system of land-use health standards, it must be based on the results of the evaluation of the land use system health, adhered to the scientific concept of development, adjusted to the industrial restructuring and further transform the economic development way.

  Social Impact Assessment of Land Consolidation Project Based on System Dynamics and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation 张庶,金晓斌, and 2014, 30 (34):  81-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0896 Abstract + ( 962 )   The purpose of this paper was to analyze social impact of land consolidation project with causal loop diagram in the system dynamics, and assess its level by means of AHP and fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Methods of system dynamics, AHP and fuzzy synthetic evaluation were employed in this paper. By taking the land consolidation project as an example, comprehensive evaluation of the results about the social impact of the project’s success degree was ‘basic success’, ‘social efficiency’ of the project had the best success degree, and then was ‘social equity’, and the last one was ‘the sustainable development of society’. The influential factors and pathways of the social impact in the land consolidation were analyzed by using the theory of system dynamics; the related social impact through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was assessed, and the research results could put forward recommendations for practical work about social impact assessment of land reclamation projects in the future.

  Analysis and Forecast of Cultivated Land in Henan Province Under the Pressure of Food Security 夏淼, 李双奎, 张越 and 吴清韶 2014, 30 (34):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1114 Abstract + ( 690 )   In this paper, the authors analyzed the dynamic changes of cultivated land resource in Henan Province during 2002 to 2012 and used the GM(1,1) model to predict the changes of the land pressure indexes in the next 10 years. The results show that in the past few years, the pressure indexes of cultivated land are declining, although a certain amount of cultivated land is occupied with the economic growth of the central China. The main reasons are: the grain productivity is improving and the management efforts of cultivated land are effective with land reclamation techniques. In the next decade, the cultivated land pressure indexes will be reduced and the food supply is greater than demand, which can achieve food security.

  Study on Arable Land Production Potential:Taking Xinzheng City as An Example 余润鹏,袁俊芳 and 朱嘉伟 2014, 30 (34):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1734 Abstract + ( 690 )   In order to improve utilization of land resources in Xinzheng City, the paper used gradual reduction model of the mechanism method to quantitatively estimate the production potential of land resources of Xinzheng City and to modify climate productive potential with the PI index of land productivity index model for soil correction coefficient, and used production potential index to evaluate arable land productivity level. The results showed that, soil correction coefficient of all towns in Xinzheng City reached an average of 0.54, arable land potential productivity reached an average of 19393.84 kg/hm2, and production potential indexes reached an average of 47.39%, so there is still considerable land production potential to be exploited.

  Dynamic Change of Vegetation and Its Response to Climatic Factors in Pan-Hexi Region 张福平, 许晓霞, 苏玉波 and 魏永芬 2014, 30 (34):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1109 Abstract + ( 1046 )   In this paper, the change of vegetation in Pan-Hexi Region were extracted using MODIS NDVI data from 2002 to 2012, and its response to climate change was analyzed, combined with precipitation and temperature data, which were acquired from 22 meteorological stations. The results showed that: increasing area of NDVI accounted for 71.07% of all area, and decreasing area accounted for 28.93%; area of vegetation coverage tended to be better was significantly larger than that tended to be deteriorated in the region in recent 11 years. Inter-annual vegetation change was greatly affected by precipitation than by temperature, the coefficient of correlation between NDVI and precipitation in three seasons were greater than that between NDVI and temperature. That is to say, vegetation change in Pan-Hexi Region is more sensitive to precipitation than to temperature.

  Typical Grassland CO2 Fluxes in Response to Environmental Factors 2014, 30 (34):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1425 Abstract + ( 730 )   In order to accurately estimate and evaluate grassland ecosystem carbon/sink and provide a scientific basis for rational utilization of grassland resources, the author used the eddy covariance method to analyze the day Xilinhaote steppe ecosystem CO2 flux changes, changes of CO2 fluxes at different growth stages and the relationship between pasture and environmental factors. The results showed that the grassland ecosystem CO2 flux had obvious diurnal variation, absorbed CO2 during the day and had mainly nocturnal emission performance of respiratory CO2, changes was relatively stable in the night than during the day. CO2 flux had the consistent trend in cloudy and sunny days, but greater change in cloudy days than in sunny days. At different forage growth stages and under different weather backgrounds, diurnal variations of CO2 fluxes are different. CO2 flux was greater in sunny days than in cloudy days, but no matter sunny or cloudy, stage of turning green, yellow and withered were the source of atmospheric CO2, and flowering period was atmospheric CO2 sinks. Net absorption of CO2 fluxes of flowering period was significantly higher than that of the early flowering period and wilting period, and CO2 respiration fluxes of wilting was significantly higher than that of the initial growing period and flowering period. Therefore, CO2 flux of different growth stages is closely related to PAR intensity, the average temperature , average surface temperature, 5 cm equally modest average wind speed and other environmental factors .

  Research Progresses of Rural Regional-System Degradation 2014, 30 (34):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0971 Abstract + ( 770 )   While rural residents moved to city with rapid urbanization, numerous village houses were idled or abandoned, which was called village‘hollowing’. The essence of villages hollowing was rural regional-system degradation (RRSD) characterized by plummeted population, economic recession and landscape degeneration. This paper defined RRSD, summarized the achievements of characteristics, causes, impacts, land consolidations and research methods and concluded that study area should be expanded, research vision was narrow, comprehensive research methods were infrequent, 3S technology application was insufficient and countermeasures were not systematic. Finally, some research focuses, such as case study on mountainous area, coupling mechanism between villages hollowing and RRSD, reconstruction strategies of degraded rural regional system, interdisciplinary research and systems integration were proposed.

  Reviews of the Affecting Factors and Comparison Study on Methods for Grass Crown Interception 2014, 30 (34):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0841 Abstract + ( 825 )   Rainfall interception was the first redistribution of rainfall and was also one of the important hydrological elements. At present, arbor trees are the main object of the researches on vegetation interception, while studies on lawn grass canopy interception are few. In view of the present situation and the problems about the turf grass canopy interception, the paper reviewed the research progress of grass canopy interception from two aspects: main factors (the amount of rainfall, rainfall intensity, leaf area or leaf area index etc.) affecting the grass canopy interception and the methods for determination of grass canopy interception and device. Analysis showed that: the influencing factors of grass grown interception was mainly based on the condition of rainfall, leaf area index and grass coverage, as well as the grass characteristics, while studies on the effect of comprehensive interaction between each factor were few; accuracy and applicability of method for the determination were largely limited .

  Analysis of the Domestic Research Situation of the Ecosystem Service Value of Watersheds 2014, 30 (34):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1468 Abstract + ( 642 )   Under the background of global warming, ecosystem service value of watershed is the key to the regional sustainable development evaluation study, which has become the main problem of public concern. Nowadays, watershed ecosystem?has special ecological significance?for pattern, structure and composition of the whole ecological system. The study on ecosystem services value of watershed is convenient for us to understand the basin scale development direction of the ecological environment, to improve the ecological protection consciousness and to explore the problem. Therefore, the paper expounds estimation method, the object of study and research trend of temporal and spatial variation of the current domestic ecosystem service value. Additionally, the general situation is summarized and it aims to provide new ideas for ecological service value for the future research.

  Ecological Risk Management of Flood and Drought Disasters in Henan Province 王磊 2014, 30 (34):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1333 Abstract + ( 857 )   Henan Province is the biggest grain and agricultural province in China, but has many kinds of natural disasters of large damage. In particular, there are high frequency of flood and drought, which have caused heavy damage and loss. Taking two kinds of natural disasters as risk sources, using AHP method and GIS technique, by constructing integrated assessment model of ecological risk and computing integrated ecological risk value, the research firstly assessed ecological risk of flood and drought disasters in Henan Province, Then, by overlaying the geographical integrated division and assessed results in order to reduce risk of flood and drought disasters, at last, corresponding risk management countermeasures were put forward respectively aiming at the highest risk region in the central Henan Province, higher risk region in the east Henan Province, medium risk region in the north Henan Province, lower and the lowest risk region and lower risk region in the west and south Henan Province.

  Temporal-spatial Variation of Vegetation Coverage Around Hebei Area Based on the NOAA AVHRR Data 向亮, 吴云龙 and 李静 2014, 30 (34):  133-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2372 Abstract + ( 742 )   Based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data of 83 sites in the Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei Region during recent 29 years (1982-2010), temporal and spatial variations of vegetation cover of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were studied. The climate tendency rate, correlation analysis, empirical orthogonal function EOF decomposition methods were taken to analyze the basic characteristics of vegetation coverage of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from the month, season and year time scale and spatial scale, a detailed analysis. The results showed that : (1) in recent 29 years, vegetation coverage of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region had a slight increase in the overall trend with heavy inter-annual fluctuations; spring vegetation coverage increased most obviously, followed by that of autumn and winter, summer vegetation change rate and the annual variation had the strongest correlation; vegetation growth period of vegetation coverage were mainly from April to June, the highest growth rate occurred in July, August, October and November had decreasing trends; (2) vegetation distribution of the entire research area had great differences, southern Hebei and northeastern Beijing along Yanshan mountain had the best vegetation coverage (NDVI mean>0.4), low value area are mainly located in northern Zhangjiakou, which Zhangjiakou Kangbao station, its annual average NDVI value was 0.15, the lowest in the study area; EOF analysis showed that, the whole Research area vegetation increased significantly in the region of southern Hebei, the time coefficient showed that vegetation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region increased during 1982-1999, decreased during 2000-2002 and increased significantly during 2003-2010.

  Study on Drought Monitoring and Evaluation System in Benxi Area 何平, 杨永生, 宋冀凤 and 贺明慧 2014, 30 (34):  140-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1336 Abstract + ( 909 )   In the context of global warming, drought has become one of the main meteorological disasters in Benxi Area. This paper built‘Benxi area drought monitoring and evaluation system’by using modern technologies like VB 6.0 and Access database management. The system included 5 parts: the climate database subsystem climate impact of objective evaluation subsystem, the drought index library, history database query subsystem of drought disasters and drought product service subsystem. The system is available for automatic calculation of atmospheric drought Z index and agricultural drought index of theβ model, and can realize the support to whole regional drought monitoring, analysis and evaluation. This system can work in the field to provide rich graphics, tables, and text data information for the atmosphere and agricultural drought monitoring and evaluation, provide scientific basis for the decision-making of agricultural production.

  Anhui Huaibei Regional Rainstorm Circulation Features and Causes of Large Scale Analysis 胡姗姗,刘倪,贾天山,熊世为 and 沈安云 2014, 30 (34):  144-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1229 Abstract + ( 883 )   Analysis of 25 regional rainstorm in Anhui Huaibei area from May to September during 1960- 2010 showed that: Huaibei regional rainstorm flood time evolution had‘early July to late August’feature. The EOF analysis found that features the regional rainstorm in Huaibei large scale circulation were two ridges and two grooves. The rainstorm area is located in the south side of the entrance of the upper westerly jet and low-level vortex convergence center southeast side, closed the meridional vertical circulation ascending branch. The cold air from high layer and the upper cold air intrusion, with high value of potential vorticity column form downward intrusion. The rainstorm area is located in the center of the vertical velocity and moist potential vorticity negative center north, vertical direction is moist potential vorticity positive and negative overlapping situation, and the low layer baroclinic convective instability and the high-level unstably combined, enhanced the atmospheric instability is proved to be a major cause of regional rainstorm in Huaibei.

  The Effect of Secondary Circulation on Two Coastal Windy Weather Processes in Liaoning 黄阁, 梁寒, 陆井龙 and 盛永 2014, 30 (34):  153-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1291 Abstract + ( 955 )   With the rapid economic development of central yellow sea region，severe weather occurs frequently and have serious influence on transportation, fishery, etc. So, it is of significant importance to improve the forecast ability of coastal winds, and reduce or avoid economic losses and casualties. Through the analysis of secondary circulation of two windy weather processes on August 28, 2012 (Typhoon bolaven) and February 13, 2009, in coastal region of Liaoning, the authors found: (1) jet secondary circulation subsidence area was ground winds strengthen region, providing a theoretical basis for forecasting strong wind; (2)intensity variation of dynamic secondary circulation caused by the vertical velocity had an obvious indication role on the intensity change of surface gale, ladder like distribution of vertical velocity center in pairs in the process of the wind benefited the downward transport of momentum and had a promoting effect on surface wind; (3)thermal secondary circulation also had certain effect on the ground gale, but not a decisive role in the formation of the wind.

  Preliminary Study on the Classification of Synoptical Meteorology and Prediction Index of Gale Weather off the Coast of Liaoning 黄阁, 盛永, 吴曼丽 and 张宁娜 2014, 30 (34):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1293 Abstract + ( 704 )   Wind is a kind of severe weather，easily causes operational difficulties to maritime shipping and offshore fishing production, and damages aquaculture facilities. By analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the coastal winds, summarizing the prediction index concept and building a forecast model, is helpful to further understand the characteristics of the climate in the coastal winds and its development mechanism, so as to improve prediction accuracy. Based on wind direction data during 1971 to 2010 of the 17 coastal conventional stations in Liaoning Province，the author analyzed the daily maximum wind speed and summarized the?spatial and temporal distribution. The results showed that: (1) the most windy days appeared on the southern Liaodong Peninsula, Lvshun, 925 days in the past 40 a, 23.1 days per year on average; (2) the north winds appeared significantly more than south winds on the western and southern and eastern of Liaodong Peninsula, windy weather along the northern part of the Bohai coast dominated by southwest winds; (3)Liaoning coastal winds mainly appeared in the spring, mostly appear in April; followed by winter, least in summer and autumn; (4) the dominant wind directions were N and S, W and E appeared less; (5) the dominant wind directions during October to February was N, the dominant wind directions during April to March was S. Based on the NCEP reanalysis data, 26 gale case patterns were classified into high-low type, high pressure, low pressure, and concept prediction models, and key forecasting areas were identified and prediction index was established.

  Anxi Fertility Characteristics of Different Land Use Dilapidated Granite Alluvial Fan 2014, 30 (34):  165-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1452 Abstract + ( 952 )   Collapsing erosion is a special form of soil erosion in China Southern Red Zone, the danger is great. In order to plan agricultural land use of sandy alluvial fan, improve economic efficiency in agriculture, the authors adopted outdoor and indoor sampling analysis to study differences of soil properties in Anxi County Gang Yang collapse pit alluvial fan of small watershed land use in different ways. The results showed that: the physical and chemical properties of soil under different land use patterns were different. Soil evaluation with the Nemerow index method showed that fertility of paddy fields, vegetable gardens, tea plantations and eucalyptus forests was higher than the P values of abandoned land for 150%, 147.37%, 105.26% and 43.72%, respectively. It is concluded that, the use of dilapidated granite sandy alluvial fan areas of farmland and gardens cultivated paddy soil could effectively promote ripening.

  Aggregation, Particulate Organic Matter and Its Soil Carbon Distribution of the Wetland Soil in Liaohe Delta 叶思源, 丁玉荣, 赵全升, 丁喜桂, 袁红明, 赵广明 and 王锦 2014, 30 (34):  171-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1208 Abstract + ( 1200 )   This study investigated the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates and particulate organic matter, soil carbon concentration of three typical wetlands in Liaohe River Delta. By wet sieving and density grouping, we get the percentage of different aggregate fractions and in-particulate organic matter (iPOM), physical and chemical parameters, organic C, total nitrogen (N). The results showed that silt- and clay-sized fraction(＜53μm) took priority in the percentage aggregation of different wetlands, followed by microaggregates(53-250μm). Still, the organic C concentration was mainly macroaggregates (＞250μm). Moreover, mineral soil organic C accounted for the most in particulate organic matter (>90%), while its C concentration was the lowest. Generally, in-particulate organic matter (iPOM) was much more than aggregate, and the organic C concentration increases with the fraction increasing. Also, light free (LF) had the highest organic C content, ranging from 174.4 to 182.0 g/kg. Particularly, the organic C concentration of fine particulate organic matter in fine aggregate was the highest in Suaeda salsa wetland. In conclusion, the reed wetland has the best capacity of carbon sequestration as a result of its largest quantity of macroaggregate and highest stability.

  Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation on Black Soil Water Conservation Based on DEA:A Case of Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (34):  178-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1135 Abstract + ( 637 )   Since 2003, the state has implemented a number of soil and water conservation projects on black soil, so it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of the projects. By using DEA model, this paper evaluated the overall efficiency of soil and water conservation projects on black soil in recent 10 years in Heilongjiang Province, and obtained the result of integrated effectiveness, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of economic benefits, social and ecological benefits. The results showed that the overall efficiency of soil and water conservation is good and the stability is high for the years, but has not yet reached the optimal state. Finally, according to the results of the evaluation, this paper proposed recommendations, such as, increasing farmers’income and optimizing resource allocation.

  Bioremediation of Chlorimuron-ethyl Contaminated Soil by Strain LW3 2014, 30 (34):  182-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1420 Abstract + ( 732 )   To investigate the effects of exogenous bacterial on soil chlorimuron-ethyl pollution remediation, a chlorimuron-ethyl degrading strain LW3 isolated from long-term contaminated soils was used to study the influencing factors of chlorimuron-ethyl reparation in soil microcosms. The results indicated that the rate of degradation was in accordance with the inoculation amount. But when the inoculation amount reached 1.0×106 CFU/g dry soil, then increase the amount of inoculum had no obvious effect on increasing the degradation rate. The optimum degradation temperature was 30℃, the optimum initial pH 7. When soil moisture content was lower than 40%, the degradation rate increased with increasing soil water content. In flooded conditions, the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl was inhibited seriously.

  Research Progress of the Arsenic Exposure in Food 许玉艳,,,宋怿, and 2014, 30 (34):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1270 Abstract + ( 2142 )   Arsenic is a metalloid with different inorganic and organic forms. Arsenic widely exists in the environment and comes from both natural occurrence and anthropogenic activity. Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds are carcinogenic to humans and are classified as Group 1 by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is proved that food and water are the major contributors to total inorganic arsenic exposure. Therefore, inorganic arsenic dietary exposure has arouse extensive attention in recent years. This paper overviewed the new research progress on inorganic arsenic dietary exposure assessment by international organizations, and summarized the present research status in China. Meantime, this paper pointed out that the arsenic species, the bioavailability form, the toxicity and the analysis method of different arsenic species should be emphasized in future. In conclusion, this paper would provide reference for the further study of inorganic arsenic exposure assessment or other related research.

  Predictive Mathematical Model of Temperature on Water Losing Rate of Leaves in Withering Process of Congou Black Tea 黄藩, 董春旺, 高明珠, 桂安辉, 刘飞, 叶阳 and 朱宏凯 2014, 30 (34):  193-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1619 Abstract + ( 1061 )   The study aims to explore the effect of temperature on water losing rate of leaves in withering process of Congou black tea to construct a predictive model of changes of water losing rate of leaves. Basic models were developed for 4 temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35℃) with 60%-65% relative humidity (RH), in order to clarify the correlation of time, temperature and leaf water losing rate of the withering. The prediction model of relationship between fresh leaf water losing rate and temperature was built based on chemical reaction kinetics and Allen equation (Arrhenius) (R2＞0.98). An experiment was done to verify correctness of the model and results showed that the predicted values achieved by the model agreed well with field test results (P=4.538%). The model could be used to forecast the law of water losing rate of leaves and determine the time ranges of wilting and had important theoretic value and guiding significance for optimization of the withering process of congou black tea.

  HPLC Fingerprint of Polyphenols Compounds in Apple Juice Concentrate 孟永宏 and 郭玉蓉 2014, 30 (34):  199-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1679 Abstract + ( 947 )   In order to control the quality of apple polyphenol and identify the authenticity of apple juice products, the HPLC fingerprint of polyphenols in different sources of apple juice concentrate was established after optimizing the polyphenol analysis conditions and analyzing the type and content of polyphenols in apple juice concentrate from different sources. Using apple juice concentrate as a sample in this experiment, and under conditions of using Welchrom C18 column, at the detection wavelength of 280 nm, the column temperature 30℃, amount of sample 20μL, mobile phase of 0.3% three trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution and methanol (flow 1 mL/min) and gradient elution, 12 common fingerprint peaks were determined. As well as the finger print similarity of polyphenol was above 0.900 and the content of polyphenol in 10 sources of apple juice concentrate was 5559 to 7971μg/mL. So the HPLC fingerprint of polyphenols for apple juice concentrate was initially established. This method can be used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of apple polyphenols and will provide the theoretical basis for apple juice processing enterprises in their quality control of polyphenols.

  Food Safety Evaluation of Selenium Enriched Bamboo Shoots 2014, 30 (34):  208-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1931 Abstract + ( 920 )   The research on selenium speciation, heavy metal content and the selenium content of control was studied for the evaluation of edibility safety of selenium enriched bamboo shoots. The results showed that selenium speciation was mainly protein combination state, safe and with high utilization efficiency; the content of heavy metals was within safety standards and there was no heavy metals enrichment; the bamboo shoots cultivated in selenium fertilizer 1.5 mg/mL can be used as a safety and efficient selenium food.

  Comparison of Rheological Properties Changes of Cow Milk and Goat Milk During Lactic Acid Fermentation 田万强, 李林强, 昝林森, 辛亚平, 刘永峰, 付丽娟, 李啸林 and 高轶 2014, 30 (34):  213-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2228 Abstract + ( 764 )   The objectives of this study were?to investigate rheological properties of cow milk and goat milk during lactic acid fermentation. Cow milk and goat milk were lactic acid fermented for 6 h respectively. Shearing viscosity, acidity, and protein content were measured at 0, 1, 3 and 6 h respectively. The results showed that shearing viscosity and protein content of cow milk were higher than that of goat milk at 0, 1, 3 and 6 h. But acidity of goat milk were higher than that of cow milk at the same time. Protein is an important affecting factor on rheological properties of cow milk and goat milk.

  Research on Properties and Antibacterial Function of Nano-TiO2 Chitosan Composite Membrane in Preservation of Fruit and Vegetable 2014, 30 (34):  218-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2128 Abstract + ( 708 )   Nano-TiO2 was modified and characterized, then added to the chitosan film in the solution, in order to improve the performance and antibacterial function of the film, and extend the preservation time of the composite film for fruits and vegetables. The results showed that the modified nanometer TiO2 had changes in crystal shape and structure. When the modified Nano- TiO2 was added to the film, CO2 coefficient of the optimized composite film reduced by 24% compared with blank film, permeable rate was reduced by 65.5%, the tensile strength increased by 13.99%, the elongation at break increased by 50% and tear strength increased by 57.89%. In addition, light transmittance was improved in ultraviolet region, bacteriostasis was enhanced, and preservation time of the composite film for fruits and vegetables extended to some extent.

  Application of Chuanxiong and Other Chinese Herbal Medicine Extracts in Restraining Cirtus Pathogens and Cirtus Fresh-keeping 金晨钟 2014, 30 (34):  226-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1492 Abstract + ( 737 )   In order to research the inhibition effect on citrus pathogen with Chinese herbal extracts, Rhizoma ligustici Chuanxiong, Cortex acanthocephala Radicis, Radix angelicae Biseratae and other 6 Chinese herbals were used as materials for antibacterial liquid extraction, and the antibacterial effect on 3 kinds of cirtus pathogens (white mold, brown rot phytophthora and finger penicillium) were identified. The results showed that the extracting liquid of Chinese herbal had different inhibiting effects on different cirtus pathogen, and the inhibiting effects of Rhizoma ligustici Chuanxiong were the most obvious. When the extracting liquid density of Rhizoma ligustici Chuanxiong was below 1.0×10-3 g/mL, it still had obvious inhibiting effects on 3 kinds of cirtus pathogens. The film preservation tests indicated that adding Rhizoma ligustici Chuanxiong of a density of 0.10% into chitosan membrane would have obvious enhanced effects on fresh citrus.

  Analysis of Cotton Academic Research and Development Based on SCIE in China 孙颉 2014, 30 (34):  232-237.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1066 Abstract + ( 863 )   Based on the research articles titled with cotton retrieved from the database of SCIE, a quantitative analysis using literature metrology method was conducted from aspects as the literature quantity, subject, periodicals of core source journals, authors and citations statistics and analyses. The results can reflect the overall development of research and academic development in cotton field over the 10 years after the country’s access to the WTO, including a steadily rapid growth in literature number, broad discipline research field, progress in basic scientific research and extensive international exchange and cooperation. In addition, a strong cotton research team with capable academic leaders can also lead to the academic development in cotton field of China.

  Application of GGE-biplot Based on R Language in Regional Trial of Maize Varieties 张祯勇, 徐国伦, 肖启银, 陈代全, 贾炜汉 and 杨道勇 2014, 30 (34):  238-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1448 Abstract + ( 1310 )   This paper used GGE-biplot based on R language to analyze high-yield, stability and adaptability of maize yield, with ten new maize hybrid combinations planted in five ecological conditions of high altitude in Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, to provide references for identification of new varieties and maize high-yield production. Meanwhile, representativeness and discrimination of five different testing sites was analyzed. The results showed that, ‘Kangyushi 0903’ and CH327 were both the combination with a high and stable yield, and SZ694 had a relatively high yield also, but its stability was a bit poor, so it had a special adaptability in Hailuogou. In terms of discrimination and representativeness, Jiulong, Hailuogou and Danba had a better performance: Hailuogou and Danba had the best discrimination, while Danba site had the best representativeness.

  The Application of GIS in Early-warning of Basic Farmland Occupation 张桂林, 许高建 and 李绍稳 2014, 30 (34):  244-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1501 Abstract + ( 819 )   According to the statistical data of?each city and county of Anhui Province, AHP?has been used to determine?weights of impact factors in the study of?cultivated land occupied Process. A cultivated land early-warning?assessment?component model and GIS?integration scheme have been proposed. On this basis, an early-warning decision support system of the?cultivated land use in Anhui Province?is established, which provides?scientific and reasonable cultivated land protection information for decision making. New research suggests that the original?farmland and?rural residential land?have been transformed to urban?land and construction land, which is the main reason of the change of land use in Anhui Province.

  Performance Testing and Optimization of Web Exam System Based on LoadRunner 2014, 30 (34):  250-256.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1506 Abstract + ( 802 )   As a Web exam application, Surveyor Examination System (SES) performance testing is complicated, especially of the simulation of multi-user load. Focused on the real-time, stability and robustness feature, the author designed a LoadRunner-based performance testing process for SES to test the key aspects of the system, the distribution of resources and hardware performance. Based on the analysis of the test results, the key factors that affect system performance were identified and performance optimization methods were proposed. Practices showed these methods eliminated the system performance bottlenecks effectively. This paper provided a general way of performance testing and optimization for the web applications.

  Study on the Agricultural Research Informatization Level and Its Influencing Factors in China 2014, 30 (34):  257-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1660 Abstract + ( 790 )   Agricultural research informatization plays an important role in agricultural scientific innovation. Evaluation of informatization level helps push forward the construction of China’s agricultural research informatization. This paper aims to evaluate the informatization level of the institutions in CAAS based on the survey data and study the related factors that affect the informatization level of agricultural research. The study constructed an evaluation index system for agricultural research informatization level from informatization application, informatization infrastructure, informatization team, informatization input and informatization environment and measured the informatization level of institutions in CAAS with principal component analysis. And what is more, it analyzed the correlation of informatization level and its influence factors with the multiple linear regression models. There are three institutes which informatization level is more than 1.5 point and the gap of informatization level between different institutes is large. Funds and scale of the institutes are relevant to the informatization level. Institutes with adequate capital and large scale will have a higher informatization level. Informatization construction of agricultural research is urgent and needs to be uniformly planned, deployed and coordinated; informatization construction of agricultural research is still in the primary stage, there are still many problems; more input to informatization construction of agricultural research can improve the informatization level of agricultural research.

  Extraction of Cultivated Land Information in Shandong Province Based on Landsat8 OLI Data 2014, 30 (34):  264-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1872 Abstract + ( 1205 )   In order to investigate the effect of the extraction of cultivated land and provide some information for the application of the image, by making use of the image data of Landsat8 OLI newly launched by the United States, we conduct computer correction and enhancement for the 12 Landsat8 OLI images of Shandong Province through the adoption of ENVI (a remote sensing image processing software). The study was carried out with interactive classification method by visual interpretation, supervised and unsupervised classification method to extract information of cultivated land in Shandong Province. The results showed that the combination of Band 5, 4, 3 and Band 6, 5, 2 of Landsat8 OLI data was suitable for extract information of cultivated land. The extraction accuracy was 91.8%. Landsat8 OLI data could meet the requirements of timely access to information of cultivated land in cultivated land use and management.

  Chongqing City RDLS and Human Settlement Environment Terrain Suitability Evaluation 叶胜, 罗亚晨 and 李翀 2014, 30 (34):  270-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1925 Abstract + ( 640 )   "Determining the scope of the five functional areas of Chongqing", population factors must be taken into account. From the terrain fluctuations in population distribution pattern, we provide further evidence that Chongqing city is divided into five functional areas. The Chongqing 1:250000 DEM data, the county population data of 2010, with Arcgis9.3 software and the method of neighborhood analysis, a raster format of RDLS calculation is calculated and the size of the unit is 1 km. We analyze the space geography regularity of RDLS and the relationship between the geographical distribution of the population, mainly from the aspects of the geographical space, composition and altitude. Analysis shows that: the value of RDLS is mainly concentrated in low value, a RDLS value of less than 1.5 accounts for 78.82% of the total area of Chongqing City, the cumulative population accounts for 66.37% of the total population; high RDLS value area mainly concentrated in the northeast of Chongqing ecological conservation development areas and southeast Chongqing ecological conservation development areas; the elevation and RDLS shows a positive correlation; RDLS curve and population density curve exhibits a high degree of fitting, by using RDLS as the main analysis element, assessment of Chongqing City terrain suitability is conducted.

  A Research Review on Family Farms 2014, 30 (34):  276-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1514 Abstract + ( 744 )   Family farm is an important part of agricultural management. In 2013, family farm was first mentioned in the No. 1 Central Document, and aroused great concern from various circles of society. Many papers and reports about family farm have been published continuously and a new research climax is coming about family farm. In this paper, a research review about family farm development is analyzed according to related literature. The study result can provide a reference for the practical development and theoretical study on family farms.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Modern Agriculture in Zigong 胡光远, 郭燕梅, 杨航, 金昆 and 杨皓宇 2014, 30 (34):  282-287.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1536 Abstract + ( 668 )   The development of modern agriculture is the subject of future agricultural development and the main task of agricultural and rural development. Base on previous research, the index evaluation system of modern agriculture of Zigong and the evaluation model based on AHP (analytic hierarchy process) were established in this article. Used the statistical data of 2012 in Zigong, the author evaluated the development of modern agriculture. Results showed that the score of the modern agricultural development level of Zigong was 49.22, which was still at the initial stage of the development of modern agriculture.

  Research on Financial Problem of Farmers’ Professional Cooperative in Heilongjiang Province 庞金波 2014, 30 (34):  288-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1556 Abstract + ( 888 )   The development of farmers’professional co-operatives is constrained by many factors and the financing difficulty is the main reason to restrict its development. Based on the present financing situation of farmers’professional cooperatives in Heilongjiang Province, the author carried out a descriptive analysis of the causes of financing difficulties. And based on the mechanism design theory, the author analyzed the influencing factors of the cooperatives’financing. At last, the paper put forward corresponding countermeasures.

  Empirical Study on Rural-tourism Decision-making Behavior in the Perspective of Low-carbon:Based on the Survey of 300 Tourists in Beijing 罗红, 陈晓 and 何忠伟 2014, 30 (34):  294-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1617 Abstract + ( 1335 )   Under the background of global low-carbon economy, rural-tourism developing with low-carbon is an inevitable trend. As tourists’travelling choices are determined by their decision-making behavior, the study of tourists’decision-making behaviors of low-carbon tourism would provide important reference for rural-tourism development. The push-pull model was constructed to classify the factors that affected low- carbon rural-tourism in this paper. And using binary logistic model, the influencing factors were analyzed, based on the research data of tourists from 10 suburban counties of Beijing. Empirical results showed that, in addition to individual objective factors such as education and income, significant factors of tourists’low- carbon rural-tourism decision-making included travel experiences, attitude toward low-carbon rural-tourism, perceived value of low-carbon rural-tourism and destination features of rural-tourism. Further, suggestions were put forward to promote the transformation and upgrading of rural-tourism under the background of low-carbon economy.

  Distance Education Experience Learned from Developed Countries for Training the Modern Professional Farmers 2014, 30 (34):  303-308.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1620 Abstract + ( 778 )   With the advent of the network technology and the big data times, vocational education and training for modern professional farmers in China are facing new challenges and opportunities. With the huge resources in secondary vocational schools, developed countries’experience can be learned in distance education and training of farmers through network. To make the role of distance education into a full play in the education and training of modern professional farmers, we can improve the new vocational education and training system for cultivating modern professional farmers.

  Factors Influencing the Non-Scenic-Spot Travel Market in Kunming Based on Factor Analysis 2014, 30 (34):  309-314.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1223 Abstract + ( 1228 )   As a burgeoning travel mode, non-scenic spots travel has been getting more and more scholars’attention, and this study chose Kunming City as the study area to research the influencing factors of non-scenic spots market. During the research, we used factor analysis method to analyze the data of questionnaire and extracted three main factors from a number of variables. The first principal factor was respondent’s gender, age, profession and income. The second principal factor was tourism purpose, attempt reason and attempt willingness. The last principal factor was travel mode, annually travel times and with or without similar travel experience. The results showed that the first principal factor and the third principal factor had the greatest influence on the respondents when choosing the non-scenic spots as their destination. Simultaneously, the study provided a reference for the further development of Kunming’s non-scenic spots tourism.

  Production Efficiency Analysis of Gansu Agricultural Industrialization Key Enterprises Based on DEA Model 杨林娟, 王霖 and 辛文文 2014, 30 (34):  315-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1541 Abstract + ( 688 )   This paper aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the agricultural industrialization key state enterprises in Gansu province. By using the DEA model, authors selected the total assets, technical staffs, main business costs as the input indexes, and the main business income, net profit as output indicators, gave an evaluation of 10 typical key state enterprises which were specially supported by the development projects. Research showed that: the leading enterprises displayed high efficiency and presented good development tendency, but there was still room for improvement; the pure technology efficiencies of DEA inefficiency enterprises were higher than the scale efficiencies; the main reason for the inefficiency was unsuitable resources arrangement and economies of scale low; human resources and assets redundancy existed in the DEA inefficiency enterprises; leading enterprise should enhance resource efficiency and exert a technical scale in the development process.